山(shan)東(dong)煎(jian)餅,傳統(tong)特色面食。源于山(shan)東(dong)泰山(shan)。現代(dai)煎(jian)餅制作方法的創制年代(dai)難(nan)以(yi)(yi)考證(zheng),但“煎(jian)餅”一(yi)詞的使用(yong) 山(shan)東(dong)煎(jian)餅可(ke)以(yi)(yi)追溯到很早以(yi)(yi)前。相傳孟姜(jiang)女(nv)哭(ku)長(chang)城,所帶食物即煎(jian)餅。
清(qing)代蒲松齡(ling)《煎餅賦》:“溲含米豆,磨如膠餳,扒須兩歧(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)勢,鏊為鼎(ding)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)形,掬瓦盆之(zhi)(zhi)一勺,經火(huo)烙而(er)(er)滂(pang),乃急手(shou)而(er)(er)左(zuo)旋,如磨上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)蟻(yi)行,黃白忽變,斯須而(er)(er)成,‘卒律葛(ge)答’,乘此(ci)熱鐺,一翻(fan)手(shou)而(er)(er)覆手(shou),作十百于俄頃,圓于望月,大如銅(tong)錚,薄(bo)似剡溪之(zhi)(zhi)紙,色如黃鶴(he)之(zhi)(zhi)翎,此(ci)煎餅之(zhi)(zhi)定制也。
山(shan)東(dong)煎(jian)餅,形似荷葉(xie),薄軟(ruan)如紙,香氣(qi)撲鼻,味美適口。煎(jian)餅上(shang)攤(tan)上(shang)雞蛋,軟(ruan)嫩鮮香,別有風味。天津(jin)也有煎(jian)餅果子,做(zuo)法相似,但用的(de)是(shi)(shi)綠豆面,味道也很好(hao)。山(shan)東(dong)煎(jian)餅原料由五(wu)谷(gu)雜糧(liang)精細(xi)研(yan)磨而成,既不是(shi)(shi)純(chun)細(xi)糧(liang),也不是(shi)(shi)純(chun)粗(cu)糧(liang),營養(yang)豐富,便于人消化,因(yin)為做(zuo)煎(jian)餅的(de)原料都帶(dai)皮殼,含粗(cu)纖(xian)維多,對消化很有幫助,是(shi)(shi)城市(shi)居民讓人擔(dan)憂健康狀況(kuang)的(de)一劑良方。
1、磨制面糊
把(ba)麥(mai)子(zi)(zi)、高梁、玉(yu)米、谷子(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)瓜(gua)干(gan)等原料(liao)(liao)淘洗、浸(jin)泡(pao),然后磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)糊(hu)(hu)狀物,俗(su)稱“煎餅(bing)(bing)糊(hu)(hu)子(zi)(zi)”。有(you)(you)些地(di)(di)方在磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)制(zhi)面(mian)糊(hu)(hu)前,兌入(ru)三(san)分(fen)之一(yi)或一(yi)半的(de)(de)“熟(shu)料(liao)(liao)”(即先行煮到(dao)八九成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)部分(fen)原料(liao)(liao)),俗(su)稱“對半子(zi)(zi)”,“對半子(zi)(zi)”后磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)出(chu)(chu)來的(de)(de)面(mian)糊(hu)(hu)容(rong)易攤(tan)(tan)制(zhi),攤(tan)(tan)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)煎餅(bing)(bing)也柔軟好(hao)吃(chi)。有(you)(you)些地(di)(di)方把(ba)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)干(gan)在磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)后,要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水浸(jin)泡(pao),把(ba)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)面(mian)里的(de)(de)黑水浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)干(gan)直(zhi)接(jie)浸(jin)泡(pao),這(zhe)個細做(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)是麻(ma)煩之至。地(di)(di)瓜(gua)干(gan)要(yao)在水里泡(pao)一(yi)天左右,等到(dao)水分(fen)將(jiang)其徹底化后,就(jiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)刀將(jiang)其剁碎。然后同泡(pao)好(hao)的(de)(de)玉(yu)米混(hun)在一(yi)起(qi),在水磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)上磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)糊(hu)(hu)。而(er)這(zhe)一(yi)過(guo)程很費時(shi)費力(li)。水磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)為(wei)顆粒粗大的(de)(de)圓型花崗巖磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)盤(pan)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)上下(xia)兩塊疊在一(yi)起(qi)。盤(pan)的(de)(de)兩個接(jie)觸面(mian)上都鑿出(chu)(chu)了條紋(wen)以增加研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和排糊(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)能力(li)。上片磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)片上開(kai)了兩個小洞,可(ke)以將(jiang)料(liao)(liao)混(hun)著水一(yi)勺一(yi)勺的(de)(de)加入(ru)。推(tui)動(dong)上片磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)盤(pan)就(jiu)可(ke)以將(jiang)料(liao)(liao)碾碎,從上下(xia)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)片的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)縫里流(liu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)就(jiu)是做(zuo)(zuo)煎餅(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)煎餅(bing)(bing)糊(hu)(hu)。推(tui)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)馬、牛(niu)或驢等牲口(kou),那是在解放前的(de)(de)地(di)(di)主家才能用(yong)(yong)(yong),普通(tong)人家也只有(you)(you)人推(tui)。小的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)盤(pan)一(yi)個人推(tui)就(jiu)行。可(ke)大的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)要(yao)三(san)四個人才能推(tui)動(dong)。普遍采用(yong)(yong)(yong)機磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。一(yi)般是頭天晚上磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)制(zhi)面(mian)糊(hu)(hu),第二天一(yi)早(zao)開(kai)始架鏊子(zi)(zi)、生火(huo)、攤(tan)(tan)煎餅(bing)(bing)。
2、架設鏊子
架設(she)鏊(ao)子(zi)的(de)過程(cheng)可(ke)(ke)簡可(ke)(ke)繁。簡單的(de)架設(she)方法直接(jie)用三塊磚把(ba)鏊(ao)子(zi)撐起來就可(ke)(ke);復(fu)雜的(de)做(zuo)法是用硬泥糊成(cheng)一個(ge)爐灶,用風箱(xiang)鼓風。鏊(ao)子(zi)架設(she)好后(hou)即可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)火。農村一般采用玉(yu)米秸或(huo)麥秸作為柴禾。生(sheng)火與攤(tan)制(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)往往是兩個(ge)人合作。鏊(ao)子(zi)燒熱后(hou),就可(ke)(ke)以攤(tan)制(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)或(huo)滾制(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)了。
3、攤制煎餅
攤(tan)制(zhi)之前,往(wang)往(wang)先用(yong)油擦在鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)面(mian)擦一(yi)遍油,既去掉了鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)的雜物,也(ye)使(shi)得烙熟(shu)(shu)的煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)容(rong)易(yi)與鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分離。當鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)燒熱(re)(re)以(yi)(yi)后,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)勺(shao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)舀上(shang)(shang)一(yi)勺(shao)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)糊(hu)放到(dao)鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang),用(yong)耙子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)沿著(zhu)鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)攤(tan)一(yi)圈(quan)。由(you)于(yu)鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是熱(re)(re)的,煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)糊(hu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)到(dao)之處就(jiu)(jiu)迅速的被(bei)凝固一(yi)層(ceng),就(jiu)(jiu)是所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)的煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)。沒有凝固的就(jiu)(jiu)被(bei)竹劈子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(由(you)于(yu)使(shi)用(yong)起來比較困難,年輕人(ren)學(xue)習不(bu)會,后來逐漸被(bei)耙子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)代替)帶著(zhu)向前走,重復這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)過(guo)程直到(dao)整(zheng)個鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)攤(tan)滿。耙子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的長短(duan)正好(hao)等于(yu)鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的半徑,所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)耙子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)繞場一(yi)周,煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)就(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)。為(wei)了煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)質量更好(hao),在上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)的煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)糊(hu)還(huan)沒有完全凝固煎(jian)熟(shu)(shu)之前,用(yong)一(yi)塊木板(稱(cheng)為(wei)刮(gua)批)在上(shang)(shang)面(mian)刮(gua)一(yi)下(xia),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)上(shang)(shang)面(mian)平整(zheng)和(he)厚度均勻。因為(wei)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)很薄(bo),很容(rong)易(yi)熟(shu)(shu),這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)過(guo)要(yao)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)的快,也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)是二三十秒鐘(zhong),否則就(jiu)(jiu)會焦(jiao)了。待(dai)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)后,需(xu)要(yao)及時用(yong)鏟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)沿鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)邊沿把攤(tan)好(hao)的煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)搶(qiang)起揭下(xia)。煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)的大小以(yi)(yi)鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而定,直徑一(yi)般在半米(mi)到(dao)80厘(li)米(mi)之間。攤(tan)在鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)面(mian)糊(hu)的多少(shao)決定了煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)的厚度,水(shui)平高的人(ren)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)攤(tan)制(zhi)出非(fei)常(chang)(chang)薄(bo)的煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)來。攤(tan)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)講(jiang)究技(ji)術和(he)火候。
滾(gun)(gun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)“滾(gun)(gun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”一般是(shi)用來制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作質地較(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing),大部分是(shi)地瓜(gua)干或玉米為(wei)原(yuan)料的(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)。將面(mian)(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)面(mian)(mian)盆內活成面(mian)(mian)團(tuan)。鏊子(zi)(zi)燒熱(re)(re)后(hou),雙手抱面(mian)(mian)團(tuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鏊子(zi)(zi)上(shang)均勻的(de)(de)(de)滾(gun)(gun)動一圈,面(mian)(mian)就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鏊子(zi)(zi)上(shang)留下(xia)薄(bo)薄(bo)一層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)痕跡,這層(ceng)痕跡烙熟(shu)揭下(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)了(le)。這樣的(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)比較(jiao)厚。這種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作方(fang)法制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)比較(jiao)松散,不好控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)厚度。厚度跟面(mian)(mian)粉磨的(de)(de)(de)粗細(xi)有關,粗面(mian)(mian)粉相(xiang)對就(jiu)(jiu)厚,細(xi)面(mian)(mian)粉就(jiu)(jiu)薄(bo)。往往放(fang)到旁邊的(de)(de)(de)蓋墊(dian)上(shang),然后(hou)一張張煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)摞起來。剛(gang)從鏊子(zi)(zi)上(shang)揭下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)很(hen)柔軟,可以(yi)(yi)折疊成長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),放(fang)到甕里(li)存放(fang)。晾涼后(hou)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)變得薄(bo)而脆(cui),由于加熱(re)(re)過程中出去了(le)大量水分,煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)常溫下(xia)保存很(hen)長(chang)時間,在(zai)(zai)(zai)過去是(shi)出門遠行的(de)(de)(de)必備食品。
大(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)機械化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)鏊子(zi),就(jiu)(jiu)象大(da)型(xing)絞(jiao)車的(de)(de)(de)滾筒,在(zai)(zai)滾筒的(de)(de)(de)里(li)面燒(shao)火,將滾筒的(de)(de)(de)外面燒(shao)熱,滾筒不(bu)停的(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)緩(huan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong),面糊就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)滾筒的(de)(de)(de)半徑上外側均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)撒,隨滾筒的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)撒滿(man)了滾筒同寬的(de)(de)(de)薄薄的(de)(de)(de)一層(ceng)面糊,滾筒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過半周也就(jiu)(jiu)將撒在(zai)(zai)上面的(de)(de)(de)面糊煎熟了,在(zai)(zai)此處揭下來(lai)。這樣的(de)(de)(de)煎餅是(shi)長長的(de)(de)(de)一張,就(jiu)(jiu)象卷好待賣的(de)(de)(de)布匹。這種煎餅就(jiu)(jiu)沒有手工攤的(de)(de)(de)好吃了。
半機(ji)械(xie)化(hua)的(de)(de)是鏊(ao)子旋(xuan)轉的(de)(de),有的(de)(de)是手動(dong)旋(xuan)轉,有的(de)(de)是電機(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)旋(xuan)轉。燒的(de)(de)是蜂窩煤。其他和攤(tan)(tan)制相同,一般直(zhi)徑在150厘米。好的(de)(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)要(yao)(yao)薄如蟬翼,厚度(du)均勻。這(zhe)(zhe)不但要(yao)(yao)求煎(jian)餅(bing)糊磨得要(yao)(yao)細,稀(xi)稠適(shi)當,重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)還(huan)在于攤(tan)(tan)。攤(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)手要(yao)(yao)麻利,火候(hou)(hou)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)適(shi)當。鏊(ao)子連續使用(yong)四五小時,要(yao)(yao)停(ting)下來(lai)涼一涼,不然煎(jian)餅(bing)就(jiu)攤(tan)(tan)不成了,這(zhe)(zhe)是為什么沒有人(ren)解釋清,但是必須這(zhe)(zhe)樣做(zuo)。攤(tan)(tan)煎(jian)餅(bing)往(wang)往(wang)是家庭主婦的(de)(de)活兒(er),在山(shan)東過(guo)去要(yao)(yao)考察新(xin)媳婦會不會做(zuo)活兒(er),只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)攤(tan)(tan)一次(ci)煎(jian)餅(bing)就(jiu)可以(yi)知道(dao)。
剛剛從鏊(ao)子上(shang)揭(jie)下的(de)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)很柔軟,可以將其卷成煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)卷來吃,所以才有煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)“卷”一(yi)說。剛剛冷卻的(de)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)由于失去水分(fen)會很干,但煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)疊在一(yi)起的(de),漸(jian)漸(jian)又會返潮而變(bian)得(de)(de)柔軟,上(shang)面蓋上(shang)布就(jiu)會可以長期保持。待吃時,只要揭(jie)一(yi)張就(jiu)成,非常方便。后來,在濟南出(chu)了一(yi)種(zhong)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing),象(xiang)(xiang)糕(gao)點一(yi)樣用(yong)紙包好。那種(zhong)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)味道甜甜的(de)更(geng)象(xiang)(xiang)糕(gao)點,不象(xiang)(xiang)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)。更(geng)不能容忍的(de)是(shi)這種(zhong)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)給(gei)弄(nong)得(de)(de)很干很酥(su),不用(yong)說卷,就(jiu)是(shi)碰(peng)一(yi)下就(jiu)碎了。顯然是(shi)把“桃(tao)酥(su)”的(de)質量指標硬用(yong)到煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)的(de)質量控制上(shang)了。
要(yao)做(zuo)出(chu)市面(mian)(mian)認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)乘煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing),必須(xu)(xu)在選(xuan)料配料和(he)(he)做(zuo)工(gong)上(shang)下(xia)工(gong)夫(fu)。譬如說(shuo)玉米(mi)(mi)吧,并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)什么品種都能(neng)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),最好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)有(you)“油性”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“小(xiao)粒黃(huang)”和(he)(he)“小(xiao)粒紅”,小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)須(xu)(xu)是(shi)(shi)春谷(gu),夏谷(gu)(也叫晚谷(gu))糠多(duo)米(mi)(mi)少(shao),發(fa)柴(chai)(方言,意思是(shi)(shi)干而無味(wei))。特(te)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing)還要(yao)摻上(shang)點白芝麻(ma)(黑芝麻(ma)染色(se),影響餅(bing)(bing)(bing)色(se))或精豆粉。再就是(shi)(shi)做(zuo)工(gong)要(yao)精細(xi)。“精細(xi)”人人會(hui)說(shuo),但(dan)(dan)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)人人都能(neng)做(zuo)得到(dao),肯下(xia)力,還要(yao)動(dong)腦子(zi)(zi)(zi)。如粉碎(sui)玉米(mi)(mi),并非像(xiang)平常那樣,放進(jin)電磨(mo)里(li)磨(mo)成面(mian)(mian)就完事,還須(xu)(xu)幾道(dao)工(gong)序哩。先粗碎(sui),把(ba)玉米(mi)(mi)皮和(he)(he)把(ba)子(zi)(zi)(zi)隔去(qu),再把(ba)其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“浮面(mian)(mian)”(碎(sui)面(mian)(mian)把(ba)子(zi)(zi)(zi))篩(shai)去(qu)。把(ba)原料磨(mo)成面(mian)(mian)粉后,“兌糝子(zi)(zi)(zi)”也有(you)講究,開水兌多(duo)少(shao),涼(liang)水兌多(duo)少(shao),都要(yao)按(an)比(bi)例。磨(mo)糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo),須(xu)(xu)是(shi)(shi)精細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)。糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)要(yao)掌(zhang)握“火候(hou)”和(he)(he)方法。傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法是(shi)(shi)自(zi)然(ran)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao),發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)好(hao)攤(tan),煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)粘,容(rong)易保存,美中(zhong)不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),這種煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing)吃(chi)起來(lai)略有(you)酸(suan)味(wei),再說(shuo),自(zi)然(ran)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)費(fei)時(shi),冬天還要(yao)生火加溫,發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“火候(hou)”也難掌(zhang)握。好(hao)處(chu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)但(dan)(dan)糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai),做(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing)無酸(suan)味(wei),而且吃(chi)起來(lai)還有(you)一股香(xiang)甜味(wei)。過去(qu)做(zuo)煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing)一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing)筢子(zi)(zi)(zi)把(ba)糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)均勻地(di)攤(tan)在鏊子(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)待熟后揭下(xia)就算完成。快(kuai)速(su)地(di)用(yong)“竹刮(gua)子(zi)(zi)(zi)”在煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing)上(shang)來(lai)回刮(gua)壓(ya)。刮(gua)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)面(mian)(mian)勻稱,晶瑩透亮,保存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間更長(chang)。一個(ge)直徑半米(mi)(mi)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎餅(bing)(bing)(bing),放到(dao)稱上(shang)竟不(bu)到(dao)半兩重,可(ke)知其薄(bo)得程度。
傳說(shuo)煎(jian)餅(bing)是(shi)諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮發明的(de)。諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮輔佐劉(liu)備(bei)之(zhi)初,兵微(wei)將(jiang)寡,常被(bei)曹兵追(zhui)殺,一次被(bei)圍(wei)在(zai)沂(yi)河、湅河之(zhi)間(jian),鍋灶盡(jin)失,而(er)將(jiang)士饑餓困乏,又不能(neng)造飯,諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮便(bian)讓伙夫以水(shui)和玉米面(應該(gai)為(wei)其(qi)他谷類,三國時期玉米還未從美(mei)洲(zhou)引入中國)為(wei)漿,將(jiang)金(銅鑼)置火上(shang),用木棍將(jiang)米漿攤平,煎(jian)出(chu)香噴噴的(de)薄餅(bing),將(jiang)士食后士氣大振,殺出(chu)重圍(wei),當地人也習得(de)此法做食,但(dan)銅鑼昂貴(gui),且易開(kai)裂,人們便(bian)以鐵(tie)制(zhi)成鑼狀的(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)烙。從此煎(jian)餅(bing)在(zai)沂(yi)蒙(meng)乃至(zhi)山東大地上(shang)流傳至(zhi)今。
現代煎餅(bing)制作方法的創制年代難以(yi)考證,但(dan)“煎餅(bing)”一詞(ci)的使用可以(yi)追(zhui)溯到(dao)很早(zao)以(yi)前。相傳孟姜女哭長(chang)城(cheng),所帶食物即煎餅(bing)。
1967年(nian)(nian)泰(tai)安市省莊鎮東(dong)羊樓村(cun)發現(xian)了明代(dai)(dai)萬歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)“分家契約”,其中(zhong)載有“鏊子(zi)一盤(pan),煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)二(er)十三斤(jin)”。由于“鏊子(zi)”的(de)出(chu)現(xian),可以確知(zhi)(zhi),遲在(zai)明代(dai)(dai)萬歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),現(xian)代(dai)(dai)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)的(de)制作方法(fa)就(jiu)已(yi)經(jing)存在(zai)。山東(dong)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)源于泰(tai)山,已(yi)有一千多年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷(li)史。可知(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)那時已(yi)是泰(tai)安民間(jian)的(de)主食。傳說唐末黃巢起義軍在(zai)泰(tai)山駐扎,當地百姓曾以煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)相送。現(xian)在(zai)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)已(yi)經(jing)是魯南(nan)、魯西(xi)南(nan)等地普遍、具特色的(de)食物了。
清(qing)代蒲松齡《煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)賦》:“溲(sou)含米(mi)豆,磨如膠餳,扒須兩歧之(zhi)勢(shi),鏊為鼎足之(zhi)形,掬瓦盆(pen)之(zhi)一(yi)勺,經火烙而滂,乃急(ji)手(shou)而左旋,如磨上之(zhi)蟻行,黃白忽(hu)變,斯須而成,‘卒律(lv)葛答(da)’,乘此熱(re)鐺,一(yi)翻手(shou)而覆手(shou),作十百于(yu)俄頃,圓(yuan)于(yu)望月,大(da)如銅錚,薄似剡溪之(zhi)紙,色如黃鶴之(zhi)翎,此煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)之(zhi)定制也。……若易之(zhi)以莜屑(xie),則如秋練之(zhi)輝騰(teng);雜之(zhi)以蜀黍,如西山日落返照而霞蒸(zheng)……或拭鵝脂,或假(jia)豚膏,三(san)五(wu)重(zhong)疊,炙烤(kao)。成焦,味松酥(su)而爽口,香四散而遠飄(piao)。”可見魯中地區在清(qing)初制作各類煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)已相(xiang)當(dang)普及,煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)的制作已具備相(xiang)當(dang)的技(ji)術。
蘇北地(di)區的方言和生活習俗接(jie)近山東(dong),而同(tong)蘇南則相去甚遠。實際上也(ye)不(bu)是山東(dong)所有的地(di)方都吃煎餅(bing),可以肯定(ding)的說煎餅(bing)是山東(dong)的代(dai)表食物。現在看來也(ye)是一個很有代(dai)表性的民(min)族產品。
烙(luo)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)工具主要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)件:一(yi)是鏊(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi),鐵制(zhi),圓形,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大、中(zhong)、小(xiao)三(san)種,中(zhong)號鏊(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)直徑65厘米左右(you),中(zhong)心稍凸(tu),下有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)足(zu),其下用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)柴草或(huo)煤炭加熱(re)(re),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)即可烙(luo)制(zhi)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)。鏊(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)是烙(luo)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工具,《康熙字(zi)典》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“鏊(ao)(ao)”字(zi)條,唐人《朝野僉載》中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“熟(shu)鏊(ao)(ao)上(shang)(shang)猢猻”語,可知煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)歷史之悠久。二是手(shou)持用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)推動(dong)糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)工具,當(dang)地人叫(jiao)“篪子(zi)(zi)(zi)”,木(mu)制(zhi)板狀弧(hu)形,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)柄。把糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)放在熱(re)(re)鏊(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)后(hou),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)篪子(zi)(zi)(zi)左右(you)推攤,糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)便薄薄地攤在鏊(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)。也有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)筢子(zi)(zi)(zi),還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“竹劈(pi)”,作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相同(tong),但烙(luo)出來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)卻各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)點。三(san)是油擦子(zi)(zi)(zi),群眾呼(hu)為(wei)油褡子(zi)(zi)(zi),是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)十幾層(ceng)布(bu)縫制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)方形擦子(zi)(zi)(zi),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)滲著食油,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)擦鏊(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi),為(wei)防煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)粘(zhan)連鏊(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)揭(jie)不下來(lai)(lai)。
煎餅(bing)的吃(chi)法(fa),一般(ban)都要(yao)用煎餅(bing)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)豆腐,卷(juan)(juan)(juan)海帶絲,卷(juan)(juan)(juan)肉絲,卷(juan)(juan)(juan)油條(tiao),以及卷(juan)(juan)(juan)其(qi)他各(ge)種各(ge)樣菜肴。只要(yao)你能想到的,大概都可(ke)以卷(juan)(juan)(juan)進去(qu)。經典(dian)、普遍的吃(chi)法(fa),當(dang)屬煎餅(bing)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)大蔥了。拿一大塊煎餅(bing)對折幾下,放上大蔥,抹(mo)上辣的豆瓣醬或面醬,鮮嫩、水靈、味(wei)道十足(zu)。泰山(shan)人常(chang)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)小豆腐、山(shan)野菜、咸(xian)魚(yu)吃(chi) !
煎(jian)餅是魯西(xi)南(nan)地區的主食之一,長期以來備受人們(men)喜愛,煎(jian)餅中間加入韭菜、白(bai)菜、小瓜、胡(hu)(hu)蘿卜、等蔬菜,配以整辣椒(jiao)、胡(hu)(hu)椒(jiao)、孜然、粉(fen)條等佐料上(shang)鍋(guo)騰熟,即成營養豐富味道鮮(xian)美的菜煎(jian)餅。上(shang)市(shi)者多以熏豆腐為(wei)佳(jia)肴飲(yin)酒,佐餐。
滕州菜(cai)(cai)(cai)煎餅(bing)由兩張預先(xian)攤烙好的薄面餅(bing)中(zhong)間夾著菜(cai)(cai)(cai),在(zai)鍋(guo)上慢慢加(jia)熱(re)而成(cheng)。菜(cai)(cai)(cai)放在(zai)一旁,有白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、粉(fen)條、豆腐、蘿卜、小瓜(gua)、韭菜(cai)(cai)(cai)等素(su)菜(cai)(cai)(cai),根(gen)據客人要求可以再加(jia)雞蛋、火腿腸(chang)、或者任意能放的東西。每種菜(cai)(cai)(cai)裝在(zai)一個小盆里(li)面。這(zhe)是快做(zuo)好的菜(cai)(cai)(cai)煎餅(bing)。有一點點象比薩(sa)。吃起來,外焦里(li)軟,香氣撲鼻(bi),熱(re)氣騰騰,相(xiang)當的美味(wei)。加(jia)了(le)(le)一個雞蛋的菜(cai)(cai)(cai)煎餅(bing),才(cai)花不到(dao)五元錢,可以說是很劃算的。滕州菜(cai)(cai)(cai)煎餅(bing)缺點是吃起來比較干,如果有飲(yin)料或湯,就幾近完美了(le)(le)。
有句俗話說(shuo)(shuo):棒子(玉米)煎餅(bing)卷辣(la)椒,既解(jie)饞(chan)來(lai)又上膘,還(huan)治感冒(mao)和發燒。這(zhe)話說(shuo)(shuo)來(lai)并不夸(kua)張。摘了(le)幾個青辣(la)椒,放(fang)在火上一烤,接著抓把鹽一并放(fang)進蒜窩里(li)(li)。搗碎了(le),又倒點香油(you)。然后在煎餅(bing)里(li)(li)抹上厚(hou)厚(hou)的一層。津津有味地吃起來(lai)。頭(tou)上就冒(mao)汗了(le),嘴里(li)(li)直唏(xi)(xi)唏(xi)(xi),就是(shi)(shi)不舍得放(fang)下。肯定說(shuo)(shuo)解(jie)饞(chan),說(shuo)(shuo)帶勁。得出(chu)了(le)結論:怪(guai)不得滕州(zhou)的朋友豁達豪爽樸素(su)厚(hou)道,看來(lai)是(shi)(shi)吃這(zhe)棒子煎餅(bing)卷辣(la)椒的緣故。這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)一方水土養一方人嘛(ma)!
在臨沂吃煎餅卷菜還有特別的講究的:
豬(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)肉(rou)(rou):半肥瘦的(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)肉(rou)(rou),軟(ruan)糯(nuo)鮮香。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)在(zai)煎(jian)餅(bing)里毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肥膩(ni),吃得人(ren)滿嘴流油(you)。牛肉(rou)(rou)渣:用牛肉(rou)(rou)切碎、芹菜(cai)切碎,加(jia)蔥姜蒜(suan)辣椒花椒暴炒,熱(re)辣生猛。牛肉(rou)(rou)和(he)芹菜(cai)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)能包住(zhu)水分的(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi),卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)在(zai)煎(jian)餅(bing)里,看著(zhu)瓷實,咬著(zhu)卻(que)(que)滋潤,尤其那香氣,怎么摟也(ye)摟不(bu)(bu)(bu)住(zhu),簡(jian)直是(shi)(shi)透過煎(jian)餅(bing)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)往外散。拿牛肉(rou)(rou)渣卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)煎(jian)餅(bing)是(shi)(shi)讓人(ren)吃著(zhu)順(shun)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)。可惜(xi)一般人(ren)家(jia)做不(bu)(bu)(bu)好這(zhe)菜(cai)。方圓幾十里地(di),有家(jia)小(xiao)吃鋪做這(zhe)菜(cai)出名。出名到那鋪子只(zhi)做這(zhe)一道菜(cai)。你要(yao)別的(de)(de)(de)(de),絕(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)伺候(hou)。炸黃(huang)花魚(yu):小(xiao)黃(huang)花兒,炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)透骨酥脆,灑上椒鹽(yan)(yan)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)煎(jian)餅(bing)。口感絕(jue)佳(jia)風味(wei)絕(jue)佳(jia),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)只(zhi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)一兩層煎(jian)餅(bing)來吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果,像(xiang)吃烤(kao)鴨時(shi)用春餅(bing)包鴨肉(rou)(rou)那樣。而老臨(lin)沂人(ren)是(shi)(shi)照例要(yao)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)層,要(yao)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)很(hen)(hen)結實,卻(que)(que)也(ye)吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)很(hen)(hen)香。各(ge)種(zhong)咸菜(cai):干的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬的(de)(de)(de)(de)葷的(de)(de)(de)(de)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)行(xing),很(hen)(hen)硬派(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)搭配。辣椒:俗(su)話(hua)說要(yao)解饞,辣和(he)咸(山東話(hua)版本是(shi)(shi):要(yao)拉(la)饞,椒子鹽(yan)(yan))。油(you)炸干辣椒,撒一把糊鹽(yan)(yan),要(yao)是(shi)(shi)有煉豬(zhu)(zhu)油(you)剩下的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)渣那就更(geng)好了。拿這(zhe)樣一個煎(jian)餅(bing)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)給老沂蒙,那簡(jian)直是(shi)(shi)滿漢全席都(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)換。
對臨沂以外的(de)人來(lai)說,關于(yu)煎(jian)餅出(chu)名的(de)恐怕還(huan)是卷大(da)蔥。但這吃法(fa)只是早年間窮時的(de)舊(jiu)事了。有大(da)肥肉,誰還(huan)吃蔥啊。
淄(zi)博(bo)以博(bo)山(shan)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)為(wei)代(dai)表。在博(bo)山(shan)、淄(zi)川、周村南部(bu)及張店南部(bu)地區(qu)的居民喜吃煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing),并有“紅煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)”、“白煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)”之(zhi)分(fen)。“紅煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)”系用(yong)(yong)高粱攤制(zhi)而成(cheng),“白煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)”多用(yong)(yong)玉米或添加小米制(zhi)成(cheng)。與之(zhi)相伴的副(fu)食(shi)多具刺激性,大蔥蘸醬、咸菜炒辣(la)椒(jiao)就成(cheng)了(le)與大餅(bing)(bing)子相配的“就頭(tou)”了(le)。博(bo)山(shan)的酸(suan)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing),周村的甜煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing),西河的大煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)等(deng)等(deng)。
菜煎(jian)餅過去為淄博南部淄川(chuan)、博山等地(di)人民的主(zhu)食,菜煎(jian)餅是(shi)傳統吃法之(zhi)一(yi),堪為當(dang)地(di)風(feng)味一(yi)絕。主(zhu)要工(gong)序(xu)是(shi)拌(ban)(ban)餡(xian)和燒烙。制作方(fang)法是(shi)先將(jiang)豆腐、韭菜、粉條切碎,加蝦(xia)皮(pi)、調味品,用花生油炒(chao)熟(shu),拌(ban)(ban)勻成(cheng)(cheng)餡(xian),然(ran)后將(jiang)攤好的煎(jian)餅攤上(shang)餡(xian),再折疊(die)成(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)行、長方(fang)形或三角形,在鏊子上(shang)煎(jian)烙至熟(shu)呈深黃色,有(you)內(nei)軟(ruan)外(wai)脆、菜香(xiang)撲鼻(bi)之(zhi)特(te)色,即可食用。 有(you)的做法主(zhu)要是(shi)在小米煎(jian)餅里攤上(shang)由(you)豆腐、粉條、蝦(xia)皮(pi)、蔥(cong)末(mo)、韭菜和調味品拌(ban)(ban)合素餡(xian)烙成(cheng)(cheng),顧客(ke)坐在爐邊(bian)邊(bian)烙邊(bian)吃,香(xiang)酥可口(kou)。