糯米糍(ci)荔枝(zhi)分布在廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)、廣(guang)(guang)西等(deng)地,其(qi)中(zhong)以廣(guang)(guang)州,東(dong)(dong)莞(guan),增城(cheng),從化及(ji)高州等(deng)市為(wei)主(zhu)產區。
糯米糍荔枝為(wei)常綠高大喬木。植株生勢(shi)壯健,樹冠自然開(kai)張呈圓頭形(xing)或傘形(xing)。分(fen)枝角度(du)大,小枝較柔軟下垂(chui)。小葉(xie)披針形(xing),較窄小,葉(xie)緣明顯呈波(bo)紋狀。
該品種(zhong)有紅(hong)殼大(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品系與黃殼小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品系之分,常以紅(hong)殼大(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)型品種(zhong)為代表(biao),俗稱“雙(shuang)肩(jian)紅(hong)”。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)扁(bian)心形,平(ping)均單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)25克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮大(da)紅(hong),龜裂片(pian)縱向(xiang)明顯,粗且平(ping)緩(huan),無刺手感,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)明顯一邊高一邊低,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂渾圓,蒂部略凹。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉厚,乳白色半透(tou)明。核(he)小(xiao),種(zhong)子常敗育中(zhong)空(俗稱焦核(he))。可(ke)(ke)食(shi)率82%~86%。含(han)可(ke)(ke)溶性固形物(wu)19%~22%。100毫(hao)升(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含(han)維生素C20.4~30.8毫(hao)克,酸0.2克。口感濃厚,風味(wei)濃郁。
糯(nuo)米糍(ci)荔(li)枝(zhi)屬南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)果(guo)樹(shu),其(qi)生長(chang)、掛果(guo)與(yu)地(di)理(li)氣(qi)(qi)象條件有(you)著非(fei)常(chang)密(mi)切的(de)關系。以(yi)東(dong)莞(guan)為(wei)例(li),該(gai)地(di)區地(di)處南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai),北回歸線以(yi)南(nan),面臨海洋,常(chang)在(zai)季(ji)風控(kong)制(zhi)下,夏(xia)季(ji)高(gao)溫干旱(han),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫22℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均降雨量1768毫米,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日照時數1965小時。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)至翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)低溫、干旱(han),利于荔(li)枝(zhi)開花結果(guo);7~10月(yue)高(gao)溫多(duo)(duo)雨,利于荔(li)枝(zhi)梢生長(chang)。東(dong)莞(guan)丘陵(ling)地(di)群(qun)廣、緩坡地(di)甚多(duo)(duo),加上埔田面積大,因(yin)此適宜種(zhong)植荔(li)枝(zhi)的(de)面積很(hen)廣。東(dong)莞(guan)大嶺山、大朗一帶(dai)丘陵(ling)、山地(di)眾多(duo)(duo),土層(ceng)深(shen)厚,有(you)機(ji)質和礦物元素豐富(fu),土壤疏松透氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)能好,為(wei)微酸性(xing)的(de)沙質紅壤,這些都非(fei)常(chang)利于糯(nuo)米糍(ci)荔(li)枝(zhi)的(de)生長(chang)。