《越絕外傳記寶(bao)劍》第十三
昔者,越王句踐有寶劍五,聞於天下。客有能相劍者,名薛燭。王召而問之,曰:「吾有寶(bao)(bao)(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)五,請以(yi)示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。」薛燭(zhu)對曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「愚理不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)言,大王(wang)(wang)(wang)請,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)已(yi)。」乃召掌者,王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)取(qu)毫(hao)曹。薛燭(zhu)對曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「毫(hao)曹,非(fei)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)。夫寶(bao)(bao)(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),五色并見,莫(mo)能(neng)相勝。毫(hao)曹已(yi)擅名矣(yi),非(fei)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)。」王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「取(qu)巨(ju)闕。」薛燭(zhu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「非(fei)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者,金錫(xi)和銅而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)離(li)。今(jin)巨(ju)闕已(yi)離(li)矣(yi),非(fei)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)。」王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「然巨(ju)闕初成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),吾(wu)坐(zuo)於露壇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,宮人有(you)(you)四駕(jia)白鹿而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)過者,車奔鹿驚,吾(wu)引(yin)(yin)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)指之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),四駕(jia)上飛揚,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)其(qi)絕(jue)也(ye)。穿銅釜,絕(jue)鐵?,胥中決如(ru)粢米,故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)巨(ju)闕。」王(wang)(wang)(wang)取(qu)純鈞(jun)(jun)(jun),薛燭(zhu)聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),忽如(ru)敗(bai)。有(you)(you)頃,懼如(ru)悟(wu)。下(xia)(xia)階(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)深惟,簡(jian)衣而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)坐(zuo)望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。手振(zhen)拂揚,其(qi)華捽如(ru)芙蓉始出(chu)。觀(guan)其(qi)釽,爛如(ru)列星之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing);觀(guan)其(qi)光,渾渾如(ru)水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溢於塘(tang);觀(guan)其(qi)斷,巖(yan)巖(yan)如(ru)瑣(suo)石;觀(guan)其(qi)才,煥煥如(ru)冰釋。「此(ci)所謂純鈞(jun)(jun)(jun)耶?」王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「是也(ye)。客有(you)(you)直之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,有(you)(you)市(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉二(er),駿馬(ma)千疋,千戶(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都二(er),可乎?」薛燭(zhu)對曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):「不(bu)(bu)(bu)可。當造此(ci)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),赤堇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山,破而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)出(chu)錫(xi);若耶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溪,涸而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)出(chu)銅;雨師(shi)掃(sao)灑(sa),雷公(gong)擊橐;蛟龍捧鑪,天(tian)帝裝(zhuang)炭;太一(yi)下(xia)(xia)觀(guan),天(tian)精下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。歐冶(ye)乃因(yin)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精神,悉其(qi)伎巧(qiao),造為(wei)大刑(xing)三、小(xiao)刑(xing)二(er):一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)湛(zhan)盧,二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)純鈞(jun)(jun)(jun),三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)勝邪,四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)魚(yu)腸(chang)(chang),五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)巨(ju)闕。吳(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)闔廬(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),得(de)其(qi)勝邪、魚(yu)腸(chang)(chang)、湛(zhan)盧。闔廬(lu)無(wu)道,子(zi)女死(si),殺生(sheng)以(yi)送之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。湛(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)水,行(xing)秦過楚,楚王(wang)(wang)(wang)臥(wo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寤,得(de)吳(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)湛(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),將(jiang)首(shou)魁漂而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)存焉。秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)聞而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de),興師(shi)擊楚,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):『與我湛(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),還(huan)師(shi)去汝(ru)。』楚王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)與。時(shi)闔廬(lu)又以(yi)魚(yu)腸(chang)(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)刺吳(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)僚,使(shi)披腸(chang)(chang)夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甲三事。闔廬(lu)使(shi)專諸為(wei)奏(zou)炙(zhi)魚(yu)者,引(yin)(yin)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)刺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遂弒(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)僚。此(ci)其(qi)小(xiao)試(shi)於敵邦,未見其(qi)大用於天(tian)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)。今(jin)赤堇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山已(yi)合,若耶溪深而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)測。群神不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia),歐冶(ye)子(zi)即死(si)。雖復傾城量(liang)金,珠(zhu)玉竭河,猶不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)得(de)此(ci)一(yi)物(wu),有(you)(you)市(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉二(er)、駿馬(ma)千疋、千戶(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都二(er),何足(zu)言哉(zai)!
純鈞是一把尊貴無雙之(zhi)劍。春秋時(shi)期(qi),一個風和(he)日麗的(de)(de)午后(hou),經過數年臥薪嘗膽終于擊(ji)敗吳國的(de)(de)越王勾踐,睡(shui)了(le)一個甜美的(de)(de)午覺醒了(le)過來,心情非常舒(shu)暢(chang)。飲了(le)一壺上好的(de)(de)龍井新(xin)茶后(hou),勾踐興致勃勃地派手下去找一個人(ren)(ren)。這個人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)是薛燭(zhu)。薛燭(zhu)是秦國人(ren)(ren),此時(shi)正在越國游歷。薛燭(zhu)雖然年紀(ji)輕輕,但卻(que)已經名動(dong)列(lie)國,被人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)為天下第(di)一相劍大(da)師。不大(da)一會兒,眉清(qing)目秀文質彬(bin)(bin)彬(bin)(bin)的(de)(de)薛燭(zhu)就(jiu)趕來了(le)。賓主一番客套(tao)寒暄之(zhi)后(hou),就(jiu)帶著隨(sui)從來到室外寬(kuan)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)露(lu)臺之(zhi)上。
越王勾(gou)踐(jian)酷愛(ai)刀(dao)劍(jian),這(zhe)個露(lu)臺高(gao)達數丈,氣勢(shi)舒張,光線(xian)充沛,專門用(yong)來(lai)(lai)看劍(jian)賞刀(dao)。落座之后,勾(gou)踐(jian)掃了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)眼(yan)身邊(bian)的薛(xue)燭,心(xin)想這(zhe)個年輕人雖然年紀(ji)輕輕但(dan)卻(que)閱(yue)劍(jian)無數,一(yi)般刀(dao)劍(jian)肯定難入(ru)他的法眼(yan),于是,勾(gou)踐(jian)一(yi)開口就叫手下取來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)自己頗為(wei)得意的寶(bao)劍(jian):毫曹。哪知,薛(xue)燭走馬(ma)觀花地(di)看了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)遍(bian),隨便地(di)說了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)句(ju):“這(zhe)兩(liang)把劍(jian)都有缺點,毫曹和(he)巨闕。哪知,薛(xue)燭對二者并無佳評:“這(zhe)兩(liang)把劍(jian)都有缺點,毫曹光華(hua)散淡,巨闕質地(di)趨粗,不能算(suan)寶(bao)劍(jian)。”
勾踐(jian)頗感意外,覺得很沒面子,他(ta)想(xiang)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)想(xiang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)咬(yao)牙(ya),俯在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個貼身侍從(cong)耳(er)邊吩咐了(le)(le)幾(ji)句,過了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)兒,侍從(cong)率領幾(ji)百(bai)個鐵(tie)(tie)甲(jia)武士護送(song)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)把(ba)寶劍(jian)(jian)(jian)來(lai)到臺(tai)下(xia)。薛(xue)燭(zhu)感到好(hao)笑,問道(dao)(dao)(dao):“大(da)(da)王這(zhe)么興師(shi)(shi)動眾,拿來(lai)的(de)是(shi)(shi)什么劍(jian)(jian)(jian)啊?”勾踐(jian)對薛(xue)燭(zhu)的(de)態度(du)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)絲不快(kuai),他(ta)沒好(hao)氣地(di)(di)吐出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)兩個字:“純鈞”。只聽見(jian)“咣啷(lang)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)(sheng),薛(xue)燭(zhu)從(cong)座(zuo)位上仰面摔倒,束(shu)發(fa)的(de)金釵掉在地(di)(di)上,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)長發(fa)披散下(xia)來(lai),面色突然凝住、呆(dai)滯。好(hao)大(da)(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)兒,才突然驚醒(xing),只見(jian)他(ta)腳(jiao)尖點(dian)地(di)(di)幾(ji)個縱(zong)躍掠下(xia)臺(tai)階,來(lai)到劍(jian)(jian)(jian)前,深深一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)躬,然后又表情肅然地(di)(di)整(zheng)理好(hao)自己(ji)的(de)衣服,從(cong)侍者手中(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)過寶劍(jian)(jian)(jian),小心翼翼地(di)(di)敲了(le)(le)幾(ji)敲掂了(le)(le)幾(ji)掂之(zhi)后方才將劍(jian)(jian)(jian)從(cong)鞘中(zhong)(zhong)緩緩拔出(chu)(chu)。只見(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)團光(guang)華綻放而(er)(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)宛(wan)如(ru)出(chu)(chu)水(shui)的(de)芙(fu)蓉雍容而(er)(er)(er)清(qing)冽(lie),劍(jian)(jian)(jian)柄上的(de)雕飾如(ru)星宿(su)運(yun)行(xing)閃(shan)出(chu)(chu)深邃的(de)光(guang)芒,劍(jian)(jian)(jian)身、陽光(guang)渾然一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體象(xiang)清(qing)水(shui)漫過池塘從(cong)容而(er)(er)(er)舒緩,而(er)(er)(er)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)刃就象(xiang)壁(bi)立千丈的(de)斷崖崇高(gao)而(er)(er)(er)巍峨……過了(le)(le)好(hao)久,薛(xue)燭(zhu)才用顫(zhan)抖的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)音問道(dao)(dao)(dao):“這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)純鈞嗎(ma)?!”勾踐(jian)點(dian)了(le)(le)點(dian)頭(tou):“是(shi)(shi),”他(ta)得意地(di)(di)接(jie)著說道(dao)(dao)(dao):“有人要用千匹駿馬三處富鄉兩座(zuo)大(da)(da)城來(lai)換(huan)這(zhe)把(ba)寶劍(jian)(jian)(jian),你(ni)看行(xing)嗎(ma)?”薛(xue)燭(zhu)連忙(mang)說道(dao)(dao)(dao):“不能換(huan)。”勾踐(jian)做作地(di)(di)皺了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)眉(mei)頭(tou)問道(dao)(dao)(dao):“為(wei)(wei)什么?你(ni)說說道(dao)(dao)(dao)理。”薛(xue)燭(zhu)激動地(di)(di)大(da)(da)聲(sheng)(sheng)對道(dao)(dao)(dao):“因為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)天(tian)人共鑄(zhu)的(de)不二(er)之(zhi)作。為(wei)(wei)鑄(zhu)這(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)(jian),千年赤堇山山破而(er)(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)錫(xi),萬載若耶江(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)干涸而(er)(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)銅(tong)。鑄(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)時,雷(lei)公打鐵(tie)(tie),雨娘淋水(shui),蛟龍捧爐,天(tian)帝裝(zhuang)炭(tan)。鑄(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)師(shi)(shi)歐冶子承(cheng)天(tian)之(zhi)命嘔(ou)心瀝血與眾神(shen)鑄(zhu)磨(mo)十載此劍(jian)(jian)(jian)方成。劍(jian)(jian)(jian)成之(zhi)后,眾神(shen)歸天(tian),赤堇山閉合(he)如(ru)初,若耶江(jiang)(jiang)波濤再(zai)起,歐冶子也(ye)力盡(jin)神(shen)竭而(er)(er)(er)亡(wang),這(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)已成絕(jue)唱,區(qu)區(qu)駿馬城池何(he)足(zu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)哉……”勾踐(jian)滿(man)意地(di)(di)頻頻點(dian)頭(tou):“說得有理,既是(shi)(shi)無價之(zhi)寶,我就永遠把(ba)它(ta)珍藏吧。
故(gu)事見于(yu)《越絕書》。
越王(wang)允常命歐(ou)冶子(zi)鑄造了五把寶劍(jian),歐(ou)冶乃因天之精神(shen),悉其伎巧,造為(wei)大刑三(san)、小(xiao)刑二:一曰(yue)湛盧,二曰(yue)純鈞(jun),三(san)曰(yue)勝邪,四曰(yue)魚腸(chang),五曰(yue)巨闕。并稱(cheng)越五劍(jian)。
1.圣道之劍:軒轅夏禹
2.仁道之劍:湛盧(lu)
3.帝道之劍(jian):赤霄(xiao)
4.威道之劍:泰阿
5.誠信之劍(jian):七星龍淵
6/7.摯情之劍:干將(jiang)/莫(mo)邪
8. 勇絕之劍:魚腸
9.尊貴無雙之(zhi)劍:純鈞
10.精致優雅之劍:承影