青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始于商(shang)代。那個時(shi)候(hou),它的劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)(shen)一(yi)般較(jiao)短,形狀就(jiu)像柳樹的葉子,制作也比較(jiao)粗糙。春秋晚期以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou),青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的制作達到(dao)成(cheng)熟,“越(yue)王勾踐”的故(gu)事(shi)就(jiu)發生(sheng)在這個時(shi)期。此(ci)(ci)時(shi)的青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)(shen)普遍被加長到(dao)五六(liu)十(shi)厘米(mi)。一(yi)把青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要由劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)(shen)和劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)莖(jing)兩部分組成(cheng),所謂劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)“莖(jing)”就(jiu)是(shi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的把手。在劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)莖(jing)和劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)(shen)之間還(huan)有一(yi)塊凸起來的隔(ge)板,叫做(zuo)“格”。比較(jiao)講究的青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),“格”的上面都有一(yi)些裝飾(shi)物(wu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)顯示使用(yong)者的身(shen)(shen)份和地位。這些裝飾(shi)通常使用(yong)玉質材料,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)這種劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也叫“玉首劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”。西漢以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou),鐵(tie)制兵器完(wan)全取(qu)代了(le)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)兵器,青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)從(cong)此(ci)(ci)退出了(le)歷史舞臺。
秦始(shi)皇兵(bing)(bing)馬俑(yong),作為“世界第八大奇跡”,是二十世紀最(zui)偉大考(kao)古發現之一!隨同(tong)兵(bing)(bing)馬俑(yong)一道,同(tong)時出(chu)土一批(pi)青銅劍,劍身光亮(liang)平滑,刃部磨紋細膩,地下沉睡兩千多(duo)年,光亮(liang)如新,鋒利無比。
無獨(du)有偶,考古(gu)隊在(zai)挖(wa)掘春秋古(gu)墓時,意外發(fa)現(xian)一把越王勾踐劍,做工精細,削鐵如泥(ni),兩(liang)大考古(gu)發(fa)現(xian)立即(ji)傳(chuan)遍大江南(nan)北(bei),更大奇(qi)跡還在(zai)后面,經過科(ke)研人(ren)員檢測,寶(bao)劍鋒面有一層鉻鹽化合物,此為千年(nian)不銹(xiu)之故(gu)。
這一發(fa)現轟(hong)動世界,因(yin)為這種鉻鹽氧化(hua)處理方法,是(shi)近代先(xian)(xian)進工藝,德(de)國在1937年(nian),美國在1950年(nian)先(xian)(xian)后發(fa)明并(bing)申請專利(li)。
眾所周知,鉻是(shi)一種稀有金屬,熔(rong)點高(gao)達4000攝(she)氏度,提(ti)取甚為不易(yi)。現代科(ke)學發明,竟然出現在(zai)公元前(qian)兩百多年(nian)前(qian)?又有誰(shui)能想(xiang)象,秦(qin)始皇手中之劍,竟然是(shi)現代科(ke)學結晶?層層謎團(tuan),孰是(shi)孰非,只能成為千(qian)古之謎。