梁王(wang)山(shan)(shan)位于澄江、呈貢兩縣之(zhi)(zhi)間,離昆明40余公里(li),山(shan)(shan)自南而(er)北(bei),綿亙百(bai)多公里(li)。山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)雄偉壯麗、氣(qi)勢(shi)博(bo)大,西面(mian)峭壁千(qian)仞、挺拔(ba)險峻,東面(mian)群峰簇擁(yong),古(gu)木參天,最高海拔(ba)2820米,為(wei)(wei)滇(dian)中(zhong)第一高峰。方圓數(shu)百(bai)里(li)盡收(shou)眼底(di),且“一山(shan)(shan)觀三(san)海”,夏秋之(zhi)(zhi)季時見(jian)頂峰籠罩,或許白云環繞山(shan)(shan)腰,多為(wei)(wei)有雨(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),秋日山(shan)(shan)花爛漫(man),繁華似錦,故有“梁峰兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)雨(yu)、白云兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)雨(yu)、羅藏(zang)秋色(se)”之(zhi)(zhi)景。
梁王山(shan)(shan)素有(you)“滇中第一(yi)(yi)名(ming)山(shan)(shan),云南王者之(zhi)山(shan)(shan)”的美(mei)稱,有(you)“一(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)分(fen)四(si)(si)季,四(si)(si)時景(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)”之(zhi)美(mei)譽,有(you)“四(si)(si)面不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)景(jing),十(shi)里不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)天”之(zhi)獨(du)特景(jing)致(zhi),是澄江十(shi)景(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
“早觀日(ri)出晚觀霞,俯眺江湖(hu)仰望霧(wu)。”“春(chun)看杜鵑花爛漫(man),夏(xia)(xia)日(ri)涼風送(song)爽(shuang)來,秋(qiu)(qiu)深(shen)紅楓鋪錦繡,冬雪(xue)銀妝玉瑤臺”和“春(chun)采(cai)蕨菜夏(xia)(xia)拾(shi)菌,秋(qiu)(qiu)摘野果冬撥筍(sun)”等民間(jian)佳謠,是梁王山的(de)(de)真實(shi)寫照。清(qing)初趙天(tian)官趙士(shi)麟七(qi)律《羅藏(zang)朝云(yun)》詩云(yun):“地連北(bei)斗郁巖,曉(xiao)起惟看旭景饒。一縷寒煙迷谷口,千錘(chui)百煉(lian)繞(rao)山腰。香(xiang)燈直到上方(fang)見,云(yun)靄應從亭午銷。華岳名高須讓此(ci)(ci),遙知神(shen)女(nv)紫鸞朝。”明代(dai)狀(zhuang)元翰林院修撰光祿寺少卿楊升庵也作有(you)“國(guo)色(se)朝酣(han)酒,天(tian)香(xiang)夜襲衣”的(de)(de)名句。此(ci)(ci)外,梁王山還留下了(le)著名旅行(xing)家(jia)、地理學家(jia)徐(xu)霞客的(de)(de)足跡。
梁王山(shan)(shan)為滇中第(di)一高山(shan)(shan),肩負著“一山(shan)(shan)挑兩江(jiang)和一山(shan)(shan)跨二縣(xian)”重任。以山(shan)(shan)顛為界,西側屬長(chang)江(jiang)水系,東南面屬珠江(jiang)水系,山(shan)(shan)體飛(fei)跨澄江(jiang)、呈(cheng)貢兩縣(xian)。山(shan)(shan)的西面雄(xiong)偉(wei)峻(jun)拔(ba)、神(shen)(shen)奇壯麗(li)、壁峭(qiao)千仞,鬼斧(fu)神(shen)(shen)工(gong),東面群峰簇擁,林木蒼天,郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥,神(shen)(shen)秘(mi)莫測(ce),令人心往向之。人游其中,寂(ji)靜清(qing)幽(you),云霧繚繞(rao),使人產生新奇險妙(miao)的感(gan)覺。來到(dao)山(shan)(shan)頭(tou),風蕩蕩而情動,云飄飄而神(shen)(shen)飛(fei),天空潔(jie)凈無染,湛(zhan)藍俊秀(xiu)。
“萬(wan)古鐘靈(ling)奇(qi),元氣(qi)寒高(gao)厚,何處是陡巔(dian),披(pi)襟天左右。”這(zhe)些詩句寫出(chu)了梁(liang)(liang)王山(shan)主(zhu)峰(feng)磅礴的(de)氣(qi)勢。登(deng)東(dong)山(shan)而(er)小魯(lu),登(deng)泰山(shan)而(er)小天下,登(deng)梁(liang)(liang)王山(shan)而(er)小滇(dian)中,立于(yu)山(shan)巔(dian),令人心曠(kuang)神怡,真有(you)“居高(gao)臨下,萬(wan)山(shan)來朝(chao)”之感。縱山(shan)觀“四海(hai)”,放眼望“三江”,可以(yi)讓你(ni)登(deng)一峰(feng)而(er)飽覽滇(dian)池(chi)、撫(fu)仙湖、星云湖、陽(yang)宗海(hai)和南(nan)(nan)盤江、盤龍江、螳螂川(chuan)秀麗(li)湖光。南(nan)(nan)有(you)容貌綺麗(li),氣(qi)質清嫻的(de)撫(fu)仙湖和星云湖。西有(you)光滑透亮如橫臥(wo)巨鯨般的(de)五百里滇(dian)池(chi)。東(dong)北(bei)有(you)水如碧玉(yu)的(de)高(gao)原明珠(zhu)陽(yang)宗海(hai)。南(nan)(nan)有(you)玉(yu)溪河(he),云遮(zhe)霧擋,忽(hu)隱忽(hu)現。西南(nan)(nan)有(you)螳螂川(chuan),波光閃閃,靜靜流(liu)淌。東(dong)有(you)南(nan)(nan)盤江,繞如白(bai)練,隱入山(shan)谷(gu)。
碧波蕩漾的(de)(de)“萬畝草場”、如同(tong)(tong)仙境的(de)(de)“羅藏(zang)朝云(yun)”、千年一遇(yu)“五(wu)(wu)彩瀑(pu)布”、連綿起伏的(de)(de)十八個(ge)綠色“蒙古包”等氣勢磅(bang)礴的(de)(de)風(feng)光,使梁王(wang)山顯(xian)得格外壯(zhuang)觀。3—5月間盛(sheng)開的(de)(de)映山紅、杜鵑花(hua)(hua),小石崗(gang)、吃水不(bu)彎腰、一碗水等等眾多優(you)美的(de)(de)風(feng)光,把梁王(wang)山裝點得格外秀(xiu)美,吸(xi)引眾多游客流連忘返。苦蕎粑粑蘸蜂(feng)蜜(mi)、高(gao)原老(lao)蠟肉、烤全羊、純天然的(de)(de)野生菌和(he)山毛野菜(cai),令(ling)人(ren)(ren)饞涎流欲(yu)。1984年,山清水秀(xiu)、人(ren)(ren)杰地靈、僅有97人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)小村莊菜(cai)花(hua)(hua)坪,同(tong)(tong)年“一門三進士,全村五(wu)(wu)登科”的(de)(de)奇跡,讓人(ren)(ren)驚嘆不(bu)已。同(tong)(tong)時高(gao)山森林(lin)氣候又(you)在盛(sheng)夏為游客提供了(le)清新潔凈的(de)(de)森林(lin)空氣及良好的(de)(de)避暑休(xiu)閑勝地。
梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)坐(zuo)落在(zai)滇中小江斷裂(lie)地(di)(di)帶(dai)東(dong)部邊緣(yuan),位于澄(cheng)江市西(xi)北隅,距澄(cheng)江市城12公里,距省會昆(kun)明40公里。山(shan)脈自(zi)西(xi)北向東(dong)南(nan)方(fang)傾(qing)斜延(yan)伸,東(dong)與南(nan)盤江相接,南(nan)連(lian)澄(cheng)江壩子(zi)、西(xi)北與呈貢縣毗鄰,是撫仙湖(hu)北面(mian)、陽宗海(hai)南(nan)面(mian)的天然屏障。地(di)(di)勢北高(gao)南(nan)低(di),最高(gao)海(hai)拔2820米(梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)山(shan)頂電視塔處(chu)),最低(di)海(hai)拔2000米(梁(liang)王(wang)河水(shui)庫附近),相對高(gao)差820米,為(wei)滇中第一高(gao)峰。地(di)(di)處(chu)東(dong)經102°52'45"—102°55'15",北緯24°43'57"—24°27'28",
梁王山屬北亞(ya)熱帶低(di)緯(wei)高原季風氣候(hou)區,氣候(hou)溫和、光(guang)照充(chong)足、干濕(shi)明顯(xian)、雨熱同(tong)季,有光(guang)溫不同(tong)步的氣候(hou)特征。年平(ping)均氣溫11.7℃,最(zui)高月(yue)(七月(yue))平(ping)均氣溫16.1℃,最(zui)低(di)月(yue)(1月(yue))平(ping)均氣溫6.1℃,歷年個別(bie)短時期極端最(zui)低(di)氣溫可達-3.9℃—10.2℃。年降雨量1100—1400毫米,相對(dui)濕(shi)度76%。冬季霜(shuang)凍較為頻(pin)繁,梁王山霜(shuang)期日(ri)數一(yi)般平(ping)均92—144天,全(quan)年多為南風。土壤(rang)類型多垂直分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)明顯(xian),海拔在(zai)1800—2400米之間為紅壤(rang)、紫色土交替(ti)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)地(di)帶,紫色土分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)較狹,土層中或厚,酸性。
梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),古(gu)稱裝(zhuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。據(ju)《東漢(han)志(zhi)》云:裝(zhuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)出銅,即指(zhi)梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)出銅,但(dan)《后漢(han)郡國志(zhi)》說(shuo)“俞元懷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)出銅,非(fei)裝(zhuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也”。這就(jiu)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)裝(zhuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不產銅,至(zhi)今也未發現有(you)銅,以(yi)此考證說(shuo)明(ming)(ming),梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)稱裝(zhuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而非(fei)懷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。當地(di)還相傳:昔有(you)虎(hu)(hu)自碧雞關渡滇池(chi)竄到(dao)梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為民害,土(tu)人造(zao)柵(zha)取之(zhi),蠻語稱“虎(hu)(hu)”為“羅”,“柵(zha)”呼(hu)之(zhi)為“藏(zang)”,“虎(hu)(hu)柵(zha)”為“羅藏(zang)”,故又稱為羅藏(zang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。元朝時(shi),梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上立砦,明(ming)(ming)初梁(liang)王(wang)把匝剌瓦爾密聽說(shuo)曲靖被明(ming)(ming)軍攻破(po),逃入羅藏(zang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),來來去(qu)去(qu),便又將羅藏(zang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)呼(hu)為梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),沿襲至(zhi)今。
梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)生態(tai)旅(lv)游(you)(you)度假區(qu)(qu)(qu)位于昆(kun)明市東(dong)南方向,地(di)(di)處(chu)呈貢縣東(dong)南部,距(ju)昆(kun)明市32公(gong)里,距(ju)昆(kun)玉公(gong)路8公(gong)里,馬澄公(gong)路1.4公(gong)里,是昆(kun)明至撫(fu)仙湖的(de)必經(jing)之(zhi)路,交通極為便利。旅(lv)游(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)恰(qia)處(chu)在(zai)昆(kun)明地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)游(you)(you)熱(re)點的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心地(di)(di)(西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、石林(lin)、澄江、陽宗海等旅(lv)游(you)(you)熱(re)點環(huan)繞(rao)四周),地(di)(di)理位置(zhi)得天獨厚,旅(lv)游(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)位于滇中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主峰梁(liang)王(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腹心,占地(di)(di)12000畝(mu),植被覆蓋率60%左右,區(qu)(qu)(qu)內梁(liang)王(wang)湖(橫沖水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku))面(mian)積1000余(yu)畝(mu),總(zong)庫(ku)容1000 萬立方米,湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)清澈甘甜,無(wu)污染。其(qi)流域地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)形(xing)似蛙狀之(zhi)島深入庫(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),與(yu)東(dong)面(mian)伸露(lu)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)態(tai)如龜的(de)島嶼相距(ju)不到百(bai)米,兩島相映成趣,湖光山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)色,格外秀麗。西(xi)岸(an)為蘑(mo)菇(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大(da)壩相連。蘑(mo)菇(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),雞叫山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森(sen)林(lin)茂密,濃蔭蔽日,四季花果飄香(xiang),北(bei)岸(an)為土林(lin)景觀,水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)四周一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬多畝(mu)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個湖岸(an)曲折,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢起伏多變的(de)優良環(huan)境(jing),是一(yi)(yi)(yi)個旅(lv)游(you)(you)度假的(de)理想場(chang)所。
由于海拔高差(cha)懸殊,氣(qi)溫垂直變化大,使(shi)梁王山蘊藏了(le)豐富的(de)資源(yuan)。
梁王(wang)山總面積(ji)34281畝(mu)(mu),其中林(lin)(lin)業用(yong)地(di)(di)面積(ji)28702畝(mu)(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)83.7%,非林(lin)(lin)業用(yong)地(di)(di)面積(ji)5578畝(mu)(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)16.3%。在林(lin)(lin)業用(yong)地(di)(di)中,有(you)林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面積(ji)20710畝(mu)(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)72.1%;灌木(mu)(mu)林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)2835畝(mu)(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)9.9%;未成林(lin)(lin)造林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)5157畝(mu)(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)17.9%。梁王(wang)山有(you)林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)覆蓋率60%,灌木(mu)(mu)林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)覆蓋率8.3%。活立木(mu)(mu)總蓄積(ji)55040立方米。植物種類形成了以(yi)華(hua)山松為(wei)主,分布有(you)云(yun)南(nan)松、榿(qi)木(mu)(mu),云(yun)南(nan)油(you)杉(shan)(shan)、柏(bo)樹、杉(shan)(shan)木(mu)(mu)、柳杉(shan)(shan)、野櫻(ying)桃等(deng),灌木(mu)(mu)以(yi)杜鵑花科植物為(wei)主,分布有(you)箭(jian)竹(zhu)、野女貞、鹽膚木(mu)(mu),金絲桃、水紅木(mu)(mu)、梁王(wang)茶、楊梅、南(nan)燭、水馬桑、救金糧等(deng);中草(cao)藥有(you)半(ban)夏、茯苓、草(cao)烏、重螻、龍膽草(cao)、野黨參、芍藥等(deng)上(shang)百種。
保護區(qu)分布有豹貓、穿山甲、狐貍(li)、蟒蛇等多(duo)種國(guo)家二(er)(er)級保護動(dong)物,錦(jin)雞、麂(ji)子、貓頭(tou)鷹、草豬、九節(jie)靈、花臉獐等多(duo)種省二(er)(er)級保護動(dong)物,還有其它眾多(duo)的野生動(dong)物。