發展歷史
武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)又(you)名北湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、黃(huang)漢(han)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。在(zai)長(chang)江(jiang)北岸，跨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北省武漢(han)市的黃(huang)陂區武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)街道，歷(li)史上(shang)的武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，煙波浩渺，南通(tong)長(chang)江(jiang)，北連灄水，是演練(lian)水軍的理想之所。早(zao)在(zai)2000年前，武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)便(bian)以“武”出名。據《廣輿》記(ji)載：東漢(han)江(jiang)夏太守黃(huang)祖常率領(ling)水軍到湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中操練(lian)，并將(jiang)(jiang)其坐騎(qi)拴在(zai)附近的辛店馬場廟，而被湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水浸濕的鎧甲，則(ze)晾(liang)曬在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)心島的山坡(po)上(shang)。后(hou)來(lai)晾(liang)甲的小山坡(po)名為晾(liang)甲山，黃(huang)漢(han)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)則(ze)更名為武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。因(yin)這(zhe)里是水陸通(tong)達長(chang)江(jiang)的五通(tong)口岸，軍事要(yao)沖(chong)，土地又(you)肥美(mei)，歷(li)來(lai)成(cheng)為兵家必(bi)爭之地。東漢(han)末年，名將(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)祖在(zai)此(ci)(ci)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)練(lian)武、練(lian)兵，命名武湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。此(ci)(ci)后(hou)，三國(guo)名將(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)聘、孫(sun)權、孫(sun)壹(yi)，東晉朱伺(si)，南朝(chao)梁武帝，宋朝(chao)管如德，元朝(chao)伯顏，元末天完政權倪文(wen)俊(jun)、明(ming)朝(chao)開國(guo)將(jiang)(jiang)領(ling)、濟陽(yang)郡(jun)公丁普郎、民國(guo)胡龍驤等(deng)人(ren)都曾在(zai)此(ci)(ci)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)畔練(lian)武。
武湖規模
河流堰塞湖。水(shui)(shui)位21.00m，長(chang)8.8km，最大(da)寬5.3km，平(ping)均寬2.4km；歷史最大(da)面積237.0平(ping)方公(gong)里，50年代(dai)初為121.2平(ping)方公(gong)里，60年代(dai)后期減為55.2平(ping)方公(gong)里，經(jing)多次(ci)圍墾(ken)后現有面積21.2平(ping)方公(gong)里；最大(da)水(shui)(shui)深(shen)4.2m，平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)深(shen)2.6m，蓄水(shui)(shui)量0.55億立方米。
湖(hu)北省武(wu)(wu)(wu)漢市黃陂(po)區(qu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)，因“武(wu)(wu)(wu)”得名，因“文”添彩，因“綠(lv)”增輝。黃陂(po)南部武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)涉(she)及我區(qu)近100平方公里。武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)農(nong)耕年華生(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)，經過幾年建設(she)，已經形成(cheng)了全(quan)國(guo)知名、全(quan)省樣板的種類結(jie)合科技農(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)。湖(hu)區(qu)占(zhan)地(di)面積現已突破5萬(wan)畝。以(yi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)、后(hou)湖(hu)、木蘭湖(hu)、梅竹松湖(hu)等為依托，發展以(yi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)漁業(ye)(ye)、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)水禽為主要特色(se)的水上生(sheng)態(tai)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)。
武湖水鄉
武(wu)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)鄉位于(yu)武(wu)湖(hu)街中(zhong)部(bu)，緊鄰泵站河，在漢施公路以北、三里橋街道以南(nan)，，項目計劃集并張灣、王新泗、周(zhou)灣、蔡家咀、扇子(zi)湖(hu)等5個自(zi)然(ran)灣，面積1927畝(mu)。該項目依托水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)營造(zao)花田濕地、夢幻水(shui)(shui)鄉特色，注(zhu)入農墾文化(hua)，打造(zao)以觀光旅(lv)游(you)、農業(ye)體(ti)驗、養生度假和商務(wu)休閑為主(zhu)導的主(zhu)題旅(lv)游(you)服務(wu)體(ti)系。
“武(wu)湖(hu)煙(yan)(yan)漲(zhang)”為黃陂十景之(zhi)一(yi)，傳說昔(xi)日武(wu)湖(hu)以奇特的(de)自(zi)然景觀著稱。每逢(feng)清晨(chen)，水(shui)氣升騰，濃霧(wu)繚繞(rao)，形成(cheng)“水(shui)漲(zhang)船頭(tou)曉霧(wu)橫，拍波(bo)鴻鶩(mu)弄春晴”的(de)壯麗景觀。迨(dai)至夕照銜山，又(you)是“最愛晚霞(xia)剛幾點，晴光(guang)萬里霎時(shi)橫”之(zhi)滿湖(hu)煙(yan)(yan)罩殘霞(xia)的(de)景色(se)。唐(tang)朝崔顥(hao)詠黃鶴樓(lou)詩中“煙(yan)(yan)波(bo)江(jiang)上”之(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)波(bo)即是描寫(xie)此(ci)景。規劃(hua)在張灣村內(nei)建設煙(yan)(yan)波(bo)花(hua)園，利(li)用科技手段再現煙(yan)(yan)波(bo)之(zhi)景。
武湖(hu)自然保護區(qu)屬于亞熱(re)帶濕(shi)潤(run)季風氣(qi)候區(qu)，冬冷(leng)夏熱(re),四季分明，光照充(chong)(chong)足，氣(qi)候溫(wen)濕(shi)，雨(yu)量充(chong)(chong)沛，無霜(shuang)期(qi)長。區(qu)內(nei)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)16.7度，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)雨(yu)量1240毫(hao)米，是湖(hu)北省多雨(yu)區(qu)之一，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)日(ri)數138.2天(tian)(tian)，暴雨(yu)日(ri)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6.5天(tian)(tian)，無霜(shuang)期(qi)267天(tian)(tian)。夏秋季為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)豐水(shui)期(qi)，汛(xun)期(qi)來水(shui)量多達2.3億立方米，冬春季為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)枯水(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)深2米，形成灘涂、沼澤，與人工(gong)濕(shi)地相(xiang)連的生態系統，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)濕(shi)地水(shui)禽(qin)提(ti)供優良的避(bi)風場(chang)所(suo)，使這里成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鳥類(lei)的天(tian)(tian)堂。
武湖地(di)區(qu)人為活動(dong)少，無污(wu)染，水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良(liang)。根據1999年國家(jia)對(dui)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量檢(jian)測標(biao)準，檢(jian)測武湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)無論是(shi)(shi)PH值(zhi)、硫酸(suan)鹽、硝(xiao)酸(suan)鹽、亞硝(xiao)酸(suan)鹽、氧化(hua)物、溶解(jie)性(xing)鐵、溶解(jie)氧，還是(shi)(shi)化(hua)學(xue)需(xu)(xu)氧量和(he)生化(hua)需(xu)(xu)氧量都達(da)到了(le)(le)國家(jia)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)二級以(yi)上水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準。水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的物理和(he)化(hua)學(xue)性(xing)質(zhi)真實地(di)反(fan)映了(le)(le)武湖具有水(shui)(shui)(shui)草茂盛，湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)清澈，人為活動(dong)干擾極(ji)(ji)小的特點，是(shi)(shi)一個結構合理、功能齊全的優良(liang)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖泊生態(tai)系統(tong)。保護區(qu)及周邊生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保持著自(zi)然或半自(zi)然狀態(tai)，為水(shui)(shui)(shui)生動(dong)植(zhi)物提供了(le)(le)極(ji)(ji)佳的棲育場所。
生物資源
武湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)(di)自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)野生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)豐(feng)富(fu)，武湖(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)區(qu)共有(you)(you)兩棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)動(dong)物18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)動(dong)物18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，哺乳類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)動(dong)物29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)103種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，維管(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)物476種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家二級重點保護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物粗梗水(shui)(shui)(shui)蕨種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)規模極(ji)大，豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)自(zi)然資(zi)源(yuan)及得天(tian)獨(du)厚的(de)(de)濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系統具有(you)(you)極(ji)高的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)價值。水(shui)(shui)(shui)產類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)：計有(you)(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)90種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)鯉科(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚(yu)產以“武湖(hu)(hu)銀魚(yu)”久(jiu)享盛(sheng)譽，是(shi)(shi)省內重要(yao)漁業(ye)基地(di)(di)之一(yi)。武湖(hu)(hu)不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)長江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系重要(yao)的(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)天(tian)堂，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)故(gu)鄉(xiang)。分布有(you)(you)短頜鱭、長江(jiang)(jiang)銀魚(yu)、河北圓口鲴、擬(ni)尖(jian)頭鲌、團頭魴、武昌副(fu)沙(sha)鰍、紫薄鰍、似(si)刺鳊(bian)鮈(ju)(ju)、亮(liang)銀鮈(ju)(ju)、光唇蛇(she)鮈(ju)(ju)、細體擬(ni)鲿、黑(hei)尾魚(yu)央等長江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系特有(you)(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，還有(you)(you)日本鰻(man)鱺、鳤、鳡等珍(zhen)貴(gui)洄游(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。這里(li)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)多(duo)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)生(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)屬挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、沉(chen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浮葉型(xing)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、漂浮型(xing)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，群(qun)落種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)9個，群(qun)落中(zhong)主要(yao)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為菰、苦草(cao)(cao)、黑(hei)藻、菱、聚草(cao)(cao)和馬來眼子(zi)菜(cai)。真正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)“湖(hu)(hu)汊交錯魚(yu)遨游(you)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)清草(cao)(cao)美鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)翔(xiang)集(ji)”,“彩霞與(yu)白鷺齊飛，碧水(shui)(shui)(shui)共藍(lan)天(tian)一(yi)色”。透過濕地(di)(di)這一(yi)幅(fu)幅(fu)人與(yu)自(zi)然和睦(mu)相處的(de)(de)畫面(mian)。
水生植物
水生植物(wu)60年代(dai)前有80多(duo)種(zhong)，至(zhi)80年代(dai)降至(zhi)51種(zhong)，常見種(zhong)有金(jin)魚藻、菱、芡、菰、馬來眼子(zi)菜、苦草、黑藻等，平均(jun)生物(wu)量(liang)3 800g/平方(fang)米，生物(wu)現存量(liang)62 900~73 983t
浮游植物
見有浮(fu)游藻類(lei)(lei)27科(ke)42屬，其(qi)中硅(gui)藻門9科(ke)13屬，綠藻門7科(ke)11屬，藍(lan)藻門4科(ke)7屬，其(qi)余各門藻類(lei)(lei)7科(ke)8屬，年均(jun)數量89.3×104ind./L，生(sheng)物量0.38mg/L
浮游動物
浮游動物(wu)32屬(shu)，年均數量(liang)709ind./L，生物(wu)量(liang)1.7mg/L
底棲生物
底(di)棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)24種(zhong)，其(qi)中軟體動(dong)物(wu)17種(zhong)，節肢動(dong)物(wu)5種(zhong)，環節動(dong)物(wu)2種(zhong)，平均數(shu)量250.5ind./平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，生物(wu)量71.9g/平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)
生態環境
湖(hu)區屬(shu)北(bei)亞熱帶季風氣候(hou)，年均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)16.3℃，1月平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3.2℃，極端最低氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-12.9℃，7月平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)28.6℃，極端最高(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)39.6℃。多年平均(jun)(jun)(jun)無霜期258d，降(jiang)水量(liang)1 171mm，蒸發量(liang)1 586mm。年均(jun)(jun)(jun)風速2.0~3.0m/s。湖(hu)水依賴北(bei)岸10余條(tiao)區間溪流和湖(hu)面降(jiang)水補給，集(ji)水面積562.0平方公(gong)里(li)，補給系數26.5。出流經(jing)雙河口于陽(yang)邏(luo)附近排入長(chang)江。年均(jun)(jun)(jun)水溫(wen)(wen)(wen)18.7℃，1月平均(jun)(jun)(jun)水溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4℃左右(you)，7月平均(jun)(jun)(jun)水溫(wen)(wen)(wen)32℃。湖(hu)水黃綠(lv)色，透明度(du)1.5m，pH值8.1，總硬(ying)度(du)10.7德國度(du)，礦(kuang)化度(du)169.5 mg/L。陰離子以(yi)HCO3-為主，含(han)量(liang)103.7mg/L；陽(yang)離子以(yi)Ca2+居首位，含(han)量(liang)22.9mg/L，屬(shu)重(zhong)碳(tan)酸鹽類鈣組Ⅰ型(xing)水。DO8.1mg/L，COD5.33mg/L，NO3--N0.08mg/L，SiO21.02 mg/L，TN1.08mg/L，TP0.11mg/L。
歲月靜好 
