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歷史沿革

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)于1997年(nian)(nian)經江西(xi)省人民政府批建(jian)為(wei)省級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)，歸屬南昌市管(guan)理(li)，后經過5年(nian)(nian)科考和3年(nian)(nian)申報(bao)，于2008年(nian)(nian)1月由(you)國(guo)務院批準為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)，并更名為(wei)“鄱(po)陽湖南磯(ji)濕地國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)”。

地理環境

地理位置

行(xing)政上隸屬南(nan)昌(chang)市新建縣(xian)(xian)南(nan)磯(ji)鄉(xiang)，距南(nan)昌(chang)市城區(qu)約60公(gong)(gong)里。保護(hu)區(qu)東至(zhi)太子(zi)河(he)入東湖口、西(xi)至(zhi)贛江(jiang)中支下(xia)游，北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)三山(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)，南(nan)至(zhi)磯(ji)山(shan)(shan)以(yi)南(nan)鳳尾湖，東西(xi)寬(kuan)21.6公(gong)(gong)里，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)27.7公(gong)(gong)里，范(fan)圍(wei)基(ji)本(ben)與南(nan)磯(ji)鄉(xiang)行(xing)政邊界(jie)一致。保護(hu)區(qu)是江(jiang)西(xi)省面積較(jiao)大的(de)(de)河(he)口類型國家(jia)級(ji)保護(hu)區(qu)，緊鄰省會南(nan)昌(chang)。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)在東經116°10′～116°25′，北(bei)(bei)緯28°51′～29°08′之間。東界(jie)以(yi)10個(ge)拐(guai)(guai)點(dian)的(de)(de)連線(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)界(jie)，拐(guai)(guai)點(dian)的(de)(de)坐(zuo)標(biao)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)（116°18′57″E，29°06′52″N）；南(nan)界(jie)沿(yan)余干縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)向西(xi)南(nan)至(zhi)拐(guai)(guai)點(dian)（116°17′50″E，28°51′59″N）；西(xi)界(jie)以(yi)（116°17′50″E，28°51′59″N）為(wei)(wei)(wei)起(qi)點(dian)，沿(yan)南(nan)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)向北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)大車荒，再(zai)經16個(ge)拐(guai)(guai)點(dian)至(zhi)北(bei)(bei)界(jie)起(qi)點(dian)（116°09′51″E，29°06′11″N），拐(guai)(guai)點(dian)的(de)(de)坐(zuo)標(biao)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)（116°16′10″E，28°56′16″N）；北(bei)(bei)界(jie)以(yi)9個(ge)拐(guai)(guai)點(dian)的(de)(de)連線(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)界(jie)，拐(guai)(guai)點(dian)的(de)(de)坐(zuo)標(biao)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)（116°10′22″E，29°07′8″N)。

地質

南(nan)磯自然保(bao)護區(qu)在(zai)第四紀以來的(de)地質構造運動（新構造運動）中處于中心沉(chen)(chen)降區(qu)，因此它也是(shi)不斷發育的(de)各古河流水系(xi)的(de)匯聚中心。南(nan)磯自然保(bao)護區(qu)具(ju)有“二元結構”的(de)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)—沖(chong)洪積(ji)(ji)(ji)相網(wang)紋(wen)紅(hong)土(tu)、砂(sha)(sha)礫石(shi)堆積(ji)(ji)(ji)，構成了厚達30～75m的(de)沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)地層。在(zai)更(geng)新世沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)地層或白堊系(xi)紫(zi)紅(hong)色粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)巖基巖上(shang)，全新世沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)由下而(er)上(shang)，顆粒變細，下部為礫卵(luan)石(shi)、砂(sha)(sha)礫石(shi)、砂(sha)(sha)（含礫）組成的(de)粗(cu)碎屑，層面清晰，磨圓度和(he)分選性較好，上(shang)部則主要由亞粘土(tu)、亞砂(sha)(sha)土(tu)等夾不穩定淤泥(ni)質薄層組成的(de)細碎屑。

水文條件

南磯自然保護區內(nei)河(he)(he)道數目眾(zhong)多，大小河(he)(he)道有50條(tiao)左(zuo)右，河(he)(he)道長短不一(yi)，形態各異，而(er)且由于(yu)沖淤(yu)作用還使得河(he)(he)道形態處于(yu)進一(yi)步的(de)發(fa)育和變化之中。最(zui)長河(he)(he)道達22.57km，最(zui)短也有1.08km，河(he)(he)道總(zong)長度(du)為123.53km。

氣候

鄱(po)陽湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬亞(ya)熱帶暖(nuan)濕季(ji)風區(qu)(qu)，一年內冬(dong)季(ji)和東(dong)南季(ji)風進退交換(huan)和西太平洋副熱帶高壓南北振(zhen)動，對鄱(po)陽湖(hu)流域的天(tian)氣變化和氣候形成產生重(zhong)大(da)影(ying)響，決定(ding)了氣候的周期(qi)性變化。一般冬(dong)季(ji)極(ji)地大(da)陸(lu)冷(leng)氣團向南流動，由(you)于(yu)南移的路(lu)(lu)徑不同，或西北路(lu)(lu)，或西路(lu)(lu)南下影(ying)響鄱(po)陽湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)，形成每年3～4次的寒潮天(tian)氣，使(shi)湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)寒冷(leng)少雨，或出現(xian)雨雪天(tian)氣。

區域面積

該保護區(qu)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)33300公頃(qing)，其(qi)中(zhong)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)17500公頃(qing)，緩沖區(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)5500公頃(qing)，實驗區(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)10300公頃(qing)。

自然資源

植物資源

鄱陽湖南(nan)(nan)磯自然保護區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐富，區(qu)系(xi)成分復雜(za)，類(lei)型(xing)多(duo)樣，顯(xian)示具有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)南(nan)(nan)北植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)匯合的(de)過渡性質(zhi)。濕(shi)地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)雖具有(you)地(di)帶性“烙(luo)印(yin)”，但隱域(yu)性特征明顯(xian)。據統計，保護區(qu)共有(you)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)115科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)304屬(shu)(shu)443種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)11科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)10屬(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)99科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)283屬(shu)(shu)420種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。蓼科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Polygonaceae 16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、薔薇科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Rosaceae 17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Leghminosae 23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、菊科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Composifae 31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、禾本科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Graminae 24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、莎草科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Cyperaceae 22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）等(deng)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)本區(qu)具有(you)明顯(xian)優勢，占有(you)主(zhu)導地(di)位(wei)，對(dui)本區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)的(de)構(gou)成、動(dong)態和區(qu)系(xi)組(zu)成具有(you)重要(yao)作用。研究區(qu)中(zhong)的(de)苔(tai)草群(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)Cares spp. Comm.、蘆葦群(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)Phragmites australis Comm.、眼子菜群(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)Potamogeton spp. Comm.、蓼群(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)Polygonum spp. Comm.、針藺群(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)Eleocharis spp. Comm.等(deng)世界廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)該區(qu)域(yu)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)建群(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)國特有(you)屬(shu)(shu)在(zai)本區(qu)內(nei)僅有(you)3個(ge)栽培植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)屬(shu)(shu)，即：水杉屬(shu)(shu)Metasequoia、枳屬(shu)(shu)Poncirus、南(nan)(nan)天竹屬(shu)(shu)Nandina。自然分布植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)無中(zhong)國特有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)屬(shu)(shu)，此與(yu)濕(shi)地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)的(de)典型(xing)隱域(yu)性質(zhi)有(you)關。

動物資源

2003-2004年保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)綜合科(ke)學(xue)考察(cha)統(tong)計到浮游(you)動(dong)物(wu)62屬111種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，底棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)8科(ke)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生昆蟲11目(mu)(mu)(mu)40科(ke)168種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)6目(mu)(mu)(mu)14科(ke)43屬58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)江(jiang)湖(hu)洄游(you)型魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)占40%，兩棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)1目(mu)(mu)(mu)5科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行動(dong)物(wu)3目(mu)(mu)(mu)10科(ke)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，哺乳動(dong)物(wu)7目(mu)(mu)(mu)12科(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。特別地，南磯(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是具有科(ke)研、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)與(yu)觀(guan)賞價值的(de)濕地生態系統(tong)和濕地鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，區(qu)(qu)(qu)內鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多，數量(liang)大，目(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)記錄到15目(mu)(mu)(mu)45科(ke)205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有鸊鷉(ti)目(mu)(mu)(mu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鵜形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鸛(guan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雁形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隼形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鶴(he)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鸻形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鷗形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鴿形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鵑形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鸮(xiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，佛(fo)法僧目(mu)(mu)(mu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鴷形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雀形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)82種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)，濕地水鳥(niao)(niao)共7目(mu)(mu)(mu)89種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占中(zhong)國水鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)35.6%。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內不同季(ji)節里(li)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)組(zu)成差(cha)異(yi)顯著(zhu)，冬季(ji)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)142種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，春季(ji)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)120種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，夏季(ji)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，秋季(ji)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

價值地位

由于(yu)(yu)地處贛(gan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、鄱(po)陽湖和(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵節點，保護區具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)性,不僅是(shi)(shi)鯉、鯽(ji)等經濟魚(yu)類(lei)的(de)(de)重要產卵和(he)(he)育肥場(chang)所，也是(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中下(xia)游地區青(qing)、草(cao)、鰱、鳙、鰻鱺、刀鱭、鳳尾(wei)魚(yu)等洄游型魚(yu)類(lei)的(de)(de)主要洄游通道甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)避難所，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)鄱(po)陽湖、贛(gan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漁(yu)業資源保護與(yu)可持續利用具有重要意義(yi)。保護區典(dian)型的(de)(de)入(ru)湖口濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統，是(shi)(shi)河口自然地理、水(shui)文和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境監(jian)測等學科(ke)的(de)(de)天然研究(jiu)(jiu)基地，是(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)(jiu)內陸河口濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)(de)場(chang)所。