歷史淵源
說法一
宮保雞丁
由清朝(chao)山東(dong)巡撫(fu)、四川(chuan)總(zong)督(du)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)所(suo)創,他(ta)對烹飪(ren)頗有(you)研究,喜(xi)歡吃雞(ji)和花生米,并尤其(qi)喜(xi)好辣味(wei)。他(ta)在(zai)(zai)山東(dong)為(wei)官時曾(ceng)命家廚改良魯菜(cai)“醬爆(bao)雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”為(wei)辣炒,后(hou)來(lai)(lai)在(zai)(zai)四川(chuan)總(zong)督(du)任(ren)上的(de)(de)(de)時候將此(ci)(ci)菜(cai)推廣(guang)開來(lai)(lai),創制了(le)(le)(le)一道(dao)將雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)、紅辣椒、花生米下(xia)鍋爆(bao)炒而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)味(wei)佳(jia)肴。這(zhe)道(dao)美(mei)味(wei)本來(lai)(lai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)家的(de)(de)(de)私(si)房菜(cai),但(dan)后(hou)來(lai)(lai)盡人皆知,成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)人們熟知的(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)(bao)雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。所(suo)謂“宮(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)(bao)”,其(qi)實是(shi)(shi)(shi)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)榮譽(yu)官銜(xian),丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)治蜀(shu)十年,為(wei)官剛正不(bu)(bu)阿,多有(you)建樹,于(yu)(yu)光緒十一年死在(zai)(zai)任(ren)上,清廷(ting)為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)表彰他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)功績(ji),追(zhui)贈“太(tai)(tai)子太(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)”。如上文所(suo)說,“太(tai)(tai)子太(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)“宮(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)(bao)”之一,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)紀念(nian)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen),他(ta)發(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)道(dao)菜(cai)由此(ci)(ci)得名“宮(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)(bao)雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。由于(yu)(yu)這(zhe)道(dao)菜(cai)流傳太(tai)(tai)廣(guang),在(zai)(zai)各(ge)地(di)有(you)很多不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法,甚至還(huan)(huan)出(chu)現了(le)(le)(le)將雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)演(yan)變為(wei)肉丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)“宮(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)(bao)肉丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)(bao)雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)傳到西方(fang)后(hou),西方(fang)人還(huan)(huan)根據自己的(de)(de)(de)口味(wei)進行了(le)(le)(le)一些改良,使(shi)之成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)符合(he)西方(fang)口味(wei)的(de)(de)(de)“西式宮(gong)(gong)(gong)保(bao)(bao)雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)” 。
說法二
一(yi)日,丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)身著微(wei)服帶一(yi)家(jia)仆去(qu)山東(dong)濟南(nan)大(da)明湖一(yi)帶私訪。天近中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)午,已覺(jue)腹饑,突然聞到一(yi)股(gu)子(zi)(zi)香(xiang)味從附近一(yi)農(nong)家(jia)院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飄出,于是(shi)信步走(zou)(zou)進(jin)院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。只見一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)年漢(han)(han)子(zi)(zi)正在灶房內(nei)炒(chao)(chao)菜(cai)(cai)。喜愛烹調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)宮(gong)保連(lian)忙走(zou)(zou)上前問漢(han)(han)子(zi)(zi)炒(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)何菜(cai)(cai),漢(han)(han)子(zi)(zi)答道(dao)(dao):“爆(bao)炒(chao)(chao)雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。漢(han)(han)子(zi)(zi)熱情地(di)(di)讓丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)品嘗(chang)一(yi)下(xia),丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)毫不客(ke)(ke)氣地(di)(di)嘗(chang)了(le)一(yi)口(kou),味道(dao)(dao)十分鮮(xian)(xian)美,連(lian)忙又問道(dao)(dao):“既為(wei)雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),為(wei)何卻這般鮮(xian)(xian)嫩(nen)?”漢(han)(han)子(zi)(zi)答道(dao)(dao):“此乃(nai)取當(dang)地(di)(di)笨雞(ji)雞(ji)脯肉切丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),而(er)外(wai)薄裹淀(dian)粉糊(hu)(即是(shi)水淀(dian)粉),以(yi)利于快熟(shu)且可防味泄,再配以(yi)花(hua)生、胡椒,加上白糖、鹽、醬油、南(nan)酒、蔥、姜、蒜等調(diao)料,經旺火爆(bao)炒(chao)(chao)而(er)成(cheng)。成(cheng)品色澤紅(hong)亮(liang),雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)細嫩(nen),花(hua)生米酥脆(cui),咸鮮(xian)(xian)香(xiang)辣,佐(zuo)酒下(xia)飯均宜。”丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)撫(fu)須點頭(tou),找出盤(pan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)花(hua)生入口(kou)里(li),細細咂摸(mo),果(guo)真是(shi)別有滋味。這道(dao)(dao)菜(cai)(cai)令(ling)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)回味悠長,走(zou)(zou)時百(bai)(bai)般不舍(she),他(ta)(ta)記準了(le)地(di)(di)方,回府(fu)不久就(jiu)遣人重金把漢(han)(han)子(zi)(zi)聘為(wei)家(jia)廚。每每遠客(ke)(ke)到,必用此道(dao)(dao)菜(cai)(cai)為(wei)壓軸菜(cai)(cai)招待客(ke)(ke)人,百(bai)(bai)吃(chi)不厭世稱美味。后(hou)(hou)來,丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)奉調(diao)任四川總督,臨行征求漢(han)(han)子(zi)(zi)意見,漢(han)(han)子(zi)(zi)感其(qi)恩重,遂攜家(jia)眷一(yi)起隨丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)進(jin)川,進(jin)而(er)把爆(bao)炒(chao)(chao)雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)帶到了(le)四川,他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)人通過把胡椒換成(cheng)辣椒,做出了(le)川味的(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)保雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)楨(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)去(qu)世后(hou)(hou)不久,宮(gong)保雞(ji)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)就(jiu)被四川當(dang)地(di)(di)官員作(zuo)為(wei)貢菜(cai)(cai)獻給皇帝(di),發展成(cheng)為(wei)御(yu)用的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)菜(cai)(cai)之一(yi) 。
制作工藝
制作材料
主料:雞
制作材料
制作材料(14張)
脯肉(225克)、花生米(mi)(50克)。
輔料:蔥(45克)、姜(10克)。
調(diao)料:干辣椒(8克(ke))、花椒(1.5克(ke))、色拉油(you)(60克(ke))、食鹽(2克(ke))、料酒(2克(ke))、味精(1克(ke))、醬油(you)(6.5克(ke))、白糖(10克(ke))、醋(7克(ke))、水淀粉(22克(ke))。
制作步驟
將(jiang)雞脯肉用(yong)(yong)刀背拍一下,切成小丁,加入(ru)一湯匙(chi)料酒、半(ban)湯匙(chi)食用(yong)(yong)油(you)、半(ban)茶匙(chi)白胡椒、半(ban)茶匙(chi)鹽,一茶匙(chi)淀粉腌漬10分(fen)鐘,再(zai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)淀粉拌勻。
將大蔥(cong)洗凈切(qie)段,干辣椒洗凈,剪(jian)去(qu)兩頭去(qu)除辣椒籽(zi),黃瓜切(qie)丁(ding)。
在小碗(wan)中調(diao)入醬油(you)、香醋、鹽、姜汁、白(bai)砂糖和料酒,混(hun)合(he)均(jun)勻制成調(diao)味料汁。
鍋中留底油,燒熱后將花椒和干辣椒放入,用小火煸炸出香味,隨(sui)后放入大(da)蔥段(duan)。
放入雞丁(ding),放1湯匙(chi)料酒,將雞丁(ding)滑炒變色,然后倒入水淀粉(fen)。
最后(hou)調入(ru)料汁,再放入(ru)熟(shu)花生米,翻炒均(jun)勻(yun),用(yong)水(shui)淀粉勾(gou)芡即(ji)成。
提示事項
用開水沖泡(pao)花(hua)生米,剝去外皮(pi),冷(leng)鍋冷(leng)油下花(hua)生米(不(bu)易炒焦(jiao)),中火炒至淺焦(jiao)黃(huang)色后盛(sheng)到(dao)大盤里散熱(re)待用。
風味特色
宮保雞(ji)丁的特色是辣(la)中有甜,甜中有辣(la),雞(ji)肉(rou)的鮮嫩配合花生的香脆,入(ru)口鮮辣(la)酥香,紅(hong)而不辣(la),辣(la)而不猛,肉(rou)質滑脆。
宮保雞丁(ding)入口之后,舌(she)尖(jian)先(xian)感覺(jue)微麻、淺(qian)辣,而后沖擊(ji)味蕾的是一(yi)股甜(tian)意(yi),咀嚼時又(you)會(hui)有些“許(xu)算(suan)算(suan)”的感覺(jue),麻、辣、酸(suan)、甜(tian)包裹下的雞丁(ding)、蔥段、花生(sheng)米使人欲罷不能。
各地的宮保雞丁名字相同,做法卻有不同:
川菜版的(de)宮保雞丁(ding)(ding)用(yong)的(de)是(shi)雞脯肉(rou)(rou)(rou),由于雞脯肉(rou)(rou)(rou)不(bu)容易(yi)入(ru)(ru)味(wei),炒出(chu)來雞肉(rou)(rou)(rou)容易(yi)嫩滑(hua)不(bu)足,需要在碼味(wei)上漿之前,用(yong)刀背(bei)將雞肉(rou)(rou)(rou)拍打(da)幾下,或者(zhe)放入(ru)(ru)一只蛋白(bai),這樣的(de)雞肉(rou)(rou)(rou)會更加嫩滑(hua)。川菜版宮保雞丁(ding)(ding)原料中必(bi)須使(shi)用(yong)油(you)酥花生米和干辣椒節,味(wei)必(bi)須是(shi)辣型荔枝味(wei)。辣椒節炸香,突出(chu)糊辣味(wei)。
魯菜版的宮保(bao)雞(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)更多采用雞(ji)(ji)腿(tui)肉(rou)。為了更好地突出(chu)宮保(bao)雞(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)的口感,魯菜還添(tian)加了筍丁(ding)(ding)或者馬蹄丁(ding)(ding)。宮保(bao)雞(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)的做(zuo)法(fa)和(he)川菜做(zuo)法(fa)大致相同,但是更注重急(ji)火爆炒,目的是保(bao)留(liu)雞(ji)(ji)丁(ding)(ding)的鮮嫩。
貴州菜版的(de)宮(gong)保雞(ji)丁(ding)用的(de)是(shi)糍(ci)粑辣(la)椒,和川菜、魯菜版(ban)本不一(yi)樣。貴(gui)州版(ban)宮(gong)保雞(ji)丁(ding)咸辣(la)略帶酸(suan)甜,請注意這個“酸(suan)”字(zi),酸(suan)辣(la)是(shi)貴(gui)州菜區別川菜的(de)重要標志之一(yi)。
營養價值
宮保雞丁富含蛋白(bai)質、鈣、磷(lin)、鐵、維生素及碳(tan)水化合(he)物等營養成分,具有溫中益氣(qi)、滋補五臟、健脾胃(wei)、壯筋骨的(de)功效。食(shi)之可養身滋補、增(zeng)進(jin)食(shi)欲(yu)、促進(jin)人(ren)體(ti)健康、增(zeng)強(qiang)機體(ti)抵抗能力。
食譜相克
雞肉
雞肉甘溫,鯉魚甘平。雞肉補中助陽,鯉魚下氣利水,同(tong)食則(ze)性味(wei)不反但功能相乘。
雞(ji)肉與芥(jie)末(mo)這兩種食物(wu)如(ru)果同食后,會傷元氣。因芥(jie)末(mo)是熱性之(zhi)物(wu),雞(ji)屬溫補之(zhi)品(pin),恐助火熱,無益于健康。
花生
花(hua)生仁(即是去皮的(de)白色果實)多油脂,一(yi)般來講,如寒涼之物(wu)與(yu)油脂相遇,會增加其滑利之性,因此(ci),兩(liang)者(zhe)同食(shi)極易導致腹(fu)瀉(xie)。
螃蟹與花生(sheng)仁(ren)相(xiang)克。從食物(wu)藥性(xing)上看,花生(sheng)仁(ren)性(xing)味(wei)甘(gan)平,且脂肪含量(liang)高達(da)45%,油膩之(zhi)物(wu)遇冷利之(zhi)物(wu)極易導致腹(fu)瀉(xie),所以螃蟹與花生(sheng)仁(ren)不宜同(tong)時進(jin)食,對于腸胃(wei)虛弱(ruo)的(de)人來說,更應加倍注意。