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歷史沿革

2001年成立友(you)好(hao)自然保護區；

2004年被(bei)國家(jia)林業局批準為省（部）級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)；

2006年被省(sheng)政(zheng)府批準為省(sheng)級自然保護區(qu)；

2012年晉(jin)升為國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區。

2018年2月11日被列入國際重要濕地。

地理環境

地理位置

黑龍(long)江友好自然(ran)保護區地(di)處小興(xing)安(an)(an)嶺山脈中段，橫(heng)跨小興(xing)安(an)(an)嶺主脈的南北(bei)兩坡，地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為東(dong)經(jing)128°10′15″—128°33′25″，北(bei)緯48°13′07″—48°33′15″。

氣候

黑(hei)龍江友好國家級自然保護區(qu)屬北溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性濕潤季風氣候區(qu)，年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)在0.4℃左右，夏季平均溫(wen)度為20℃至22℃，且晝夜溫(wen)差較大(da)，有6個(ge)月的冰封(feng)期。

水文

黑龍江友好(hao)自(zi)然保護區(qu)區(qu)域(yu)河(he)流充沛，擁有流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)廣(guang)闊的友好(hao)河(he)水(shui)系。

自然資源

植物資源

黑龍江友(you)好國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)共(gong)有高等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)836種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中包括(kuo)1亞種(zhong)(zhong)，23變種(zhong)(zhong)，3變型。其(qi)中苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)56科(ke)(ke)(ke)，100屬(shu)，183種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)總(zong)(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)的35.22%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)數(shu)(shu)的24.15%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的21.89%；蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)41種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)于(yu)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)，26屬(shu)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)總(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的4.90%；占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)的8.81%；占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)數(shu)(shu)的6.28%；種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)（裸子和被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)）612種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的73.21%，隸(li)屬(shu)于(yu)89科(ke)(ke)(ke)，288屬(shu)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)的55.97%，69.57%。

動物資源

黑龍江友好自然(ran)保護區(qu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系屬(shu)古北(bei)界(jie)、東(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)界(jie)、東(dong)北(bei)區(qu)、長(chang)白(bai)山亞(ya)區(qu)小興(xing)安(an)嶺山地省，野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系介(jie)于大興(xing)安(an)嶺和(he)長(chang)白(bai)山地之間，其東(dong)部(bu)為(wei)三江平原，西部(bu)為(wei)松(song)嫩(nen)平原。因此(ci)，野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系組成比(bi)較豐富(fu)。

黑龍江友好國家級(ji)自然保護(hu)(hu)區內現存(cun)的脊(ji)椎動物(wu)共有(you)(you)330種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)魚類(lei)有(you)(you)5目(mu)11科(ke)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲類(lei)有(you)(you)2目(mu)4科(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬(pa)行(xing)類(lei)共有(you)(you)3目(mu)4科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)17目(mu)44科(ke)221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；獸(shou)類(lei)6目(mu)l6科(ke)47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國家Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此外，還(huan)有(you)(you)昆蟲動物(wu)12目(mu)95科(ke)370種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

1、魚類

黑龍(long)江友好國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)共(gong)有魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)5目11科(ke)(ke)(ke)43種(zhong)，占(zhan)黑龍(long)江省(sheng)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數105種(zhong)的(de)(de)41.0%，占(zhan)小興安嶺魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數71種(zhong)的(de)(de)63.3%，其中鯉科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Cyprinidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)多(duo)，為(wei)27種(zhong)，占(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數的(de)(de)62.8%；其次是(shi)鰍(qiu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Cobitidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)，有4種(zhong)，占(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數的(de)(de)9.3%，鮭科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Salmonidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)3種(zhong)，占(zhan)總(zong)數的(de)(de)7.0%；鯰(nian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Siluridae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)2種(zhong)，占(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數的(de)(de)4.7%；茴魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Thymallidae）、胡瓜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Osmeridae）、狗(gou)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Esocidae）、塘鱧科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Eleotridae）、鲿科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Bagridae）、鮨科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Serranidae）、鱈科(ke)(ke)(ke)（Gadidae）各1種(zhong)，分別(bie)占(zhan)總(zong)數的(de)(de)2.3%。

2、兩棲類(lei)及爬行類(lei)

黑(hei)龍江友好國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)內兩棲動物共有9種，隸屬(shu)于2目5科，占(zhan)黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)兩棲動物種數的75.0%；爬(pa)行動物10種，隸屬(shu)于3目4科，占(zhan)黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)爬(pa)行動物種數的62.5%。

保護區內(nei)兩棲類有尾目中(zhong)以極北(bei)(bei)鯢(ni)（Salamandrella keyserlingii）較常(chang)見(jian)，東(dong)北(bei)(bei)小鯢(ni)（Hynobius leechii）偶爾(er)可見(jian)。極北(bei)(bei)鯢(ni)每年春夏季在(zai)山(shan)溪及其附近的(de)沼澤(ze)中(zhong)常(chang)可見(jian)到實體(ti)和卵袋(dai)；無尾目中(zhong)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)是(shi)黑龍江林蛙(wa)（Rana amurensis）、中(zhong)國林蛙(wa)（Rana chensinensis）、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)雨(yu)蛙(wa)（Hyla arborea）、中(zhong)華蟾(chan)蜍（Bufo gargarizans）和花背蟾(chan)蜍（Bufo raddei）。夏季常(chang)見(jian)的(de)優勢種是(shi)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)雨(yu)蛙(wa)，在(zai)濕地(di)中(zhong)有相當大(da)的(de)數量。黑斑蛙(wa)（Rana nigromaculata）在(zai)這里是(shi)偶見(jian)種。

保護區內爬行類龜鱉目中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)鱉（Trionyx sinensis）偶爾可(ke)見(jian)(jian)，數量(liang)極少(shao)。蜥蜴(yi)目中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)胎生(sheng)蜥蜴(yi)（Lacertavivipara）是這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)常見(jian)(jian)種，常活動于林緣、路(lu)旁、倒(dao)木(mu)下，其卵胎生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)繁殖(zhi)方式是適應這(zhe)里極為寒(han)冷(leng)、無霜期(qi)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)氣候的(de)(de)(de)很好方式。黑(hei)龍江(jiang)草(cao)蜥（Takydromusamurensis）為常見(jian)(jian)種。這(zhe)里較為常見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)蛇(she)類是白條錦(jin)蛇(she)（Elaphe dione）和烏蘇里蝮（Gloydius ussuriensis），它(ta)們分布較廣，大多數山地均(jun)可(ke)見(jian)(jian)到。體形(xing)較大的(de)(de)(de)棕黑(hei)錦(jin)蛇(she)（E.schrenckii）在這(zhe)里是偶見(jian)(jian)種。紅點(dian)錦(jin)蛇(she)（E.rufodorsata）、巖棲(qi)蝮（Gloydius saxaticis）和虎斑頸槽(cao)蛇(she)（Rhabdophis tigrinus）分布于河流附(fu)近的(de)(de)(de)濕地和石山上，數量(liang)稀少(shao)。

3、鳥類

黑龍(long)江(jiang)友好(hao)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)境(jing)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)多樣，決(jue)定了該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣性。經調(diao)查及文獻統(tong)計，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內共(gong)(gong)有鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)17目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)44科(ke)221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)黑龍(long)江(jiang)省鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60.4%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小興安嶺(ling)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)85.30%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)布有24科(ke)113種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)51.1%，雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)布有20科(ke)108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)48.9%。據統(tong)計保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)多達134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60.63%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50.7%，在(zai)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)有66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)49.3%。冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（W）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)很少，僅分(fen)(fen)布有15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6.79%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)僅有3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20.0%，雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)80.0%。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)共(gong)(gong)有留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（R）34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15.38%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)41.2%，雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)58.8%。該(gai)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（P）共(gong)(gong)計38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)17.20%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)73.7%，雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)26.3%。從鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)居(ju)留(liu)型(xing)(xing)來看，夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（S）無(wu)論是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)還是數(shu)(shu)量均占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相當大比例。

保護對象

(1)沼澤濕地生態系統(tong)。

(2)以原麝、紫貂、東方(fang)白鸛、金雕、丹頂鶴以及紅松、鉆(zhan)天柳、黃檗(bo)、紫椴(duan)等為(wei)代表的珍稀野(ye)生動植物資源及其棲息地。

沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)是友好自然(ran)保護區的主(zhu)要(yao)保護對象，因此有(you)必要(yao)對保護區內的沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)植被(bei)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)及(ji)特征加(jia)以重點論述(shu)。由(you)于(yu)保護區內地(di)勢平緩，河谷平坦(tan)寬(kuan)闊，河曲發(fa)達，牛軛湖(hu)眾多(duo)，加(jia)上(shang)氣候冷濕(shi)，島(dao)狀(zhuang)凍土分布普遍，從而形(xing)成了大面積的沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)植被(bei)，且類(lei)型(xing)(xing)繁多(duo)。主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括森林(lin)(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等(deng)植被(bei)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)。尤其是森林(lin)(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)面積大，類(lei)型(xing)(xing)多(duo)，主(zhu)要(yao)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)有(you)興(xing)(xing)安落(luo)(luo)葉(xie)松－油(you)(you)樺－苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)和興(xing)(xing)安落(luo)(luo)葉(xie)松－窄(zhai)葉(xie)杜(du)香(xiang)－中(zhong)位泥炭蘚群落(luo)(luo)及(ji)白樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等(deng)。灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)植被(bei)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)油(you)(you)樺－修氏(shi)苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)、油(you)(you)樺－篤斯越(yue)桔(jie)－蘚類(lei)群落(luo)(luo)等(deng)，主(zhu)要(yao)分布于(yu)河灘(tan)和階地(di)上(shang)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)中(zhong)以苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)較多(duo)，有(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)形(xing)成的灰脈苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)－修氏(shi)苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)、湖(hu)泊沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)化形(xing)成的毛果苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)－泥炭蘚群落(luo)(luo)等(deng)。

沼澤

根(gen)據組成建群種的不同，可(ke)劃分3個(ge)植(zhi)被亞(ya)型，即：草本沼(zhao)(zhao)澤、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤和森林沼(zhao)(zhao)澤。

草本沼澤

草(cao)本沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)從發(fa)生(sheng)上(shang)，大多由(you)草(cao)甸(dian)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)化而成，多發(fa)生(sheng)在河漫灘的洼(wa)地(di)，由(you)于(yu)地(di)勢低洼(wa)、地(di)下水(shui)(shui)位高，特別是受(shou)河水(shui)(shui)泛濫的影響，造成了(le)草(cao)甸(dian)過分(fen)(fen)濕(shi)潤或水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)滯聚，土壤的孔隙被水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)充填，微生(sheng)物(wu)活動減弱，因而植物(wu)殘體(ti)中的營養(yang)元(yuan)素不能(neng)礦化。這樣在水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)增(zeng)加(jia)，養(yang)分(fen)(fen)減少(shao)的情(qing)況下，為植物(wu)的自然演替(ti)創造了(le)有(you)利條件，使一些根狀莖草(cao)甸(dian)植物(wu)逐漸減少(shao)，而要求養(yang)分(fen)(fen)較少(shao)，喜濕(shi)的密叢型沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)植物(wu)逐漸增(zeng)多。根據組成、結構與分(fen)(fen)布規(gui)律，本植被亞型只(zhi)有(you)3個群系組（泥炭蘚(xian)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、草(cao)甸(dian)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、莎草(cao)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)）。

灌叢沼澤

灌叢沼(zhao)澤系指在地(di)(di)(di)表過濕(shi)或積水的地(di)(di)(di)段(duan)上，以喜濕(shi)的灌木為主所組成的沼(zhao)澤植(zhi)物(wu)群(qun)落。在保護區(qu)內，分(fen)布地(di)(di)(di)域較廣，面積也較大，多發生平坦溝(gou)谷和(he)河漫(man)灘這些地(di)(di)(di)段(duan)，地(di)(di)(di)勢低洼，平坦，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水位高，水分(fen)容易集聚的地(di)(di)(di)方，由于土(tu)質粘重(zhong)，又(you)有永凍層形成隔水板(ban)，造(zao)成地(di)(di)(di)表過濕(shi)或積水，引(yin)起沼(zhao)澤植(zhi)物(wu)不斷侵(qin)(qin)入。首先侵(qin)(qin)入的是喜濕(shi)的密叢苔草和(he)淺根系的柴(chai)樺（Betula fruticosa），隨(sui)后是提(ti)燈蘚（Mnium cuspidatum）等蘚類，這些植(zhi)物(wu)侵(qin)(qin)入后，死亡(wang)的植(zhi)物(wu)殘體在土(tu)壤嫌(xian)氣(qi)條件下(xia)，逐漸(jian)形成泥炭，營養貧乏，樹木開(kai)始生長不良，并(bing)逐漸(jian)遞減(jian)，森林演變(bian)為沼(zhao)澤，形成現(xian)有的各類灌叢沼(zhao)澤。

森林沼澤

森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)沼澤從外(wai)貌上(shang)具有森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)特征，是(shi)(shi)以喬木(mu)組成上(shang)層林(lin)(lin)(lin)冠，并生長在地(di)表(biao)過濕或積水的(de)地(di)段上(shang)，以濕生植(zhi)(zhi)物、沼生植(zhi)(zhi)物為主所組成的(de)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)沼澤植(zhi)(zhi)物群落。該沼澤植(zhi)(zhi)被是(shi)(shi)由耐冷(leng)濕條件的(de)針葉(xie)(xie)樹種――云冷(leng)杉、興安落葉(xie)(xie)松和(he)落葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)喬木(mu)樹種白樺和(he)毛赤楊(yang)（Alnus sibirica）為建群種，伴生著濕生和(he)中濕生灌(guan)木(mu)和(he)草(cao)本植(zhi)(zhi)物組成的(de)垮帶隱域性(xing)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被。

價值地位

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)是以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)珍稀(xi)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)及(ji)其生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)和(he)(he)(he)森林沼(zhao)澤(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)為宗旨，集(ji)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、科學(xue)研究(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游(you)于一體的(de)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)。主(zhu)要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)對象為東北林區(qu)森林沼(zhao)澤(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)(he)珍稀(xi)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植物資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)及(ji)其棲息地(di)(di)。豐(feng)富的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)多樣(yang)性顯示了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)巨大(da)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)價值和(he)(he)(he)科學(xue)研究(jiu)價值。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內森林茂密，河流縱橫(heng)，濕地(di)(di)面積(ji)廣闊，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)保(bao)(bao)存完(wan)好。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)在提高水(shui)源(yuan)涵養、控制水(shui)土流失、防止干旱和(he)(he)(he)洪澇災害、調(diao)節(jie)氣候等方面具有非常重要的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)意(yi)義和(he)(he)(he)科學(xue)價值。