具體位置
黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)濕地國(guo)家級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)位于黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)游,跨甘(gan)(gan)州(zhou)、臨澤(ze)、高(gao)臺三縣區(qu)(qu),范圍(wei)在東經(jing)(jing)99°19′21″-100°34′48″,北(bei)緯(wei)38°57′54″-39°52′30″之間,保護區(qu)(qu)沿(yan)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)游干(gan)(gan)流河(he)(he)(he)道(dao)分布,東自(zi)(zi)甘(gan)(gan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)三閘(zha)鎮(zhen)新建村起(qi),向西(xi)經(jing)(jing)高(gao)臺縣羅城鄉鹽池(chi)灘至黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)正(zheng)義峽出界(jie)處;北(bei)自(zi)(zi)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)正(zheng)義峽出界(jie)處起(qi),沿(yan)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)干(gan)(gan)流北(bei)岸、山丹(dan)河(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)道(dao)至甘(gan)(gan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)紅沙窩(wo)國(guo)有林(lin)場(chang);南自(zi)(zi)甘(gan)(gan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)三閘(zha)鎮(zhen)東泉村起(qi),沿(yan)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)干(gan)(gan)流南岸,經(jing)(jing)甘(gan)(gan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)沙井鎮(zhen)興隆村、臨澤(ze)大沙河(he)(he)(he)至五(wu)泉國(guo)有林(lin)場(chang),沿(yan)大沙河(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)道(dao)與黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)干(gan)(gan)流南岸,至肅(su)南裕固族自(zi)(zi)治縣和(he)高(gao)臺縣交(jiao)界(jie)處。
保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)41164.56公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中(zhong)核心區(qu)(qu)13640.01公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),緩沖區(qu)(qu)12531.21公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),實驗區(qu)(qu)14993.34公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),三個功能區(qu)(qu)基本各(ge)占1/3。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)“自然(ran)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)類(lei)”“內陸(lu)濕(shi)地和(he)水域(yu)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)類(lei)型”。其主要保(bao)護對(dui)象為(wei)我國西(xi)北(bei)典型內陸(lu)河(he)流濕(shi)地和(he)水域(yu)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)及(ji)生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing);以黑鸛為(wei)代表的濕(shi)地珍禽及(ji)鳥類(lei)遷徙(xi)重(zhong)要通道和(he)棲息地;黑河(he)中(zhong)下游重(zhong)要的水源涵養地和(he)水生(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)生(sheng)境;西(xi)北(bei)荒(huang)漠區(qu)(qu)的綠洲(zhou)植被及(ji)典型的內陸(lu)河(he)流自然(ran)景(jing)觀。
保(bao)護(hu)區處在(zai)(zai)河西走廊中段、青藏高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)和蒙新(xin)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)過渡地(di)帶,區域狹(xia)長,地(di)理位(wei)置獨特,生物(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)突出,由內陸山(shan)地(di)-荒漠(mo)(mo)-綠洲(zhou)三個子系統構成(cheng)復(fu)合系統,典(dian)型性(xing)和代表性(xing)明顯,在(zai)(zai)西北(bei)荒漠(mo)(mo)地(di)區非常(chang)珍貴(gui)和稀有。保(bao)護(hu)區主體地(di)貌(mao)為(wei)(wei)河谷平原(yuan)(yuan),海拔1200—1500米,呈條帶狀分布。北(bei)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)戈壁平原(yuan)(yuan)鄰(lin)近(jin)巴丹(dan)吉林沙漠(mo)(mo),南部(bu)為(wei)(wei)祁連山(shan)荒漠(mo)(mo)戈壁。
濕地資源
張掖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)兩大類(lei)4個類(lei)型13個類(lei)別(bie),總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為210420.42hm,占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)5.02%。其中天(tian)然(ran)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)包括(kuo)永(yong)久(jiu)(jiu)性(xing)(xing)河流、季(ji)節性(xing)(xing)河流、泛洪平原(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、永(yong)久(jiu)(jiu)性(xing)(xing)淡水(shui)湖、季(ji)節性(xing)(xing)淡水(shui)湖、草(cao)本沼澤、高山濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、灌叢(cong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、內陸鹽(yan)沼9個類(lei)別(bie),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為199709.97hm,占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)94.9%;人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)包括(kuo)池塘(tang)、灌溉渠系及稻田、蓄(xu)水(shui)區(qu)(qu)、鹽(yan)田4個類(lei)別(bie),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為10710.45hm,占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)5.1%。在天(tian)然(ran)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)中,其中高山濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)113678.68hm,占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)54.02%;河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)58110.95hm,占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)27.62%;冰川濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)40008.08hm,占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)19.01%。按行政區(qu)(qu)域統計,肅南縣(xian)、高臺縣(xian)、臨澤縣(xian)、山丹縣(xian)、民樂(le)縣(xian)、甘州區(qu)(qu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分別(bie)為155100.1hm、17450hm、10822.2hm、10256.9hm、11652.68hm和(he)5139.14hm,分別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)73.71%、8.29%、5.14%、4.87%、5.54%和(he)2.44%。
濕地動植物資源
黑河(he)流(liu)域(yu)地域(yu)遼闊,森林、草(cao)原、冰川(chuan)、河(he)流(liu)、水域(yu)分布廣(guang)泛(fan),動(dong)植物資源(yuan)較(jiao)為豐富。高(gao)等(deng)(deng)植物有84科399屬1044種,屬于國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)保護的(de)有星葉草(cao)、冬蟲夏草(cao)等(deng)(deng),屬于國(guo)家(jia)三級(ji)保護的(de)有肉蓯蓉(rong)、蒙古扁(bian)桃(tao)、桃(tao)兒七(qi)、裸果木等(deng)(deng)。陸棲動(dong)物有229種,占全省陸棲動(dong)物659種的(de)24.78%,屬于國(guo)家(jia)一類(lei)保護的(de)有藏(zang)野驢、雪豹、野牦牛、白(bai)唇鹿、馬(ma)(ma)麝、黑鸛、遺鷗(ou)等(deng)(deng)16種,屬于國(guo)家(jia)二(er)類(lei)保護的(de)有馬(ma)(ma)鹿、盤(pan)羊、巖羊、草(cao)原雕、藍馬(ma)(ma)雞、大(da)天鵝、小(xiao)天鵝、灰(hui)鶴等(deng)(deng)44種。
保護(hu)區位于我國(guo)候鳥(niao)(niao)三(san)大(da)遷徙途徑西部(bu)路(lu)線的中段,地(di)(di)表水與(yu)地(di)(di)下水的反復交替,形成(cheng)了境內(nei)湖泊、沼澤、灘涂(tu)星羅棋布,生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性豐(feng)富,喜濕植物茂盛的內(nei)陸干旱區獨特的濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統,為野(ye)生(sheng)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)繁衍生(sheng)息創造了得天(tian)獨厚(hou)的條件,是春秋兩季(ji)大(da)量候鳥(niao)(niao)停歇嬉(xi)戲的天(tian)堂(tang)。有國(guo)家I級保護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)黑鸛Ciconia nigra、玉(yu)帶海雕(diao)Haliaeetusleucoryphus、白尾海雕(diao)Haliaeetusalbicilla等(deng)4種(zhong),國(guo)家Ⅱ級保護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)大(da)天(tian)鵝Cygnus Cygnus、小(xiao)天(tian)鵝Cygnuscolunbianus、鶚Pandion haliaetus、灰(hui)鶴(he)Grus grus等(deng)18種(zhong),國(guo)家“三(san)有”鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)60余種(zhong)途經這里。
歷程
張掖黑(hei)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)始(shi)建于(yu)1992年(nian)(nian),原名(ming)“高臺縣(xian)黑(hei)河(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)”,2004年(nian)(nian)經甘肅(su)省人民(min)政府批(pi)準成(cheng)立“甘肅(su)高臺黑(hei)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)省級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)”,2011年(nian)(nian)4月經國(guo)務院批(pi)準晉(jin)升為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu),更(geng)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“張掖黑(hei)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)”,其管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)機構(gou)為(wei)(wei)“張掖黑(hei)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)(ju)”。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)(ju)直屬于(yu)張掖市人民(min)政府管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),下(xia)設(she)高臺、甘州(zhou)、臨澤三(san)個分(fen)局(ju)(ju)(ju),其中高臺分(fen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)下(xia)設(she)羅城(cheng)、合(he)黎、黑(hei)泉管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),臨澤分(fen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)下(xia)設(she)平川、鴨暖管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),甘州(zhou)分(fen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)下(xia)設(she)烏(wu)江、城(cheng)郊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處,實行局(ju)(ju)(ju)、分(fen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)三(san)級(ji)垂直管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)(ju)內(nei)部機構(gou)設(she)辦公(gong)室、資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)科、資(zi)源(yuan)開發科、公(gong)安派出所、生(sheng)態臨測站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)總站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)。
保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的(de)建(jian)設(she)符合(he)國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)態文明建(jian)設(she)和(he)可(ke)持續發展要求,符合(he)甘(gan)肅(su)和(he)張(zhang)(zhang)掖經濟社會發展與生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)中長(chang)期規(gui)(gui)劃(hua),先后委托蘭州大學編制完成(cheng)了《甘(gan)肅(su)張(zhang)(zhang)掖黑(hei)(hei)(hei)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)綜合(he)科(ke)學考察報(bao)告(gao)》,委托南京環(huan)境科(ke)學研究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)編制了《甘(gan)肅(su)張(zhang)(zhang)掖黑(hei)(hei)(hei)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)總體規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》《甘(gan)肅(su)張(zhang)(zhang)掖黑(hei)(hei)(hei)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)可(ke)行(xing)性研究(jiu)(jiu)報(bao)告(gao)》。《總體規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)年(nian)限20年(nian),規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)投(tou)資(zi)10.2億元(yuan),計劃(hua)進行(xing)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)與恢復、基(ji)礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she)、科(ke)研監測、宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)育、生(sheng)(sheng)態旅游等項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)。《自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)可(ke)行(xing)性研究(jiu)(jiu)報(bao)告(gao)》計劃(hua)在2011年(nian)至(zhi)2013年(nian)總投(tou)資(zi)3905.58萬元(yuan),主要建(jian)設(she)管護(hu)設(she)施、科(ke)研監測設(she)施、宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)育設(she)施,完成(cheng)修(xiu)繕工程,開展綜合(he)科(ke)學考察,建(jian)立地(di)理(li)信息系統和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性數據庫。
戰略地位
甘肅張掖黑河濕地國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)建(jian)設和發展事(shi)(shi)關(guan)甘、青(qing)、蒙三省區(qu)乃(nai)至我國(guo)北方(fang)地區(qu)的(de)生(sheng)態屏障,事(shi)(shi)關(guan)國(guo)家航(hang)天事(shi)(shi)業(ye)和國(guo)防建(jian)設。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)建(jian)立,在涵(han)養水(shui)(shui)源、調節氣候、凈化水(shui)(shui)質、防風固沙、減輕沙塵(chen)(chen)暴(bao)危害、阻(zu)止巴丹吉林沙漠南(nan)侵,特別是在維系黑河流域經濟社會可持(chi)續發展、阻(zu)斷京津地區(qu)西(xi)路(lu)沙塵(chen)(chen),確保完成(cheng)國(guo)務(wu)院確定的(de)下(xia)游年分水(shui)(shui)指標,維護(hu)(hu)區(qu)域生(sheng)態安全等方(fang)面(mian)有極其重要的(de)作用。
中國黑河流(liu)域(張掖)濕地保(bao)護工程,對于維護國土生(sheng)態(tai)安全,保(bao)護生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性、改善區域生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境和維系流(liu)域綠(lv)洲生(sheng)態(tai)安全都具有特(te)殊的戰略意義。
張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)黑河濕(shi)地(di)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級自然保(bao)護區的建立(li),將(jiang)黑河濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)護和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)方發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標上升和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)融入了(le)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)戰(zhan)(zhan)略,使(shi)(shi)張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)真(zhen)正(zheng)成為(wei)(wei)坐落在祁(qi)連山和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)黑河濕(shi)地(di)兩個國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級自然保(bao)護區之中(zhong)的城市(shi),由此張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的背景、環(huan)境(jing)、條件(jian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)整體功能發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)根本(ben)性(xing)變化,張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在全(quan)省的區域發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰(zhan)(zhan)略中(zhong)分(fen)工和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)布局(ju)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)清晰,特色更(geng)為(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)明,也進(jin)一步印證了(le)張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“生(sheng)態安(an)全(quan)屏障、立(li)體交通(tong)(tong)樞紐、經濟(ji)(ji)通(tong)(tong)道”戰(zhan)(zhan)略定位的準確性(xing),使(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態建設、現代(dai)農業和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)通(tong)(tong)道經濟(ji)(ji)三項重點更(geng)為(wei)(wei)突出,必(bi)將(jiang)贏得更(geng)多發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)機遇和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)更(geng)大發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)空(kong)間。同時(shi),張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)積極順應國(guo)家(jia)(jia)建設生(sheng)態安(an)全(quan)屏障的時(shi)代(dai)要求,把國(guo)家(jia)(jia)利益與自身的特色緊密結合,堅持“南保(bao)青(qing)龍、北鎖黃龍、中(zhong)建綠洲生(sheng)態城市(shi)”,以(yi)此保(bao)護和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)建設生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing),推(tui)動綠洲經濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會可持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
張掖發展
(一(yi))以生(sheng)態建(jian)(jian)設(she)為(wei)重點建(jian)(jian)設(she)生(sheng)態文明城(cheng)市。張掖的生(sheng)態建(jian)(jian)設(she)集中(zhong)表現為(wei)南部(bu)祁連(lian)山(shan)水源涵養區的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、中(zhong)部(bu)綠洲的優(you)化保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和北部(bu)荒(huang)漠戈壁的防(fang)護(hu)(hu)治理,這三個部(bu)分是一(yi)個自然系統,其經濟(ji)社會發展活動絕不(bu)可超越這個系統的承載閾值(zhi)。積極(ji)順應(ying)國家(jia)建(jian)(jian)設(she)生(sheng)態安全屏障的時代要求,把(ba)國家(jia)利益與張掖的特色(se)、“三農(nong)”工(gong)作的特點緊(jin)密結合。
南部,積(ji)極推進祁連(lian)山國家級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)補(bu)償(chang)試驗區建(jian)設,加(jia)強冰川、森林、草原、濕地保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu),實施退耕還林、退牧還草、人工造林、封山育林(草)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)恢復(fu)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)工程(cheng),探索(suo)和(he)運用生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)補(bu)償(chang)機制,逐步將(jiang)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區核(he)心(xin)區的農牧民(min)轉為生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)管護(hu)人員,發展生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游,加(jia)快緩(huan)沖區農村勞動(dong)力轉移,最大限度地減(jian)少人為破壞,提(ti)高(gao)水源涵養能(neng)力。
北部,加快(kuai)實施“三北”防護林、防沙治沙等(deng)工程,構筑北部荒(huang)漠(mo)區“綠色(se)長城(cheng)”,阻擋風沙南侵,保護綠洲(zhou)安全。
中(zhong)部綠(lv)洲,我國(guo)(guo)(guo)第二大(da)內陸河(he)黑(hei)河(he)橫穿全(quan)境,孕育了(le)(le)(le)(le)河(he)西走廊最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)洲帶――張(zhang)掖綠(lv)洲。這是一道遏制巴丹吉林(lin)沙(sha)漠(mo)南侵、保(bao)護祁(qi)連山水(shui)源涵養區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)屏(ping)障(zhang),是古絲綢(chou)之路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命保(bao)障(zhang)線,是張(zhang)掖經濟(ji)社會發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集聚區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),也(ye)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)最為(wei)(wei)敏感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脆弱區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。首先申請建(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)(le)張(zhang)掖黑(hei)河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),把整個長300公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)中(zhong)部全(quan)部納入了(le)(le)(le)(le)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),使(shi)(shi)其成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)公益項目(mu)(mu),得到了(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)支(zhi)持(chi),全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六個縣(區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))也(ye)因此(ci)全(quan)部成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)補(bu)償縣(區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))。以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)建(jian)設(she)(she)引領城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she),把實施黑(hei)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)綜(zong)合治理(li)、保(bao)護黑(hei)河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)緊密(mi)結合,使(shi)(shi)黑(hei)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)兩岸(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甘(gan)州(zhou)(zhou)、臨澤(ze)、高(gao)臺三縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)別(bie)(bie)具一格,宜(yi)居宜(yi)游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)般(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正在(zai)(zai)應運而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。特別(bie)(bie)是市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)府所(suo)在(zai)(zai)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甘(gan)州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),以(yi)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)“1+5”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)框架(jia)已全(quan)面形成(cheng)。老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),保(bao)護古跡,打(da)造歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),建(jian)設(she)(she)以(yi)大(da)佛(fo)寺(si)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)廣場(chang)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳承中(zhong)心(xin),拆除了(le)(le)(le)(le)張(zhang)掖賓館(guan)歸還(huan)于(yu)大(da)佛(fo)寺(si),搬遷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)委區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政府讓位于(yu)博物館(guan)、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)館(guan)、圖書館(guan)等(deng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)基礎設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she),更(geng)加(jia)凸現了(le)(le)(le)(le)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風韻(yun)。在(zai)(zai)老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)北,設(she)(she)立循環經濟(ji)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),為(wei)(wei)發展(zhan)(zhan)通道經濟(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源轉化(hua)(hua)、建(jian)設(she)(she)循環工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)工(gong)項目(mu)(mu)提供宜(yi)商(shang)宜(yi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)平(ping)(ping)臺。在(zai)(zai)循環經濟(ji)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之間,恢(hui)復了(le)(le)(le)(le)3萬畝天然(ran)濕(shi)(shi)地,建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)離(li)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最近(jin)、面積最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。依托國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),借黑(hei)河(he)治理(li)項目(mu)(mu),治理(li)亂墳崗(gang)、采(cai)砂場(chang),建(jian)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)20平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)水(shui)天一色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濱(bin)(bin)河(he)新(xin)(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。在(zai)(zai)老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)南部,建(jian)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)20平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)綠(lv)洲現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗示范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。緊靠綠(lv)洲現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗示范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),將原有(you)20平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)漠(mo)沙(sha)丘正努(nu)力(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)離(li)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)沙(sha)漠(mo)地質公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。如此(ci),著力(li)彰(zhang)顯著“濕(shi)(shi)地之城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”、“戈壁(bi)水(shui)鄉(xiang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特魅力(li),使(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和諧(xie)(xie)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),古韻(yun)新(xin)(xin)風交相(xiang)輝映,人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自然(ran)和諧(xie)(xie)相(xiang)處,形成(cheng)以(yi)老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin),西有(you)濱(bin)(bin)河(he)新(xin)(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),北有(you)循環經濟(ji)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),南有(you)綠(lv)洲現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗示范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和沙(sha)漠(mo)地質公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)間有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)屏(ping)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5個新(xin)(xin)型功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)集成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“1+5”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)框架(jia),從而把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)與(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、歷(li)史(shi)與(yu)現代、人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自然(ran)、空間布局與(yu)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構有(you)機統籌起來,構成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)宜(yi)居宜(yi)游宜(yi)商(shang)、更(geng)宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
(二)以生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)綠(lv)色(se)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品為(wei)重點建(jian)設(she)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)大市。水(shui)是(shi)張掖綠(lv)洲(zhou)經濟(ji)社會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)要素。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)灌(guan)溉用水(shui)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)用水(shui)在(zai)沙漠戈壁之中是(shi)一(yi)對(dui)天然(ran)的(de)(de)矛盾(dun)。因此(ci)(ci),尋求(qiu)(qiu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)平衡點,則成(cheng)為(wei)必須(xu)要面對(dui)的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)科(ke)學而現(xian)實(shi)的(de)(de)重大問題。這樣,客觀(guan)要求(qiu)(qiu)必須(xu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)節水(shui)、高效、綠(lv)色(se)的(de)(de)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye),改變用水(shui)方式,把(ba)節約(yue)的(de)(de)水(shui)還給自然(ran)、還給生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai),把(ba)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)與(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護相統一(yi),把(ba)張掖的(de)(de)地(di)方要求(qiu)(qiu)與(yu)(yu)國(guo)家建(jian)設(she)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全屏障的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)相統一(yi)。為(wei)此(ci)(ci),與(yu)(yu)中國(guo)科(ke)學院、中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)科(ke)院一(yi)道發(fa)(fa)起舉辦(ban)了“綠(lv)洲(zhou)論壇”,以求(qiu)(qiu)指導張掖在(zai)流(liu)域系統內(nei),積極探索建(jian)立統籌(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)建(jian)設(she)與(yu)(yu)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)相生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)相伴的(de)(de)耦(ou)合體系,使區域內(nei)以水(shui)為(wei)主線的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)經濟(ji)系統在(zai)更高層次(ci)上實(shi)現(xian)協調(diao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),從而步入生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)越好→農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量越優→農(nong)(nong)業(ye)綜(zong)合效益越高的(de)(de)良性循環。
按照“多采光(guang)、少(shao)用水、節省(sheng)地、高效(xiao)益”的(de)(de)要求,結合(he)(he)黑(hei)河濕地國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she),以(yi)節水、生態、高效(xiao)為(wei)主要特征,大(da)力(li)發展制(zhi)種、肉牛(niu)、釀酒(jiu)葡(pu)萄、馬(ma)鈴薯、番茄等特色優勢(shi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),就會在國(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略的(de)(de)推動下,加快張掖向農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強市邁進的(de)(de)步伐。與中國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)科院合(he)(he)作共建(jian)了(le)“張掖綠(lv)洲現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)試驗(yan)示(shi)范(fan)園區”,現(xian)已成(cheng)為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)首批、甘肅唯一的(de)(de)“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)區”。把現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)試驗(yan)示(shi)范(fan)區建(jian)設(she)同農(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞動力(li)技(ji)能培訓結合(he)(he)起(qi)來,已連(lian)續(xu)3年實(shi)施30萬(wan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞動力(li)技(ji)能培訓工(gong)程,近20萬(wan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞動力(li)素質技(ji)能得到較大(da)提升,形成(cheng)了(le)“前引后推”的(de)(de)發展格局,為(wei)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)深入推進奠定(ding)了(le)基礎、創造了(le)條件。
(三)以(yi)發展(zhan)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)經濟(ji)為重(zhong)點建設服務型特色(se)城市。加快(kuai)改善以(yi)交通(tong)(tong)為重(zhong)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)設施建設,積(ji)極(ji)打通(tong)(tong)省(sheng)際(ji)“斷頭(tou)路(lu)(lu)”,擴大通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)截面,構建“暢通(tong)(tong)張掖(ye)”。通(tong)(tong)過打通(tong)(tong)南至(zhi)青海祁連縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao),改造(zao)北(bei)至(zhi)內蒙(meng)阿右(you)旗(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公路(lu)(lu),使現有通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)承東啟西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)發揮得(de)(de)更充分,覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)更廣,成為連接青藏高原和內蒙(meng)古(gu)高原的(de)(de)(de)(de)大通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)。發展(zhan)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)經濟(ji),必須得(de)(de)有豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)流。積(ji)極(ji)推(tui)動區(qu)域(yu)旅游(you)產業合(he)作發展(zhan),南與青海門(men)源、祁連縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態旅游(you)相(xiang)結盟(meng),北(bei)與內蒙(meng)古(gu)阿右(you)旗(qi)沙漠旅游(you)相(xiang)聯合(he),東西(xi)與絲綢之路(lu)(lu)文化旅游(you)相(xiang)銜接,打造(zao)區(qu)域(yu)旅游(you)精品線路(lu)(lu),建設游(you)客服務中心(xin),形成無障礙(ai)旅游(you)協作區(qu),把(ba)張掖(ye)打造(zao)成“七彩(cai)丹霞、濕(shi)地(di)之城、裕(yu)固家(jia)園、戈壁水(shui)鄉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游(you)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)和區(qu)域(yu)性中心(xin)旅游(you)城市。
與(yu)張(zhang)掖接壤的(de)南北兩大高原都是資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)富集區(qu)(qu),但要(yao)將資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)轉化為(wei)經(jing)濟優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi),必(bi)然要(yao)借助(zhu)于河西走(zou)廊的(de)交通(tong)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)。張(zhang)掖市生(sheng)態環境(jing)、發展(zhan)水(shui)平、公共保障能力相(xiang)對較好,具有(you)宜(yi)居、宜(yi)游、宜(yi)學(xue)、宜(yi)行、宜(yi)醫、宜(yi)商、宜(yi)業的(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi),將這些(xie)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)充分發揮出(chu)來,與(yu)青海、內蒙等周邊省區(qu)(qu)的(de)相(xiang)鄰縣區(qu)(qu)共建(jian)張(zhang)掖經(jing)濟技術開發區(qu)(qu),在幫助(zhu)把資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)轉化為(wei)經(jing)濟優(you)(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)的(de)過程(cheng)中發展(zhan)自己(ji)。樹立在為(wei)人服(fu)務中發展(zhan)自己(ji)、在給人以便利中發展(zhan)自己(ji)的(de)理念,建(jian)設服(fu)務型(xing)政府,優(you)(you)(you)(you)化通(tong)道軟硬(ying)環境(jing),完善(shan)服(fu)務功能,創(chuang)造(zao)良好的(de)人文(wen)環境(jing)、法制環境(jing),使各類生(sheng)產要(yao)素的(de)聚(ju)集流動更加(jia)活躍和通(tong)暢(chang),加(jia)快通(tong)道經(jing)濟發展(zhan)。
與(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設(she)、現代農(nong)業和通(tong)道經濟(ji)三項工作(zuo)重(zhong)點相(xiang)對(dui)應,張(zhang)(zhang)掖的(de)奮(fen)斗目標就是(shi)建(jian)設(she)生(sheng)態(tai)文明大市(shi)、現代農(nong)業大市(shi)、通(tong)道經濟(ji)特色市(shi)。張(zhang)(zhang)掖本身又是(shi)一個多(duo)民(min)族(zu)(zu)聚(ju)居的(de)地區,南北兩邊都與(yu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)地區接壤,不論是(shi)維護自身團結(jie)穩(wen)定(ding),還(huan)是(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)通(tong)道經濟(ji),客觀上要(yao)求必(bi)須加(jia)強(qiang)民(min)族(zu)(zu)團結(jie),維護民(min)族(zu)(zu)地區的(de)和諧(xie)穩(wen)定(ding)與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)。所(suo)以,建(jian)設(she)民(min)族(zu)(zu)團結(jie)進步市(shi)也就成為張(zhang)(zhang)掖發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)應有目標之一。