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一.產品介紹

汝陽(yang)杜(du)仲是河南省(sheng)洛(luo)陽(yang)市汝陽(yang)縣的特產。汝陽(yang)杜(du)仲具補肝腎(shen)、強(qiang)筋骨、降血壓、安胎等諸多功效。2000年汝陽(yang)縣被中國經濟林協(xie)會命(ming)名為“全國杜(du)仲之(zhi)鄉”。

河南汝(ru)陽(yang)地(di)處豫西(xi)山(shan)區(qu)，全(quan)縣(xian)總面積199.7萬畝，其中：林業用地(di)面積111.3萬畝，全(quan)縣(xian)森林覆(fu)蓋率51.5%，汝(ru)陽(yang)縣(xian)屬暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林帶，地(di)形復雜，氣候差異大，林業資源豐富，植物種(zhong)類繁多，其優越的自然條(tiao)件十分有(you)利于(yu)杜仲的生長(chang)發育。

新(xin)中(zhong)國60年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)歷了(le)(le)大(da)落大(da)起(qi)的(de)變化，1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前，汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)合抱(bao)粗的(de)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹到(dao)處洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)源杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)發(fa)有限公(gong)司(si)獲譽眾多可見，1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，隨(sui)著(zhu)大(da)煉鋼鐵運動的(de)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)，杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾乎被(bei)(bei)(bei)毀殆盡。在(zai)20世紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代，隨(sui)著(zhu)改革開(kai)放(fang)的(de)不斷(duan)深(shen)入，杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥用及(ji)(ji)民用需求日益(yi)增大(da)，汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)提(ti)出了(le)(le)大(da)力發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)可行(xing)性(xing)規劃，并(bing)于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)元(yuan)月向河(he)南省林(lin)(lin)(lin)業廳(ting)提(ti)交了(le)(le)“建立十萬畝(mu)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)”的(de)可行(xing)性(xing)報告，1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)河(he)南省林(lin)(lin)(lin)業廳(ting)批(pi)準(zhun)汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)縣(xian)；1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又被(bei)(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業部批(pi)準(zhun)為(wei)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)縣(xian)，1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國家計委和林(lin)(lin)(lin)業部聯(lian)合確定汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)國家以工(gong)代賑林(lin)(lin)(lin)業扶貧示范項目(mu)，從而(er)使汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)建設(she)又上(shang)了(le)(le)一個新(xin)臺階。目(mu)前，全(quan)縣(xian)已發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)21.5萬畝(mu)，占全(quan)縣(xian)經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)(lin)總面積(ji)36.8萬畝(mu)的(de)58.4%，杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮、葉及(ji)(ji)系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達1560萬公(gong)斤，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總產(chan)(chan)值1.2億(yi)元(yuan)，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)國經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)(lin)協會命名為(wei)“全(quan)國杜仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之鄉”。

龍翁詩杜仲保(bao)健茶功效顯著 杜仲發展伊始，汝陽縣委、縣政府就(jiu)明確(que)提出了(le)“規模發展、集約經營(ying)、整體效益、長久優勢(shi)”的發展思路，堅持(chi)一手(shou)抓(zhua)資源培育，一手(shou)抓(zhua)資源保(bao)護，造(zao)、管(guan)并(bing)重的方(fang)針。圍繞這一思路，制定了(le)杜仲基地建(jian)設發展總體規劃，并(bing)提交縣人大審議(yi)通過，使(shi)杜仲基地納入法制化軌道。

為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)含量(liang)，在基(ji)(ji)(ji)地建設(she)的(de)(de)同時，成立(li)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)課題(ti)(ti)研究小組(zu)，對杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育苗(miao)技(ji)(ji)術、剝(bo)皮再(zai)生利用(yong)、杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)質資源進(jin)行(xing)了調查研究工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，調查了全(quan)國11個(ge)省、市(shi)(shi)、區，收集品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)及變種(zhong)28個(ge)，從中篩選出優(you)(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)13個(ge)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)粉作為(wei)飼料(liao)添加(jia)劑(ji)喂雞，其中華仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1－5號杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優(you)(you)良系，已被國家納(na)入“星(xing)火計(ji)劃”項目。“杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)質及剝(bo)皮技(ji)(ji)術研究”課題(ti)(ti)獲(huo)河南省人(ren)民政府科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)進(jin)步三等獎，河南省林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)進(jin)步二等獎。 隨著杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地的(de)(de)擴(kuo)大和皮、葉(xie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)逐年增加(jia)，汝(ru)陽縣委、縣政府按照產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化的(de)(de)要求，把廉價(jia)出售皮、葉(xie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)轉向以加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)增值為(wei)主的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)系列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)來，使林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)向工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)延伸，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)與(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)配套，走出一條“山(shan)上(shang)建基(ji)(ji)(ji)地，山(shan)下辦工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)，山(shan)外(wai)拓市(shi)(shi)場，科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創高(gao)效(xiao)”的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化開發(fa)路子(zi)，自1990年以來，先后建成洛陽市(shi)(shi)“天(tian)然綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有限公司(si)、洛陽樹仁公司(si)、洛陽市(shi)(shi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)源杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開發(fa)有限公司(si)、北京山(shan)里紅杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飲品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有限公司(si)”，研制開發(fa)出具(ju)有穩壓(ya)、健體、強身的(de)(de)口服液系列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保健茶、飲品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)系列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，從根本(ben)上(shang)解決了我縣發(fa)展杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)后顧之憂，為(wei)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)再(zai)上(shang)新臺階注(zhu)入了新的(de)(de)活力。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況 包(bao)括(kuo)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)、pH值、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥力狀況和(he)(he)地(di)形地(di)貌等典型(xing)特征。 汝陽杜仲主要分布在(zai)南部山(shan)區，屬秦嶺余脈(mo)、外方山(shan)區，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)主要是褐土(tu)(tu)，其(qi)次是石質土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)粗(cu)骨(gu)土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)層厚度多(duo)數(shu)(shu)在(zai)80cm以上。PH值7.1～8.1之間(jian)，有機質含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)11.1～31.3g/kg，全氮含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)為0.54～2.75g/kg,有效(xiao)(xiao)磷(lin)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)12.5～33.4g/kg,速效(xiao)(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)71～378mg/kg，富含(han)(han)多(duo)種(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素(su)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)相對(dui)疏松。森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率88%。環境優良，零工業，無污染。海拔在(zai)1000～1600m。 2.2水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況 包(bao)括(kuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質情(qing)況及影響因子。 保護區境內流域面積分屬黃(huang)、淮兩大流域，地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)蘊藏豐富，充足(zu)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為汝陽香菇提供了良好的灌溉條(tiao)件。 2.3氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況 包(bao)括(kuo)季(ji)風、溫(wen)度、濕度、日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)和(he)(he)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)等特殊(shu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候因子。 汝陽縣(xian)地(di)處東亞中緯度地(di)帶，屬暖溫(wen)帶半濕潤季(ji)風區大陸(lu)性(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候 。其(qi)特點：光照(zhao)充足(zu)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)(he)，四季(ji)分明。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)≧0℃積溫(wen)5181℃，年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃，年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)673.1mm，無霜期213天左右(you)；年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)(shu)為2164小時(shi)。冬季(ji)寒冷(leng)少雨(yu)雪，春季(ji)干旱多(duo)風，夏季(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨(yu)，秋季(ji)天高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)爽，晝夜溫(wen)差大。

三.地域范圍

汝(ru)陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)地域保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)河南省洛(luo)陽(yang)市汝(ru)陽(yang)縣境內，涉及城關鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、上店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、柏樹鄉(xiang)、十八(ba)盤鄉(xiang)、付店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、靳村鄉(xiang)、三屯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、劉店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、王坪鄉(xiang)、蔡店(dian)鄉(xiang)共10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。汝(ru)陽(yang)杜仲(zhong)保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)地理(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)經112°8′—112 °38′，北(bei)緯33°49′—34°21′之(zhi)間，生產規模1.67萬公頃，年(nian)產量(liang) 3萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感(gan)(gan)(gan)官特(te)(te)征 是指通(tong)過(guo)人的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)官（視覺(jue)、味覺(jue)、嗅覺(jue)、觸覺(jue)等）能夠感(gan)(gan)(gan)知、感(gan)(gan)(gan)受到的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊品質及風味特(te)(te)征。 汝陽杜(du)仲干葉(xie)(xie)呈(cheng)(cheng)暗綠(lv)色或褐(he)(he)色，葉(xie)(xie)片厚(hou)實，斷(duan)面(mian)有(you)均(jun)勻橡膠(jiao)絲，銀白(bai)色，富彈(dan)性。杜(du)仲皮(pi)(pi)為扁平的(de)(de)(de)板片狀或兩邊(bian)稍(shao)向(xiang)內卷(juan)的(de)(de)(de)塊(kuai)片，少數(shu)為微(wei)曲薄片，厚(hou)約2～7mm。杜(du)仲外表(biao)面(mian)淺棕色或灰褐(he)(he)色，未刮凈(jing)粗皮(pi)(pi)者可見(jian)縱(zong)溝或裂(lie)(lie)紋，具(ju)斜方形(xing)橫裂(lie)(lie)皮(pi)(pi)孔，厚(hou)者具(ju)縱(zong)槽狀皮(pi)(pi)孔，內皮(pi)(pi)呈(cheng)(cheng)暗紫褐(he)(he)色，斷(duan)面(mian)橡膠(jiao)絲多而(er)密(mi)。味苦，嚼之始有(you)顆粒(li)感(gan)(gan)(gan)，后有(you)棉花感(gan)(gan)(gan)。種(zhong)子(zi)扁平，線形(xing)，長1.4～1.5㎝，寬(kuan)3 mm，兩端(duan)圓(yuan)形(xing)，堅果(guo)位于中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)，稍(shao)突起。 4.2內在品質特(te)(te)征 是指需要通(tong)過(guo)儀器檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)可量(liang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)理化(hua)指標。 根據農(nong)業部農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)監督檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)測(ce)試中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)（鄭州）檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)結果(guo)顯示，汝陽杜(du)仲內在品質指標：綠(lv)原(yuan)酸8.10～9.90g/kg。 4.3安(an)全(quan)要求 明確登記(ji)產(chan)(chan)品市(shi)場準入(ru)(ru)所遵循的(de)(de)(de)國家強(qiang)制性技術規范(fan)名稱、具(ju)體內容和相關法律法規規定。嚴格按照《中(zhong)(zhong)藥材生產(chan)(chan)質量(liang)管理規范(fan)（GAP）》標準進行(xing)，禁止(zhi)使用未依(yi)法登記(ji)和國家明令禁止(zhi)使用的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業投入(ru)(ru)品，推(tui)行(xing)標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)，切(qie)實保障杜(du)仲質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze) 選(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)(shen)厚(hou)(hou)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松、富含有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)透氣良(liang)好(hao)(hao)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)酸性至微堿性、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)向陽(yang)緩坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)，周(zhou)邊環(huan)(huan)境(jing)不(bu)得有(you)污染源。在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)準(zhun)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工業(ye)廢棄物，城市垃圾和(he)(he)污泥(ni)，不(bu)得使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)未(wei)經發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)腐(fu)熟的(de)(de)人(ren)畜糞便(bian)等(deng)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)，防(fang)止污染產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。 3.2 品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze) 汝陽(yang)杜仲的(de)(de)主(zhu)栽品(pin)種(zhong)為(wei)汝陽(yang)野生(sheng)(sheng)杜仲馴化品(pin)種(zhong)，主(zhu)要特(te)征是：根(gen)(gen)(gen)莖短粗(cu)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)數條(tiao)，長(chang)圓柱狀(zhuang)，略(lve)彎曲，長(chang)約(yue)20cm(有(you)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)33cm),直經0.3～1.5cm。新(xin)根(gen)(gen)(gen)表面紅棕色(se)(se)，粗(cu)糙，具縱橫紋。老根(gen)(gen)(gen)外(wai)(wai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)疏(shu)松，多顯紫棕色(se)(se)，斷面疏(shu)松，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)硬而脆，有(you)裂隙或(huo)(huo)略(lve)平整(zheng)而致密(mi)，皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)部(bu)棕紅色(se)(se)，氣微，味微苦澀。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 汝陽(yang)杜仲生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)包括選(xuan)種(zhong)及(ji)處理(li)(li)(li)、育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、移(yi)栽、大(da)(da)田(tian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、病(bing)(bing)蟲害防(fang)治、采(cai)收(shou)(shou)加(jia)(jia)工等(deng)步驟。 3.3.1 選(xuan)種(zhong)及(ji)處理(li)(li)(li) 杜仲種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)壞(huai)受多種(zhong)因素的(de)(de)影響。目前(qian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)上多根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)觀特(te)征進(jin)行(xing)(xing)鑒(jian)別。合(he)(he)(he)格種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)播種(zhong)時的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率應(ying)在(zai)(zai)50％以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，如采(cai)取(qu)低(di)溫或(huo)(huo)密(mi)封保存(cun)，優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率可(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)90％以(yi)(yi)(yi)上。汝陽(yang)杜仲選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)新(xin)鮮，有(you)光澤，棕黃(huang)至棕褐(he)色(se)(se)；種(zhong)仁(ren)處突出(chu)明顯，種(zhong)仁(ren)充實(shi)、飽(bao)滿，剝(bo)(bo)出(chu)胚乳為(wei)米黃(huang)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，放(fang)入60℃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡(pao)，自(zi)然降(jiang)溫，保持20℃，浸泡(pao)2～3d，當種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)膨(peng)脹，果皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)軟化后(hou)取(qu)出(chu)，控凈(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)待(dai)播。 3.3.2育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.3.2.1 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)建立 育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)濕潤、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)緩坡地(di)(di)(di)(di),秋季(ji)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di),施(shi)(shi)(shi)足基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),然后(hou)做(zuo)(zuo)床(chuang)并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)消毒。山地(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)(zuo)床(chuang)應(ying)順山走(zou)勢,床(chuang)面寬(kuan)(kuan)1.2～1.5m,便(bian)于(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye),長(chang)度(du)(du)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢而定(ding),一(yi)(yi)般長(chang)度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)3～5m。平地(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)(zuo)床(chuang)應(ying)挖(wa)深(shen)(shen)(shen)25～30cm、寬(kuan)(kuan)1.0～1.2m、長(chang)度(du)(du)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)形而定(ding)的(de)(de)長(chang)方(fang)形作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)畦(qi)床(chuang)。 3.3.2.2 播種(zhong) 將處理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)拌入草木(mu)灰和(he)(he)干土(tu)(tu)(tu)，山地(di)(di)(di)(di)播種(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)播(壟(long)式(shi)),行(xing)(xing)距(ju)20～25cm,株距(ju)10cm,深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)2～3cm,覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚(hou)(hou)1～2cm,厚(hou)(hou)薄要均(jun)勻。每(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)量(liang)(liang)4～5kg，播后(hou)澆透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。上面覆蓋(gai)雜草或(huo)(huo)樹(shu)葉(xie)(xie),防(fang)止土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)晚霜為(wei)害,在(zai)(zai)不(bu)影響苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)情況下,覆蓋(gai)物可(ke)(ke)(ke)留(liu)于(yu)床(chuang)面。 3.3.2.3 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)是間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，剔(ti)除(chu)過(guo)(guo)密(mi)、病(bing)(bing)害幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，拔除(chu)雜草。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)墑(di)情及(ji)時澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.3.3 整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di) 于(yu)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)春季(ji)2月下旬～3月上旬進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。每(mei)畝(mu)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)3m3，或(huo)(huo)100 kg三(san)元復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻(fan)25～30cm。作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi)寬(kuan)(kuan)1.5～2m，利(li)于(yu)灌(guan)溉(gai)。 3.3.4移(yi)栽 汝陽(yang)杜仲移(yi)栽在(zai)(zai)春天(tian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，移(yi)栽要全面翻(fan)耕(geng)(geng)，挖(wa)直徑(jing)約(yue)70cm，深(shen)(shen)(shen)70cm的(de)(de)坑(keng)，坑(keng)內(nei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，且與土(tu)(tu)(tu)混合(he)(he)(he)均(jun)勻，每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)1000～1500kg，株行(xing)(xing)距(ju)1.5m*2m，選(xuan)擇(ze)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高100cm左(zuo)(zuo)右的(de)(de)無病(bing)(bing)害種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，邊起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)邊移(yi)栽。 3.3.5 大(da)(da)田(tian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 3.3.5.1 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草 移(yi)栽當年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)般中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)3到4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，結合(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)掉田(tian)間(jian)雜草。 3.3.5.2 追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)春季(ji)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)和(he)(he)秋季(ji)落葉(xie)(xie)后(hou)各施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)，起(qi)到促苗(miao)(miao)(miao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)；第二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)三(san)元復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。 3.3.5.3 灌(guan)溉(gai)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數應(ying)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)氣候條(tiao)件而定(ding)，降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)約(yue)600毫升，正(zheng)常年(nian)(nian)(nian)份可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)小于(yu)600毫升，應(ying)灌(guan)3～4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)，新(xin)梢生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)，休眠期(qi)各灌(guan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，剝(bo)(bo)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)前(qian)3～5d灌(guan)溉(gai)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。如遇連陰雨天(tian)氣，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)出(chu)現積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時，應(ying)及(ji)時排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.3.5.4 病(bing)(bing)蟲害防(fang)治 杜仲病(bing)(bing)害主(zhu)要有(you)猝倒病(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)、根(gen)(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)，猝倒病(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)葉(xie)(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)初期(qi)噴65%代森鋅(xin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)500～600倍液，25d噴一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)70%甲基(ji)托布津可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)，挖(wa)寬(kuan)(kuan)30～45cm，深(shen)(shen)(shen)50～70cm環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)溝3～5條(tiao)，100～150g/株，施(shi)(shi)(shi)入樹(shu)冠外(wai)(wai)圍。 3.3.5.5 采(cai)收(shou)(shou)加(jia)(jia)工 杜仲種(zhong)植一(yi)(yi)般當年(nian)(nian)(nian)就可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)葉(xie)(xie)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，采(cai)葉(xie)(xie)于(yu)8～10月進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，晴天(tian)選(xuan)成(cheng)熟綠葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，自(zi)然曬干即可(ke)(ke)(ke)。杜仲種(zhong)植10～15年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上才能開(kai)始剝(bo)(bo)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)，剝(bo)(bo)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)于(yu)4～6月進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸(ju)子(zi)(zi)齊(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面鋸(ju)一(yi)(yi)環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口，深(shen)(shen)(shen)達(da)木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)，向上80cm處再鋸(ju)第二道環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口，在(zai)(zai)2個環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)口中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)縱割一(yi)(yi)切口，用(yong)(yong)(yong)竹片刀從縱割口輕輕剝(bo)(bo)邊，使(shi)樹(shu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)與木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分離。剝(bo)(bo)下杜仲皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)開(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)燙后(hou)，層(ceng)層(ceng)緊實(shi)重(zhong)疊平放(fang)在(zai)(zai)麥草墊底的(de)(de)平地(di)(di)(di)(di)上，上蓋(gai)木(mu)板，加(jia)(jia)重(zhong)物壓實(shi)，四周(zhou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)草圍緊，使(shi)其發(fa)(fa)(fa)汗，7d左(zuo)(zuo)右，內(nei)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)呈暗紫褐(he)色(se)(se)，取(qu)出(chu)曬干，刮去粗(cu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)。 3.3.5.6 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄 在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設專人(ren)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下記(ji)錄：生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)(cheng)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱(cheng)(cheng)、方(fang)式(shi)、時間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥名稱(cheng)(cheng)、防(fang)治對象、方(fang)式(shi)、時間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)(liang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲、倉(cang)儲(chu)、銷售(shou)等(deng)項目名稱(cheng)(cheng)、方(fang)式(shi)、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)。