一.產品介紹
血(xue)桃外表是(shi)暗紅(hong)(hong)色(se)毛(mao)毛(mao)糙糙的(de)(de)(de)沒什么看頭(tou)。個頭(tou)也不大,頭(tou)有點尖尖的(de)(de)(de)。可是(shi)一(yi)口咬開里頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)瓤(rang)是(shi)血(xue)絲般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong),就像身體上的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)血(xue)管,一(yi)根根 ,連(lian)汁水(shui)都是(shi)血(xue)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)。那么的(de)(de)(de)濃烈(lie)、沁入心脾。這種桃子叫做(zuo)“血(xue)桃”。
形態特征
血桃為荔(li)波血桃,色(se)澤鮮(xian)(xian)艷、口感爽脆、果(guo)(guo)肉呈鮮(xian)(xian)紅色(se),品德上乘。紫血桃月15日(ri)成熟(shu),單果(guo)(guo)重250克(ke),最大500克(ke),果(guo)(guo)近圓形,果(guo)(guo)面紫紅色(se),果(guo)(guo)肉鮮(xian)(xian)紅色(se),其汁如血,含糖14%,甜酸可(ke)口,風味精美,品德上等,較耐儲運,可(ke)自然貯(zhu)存7-10天。不裂果(guo)(guo),豐收性強。
營養價值
血桃的(de)養分價值血桃有補益氣(qi)血,養陰生津的(de)作用,可用于大病之后(hou),氣(qi)血虧虛,面黃肌瘦(shou),心悸(ji)氣(qi)短者;
血桃(tao)(tao)的含(han)鐵量(liang)較高,是(shi)缺鐵性貧血病人(ren)(ren)的理想幫(bang)助(zhu)食物;血桃(tao)(tao)含(han)鉀多,含(han)鈉少,合適(shi)水腫病人(ren)(ren)食用(yong)(yong);血桃(tao)(tao)仁有活血化淤,潤腸通便作用(yong)(yong),可用(yong)(yong)于閉經跌打(da)損傷等幫(bang)助(zhu)治(zhi)療;血桃(tao)(tao)仁提取物有抗凝血作用(yong)(yong),并能克制咳嗽(sou)中樞而(er)止咳,同(tong)時能使(shi)血壓降落,可用(yong)(yong)于高血壓病人(ren)(ren)的幫(bang)助(zhu)治(zhi)療。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang) 熊(xiong)背(bei)地(di)處魯山(shan)西南部,位于(yu)(yu)伏牛山(shan)東(dong)麓與平(ping)(ping)原交界地(di)帶(dai),地(di)貌(mao)屬(shu)淺山(shan)丘陵到高(gao)山(shan)的過渡地(di)帶(dai),山(shan)川縱橫,以中山(shan)為主,海拔150-620米(mi)(mi)之間,平(ping)(ping)均海拔200米(mi)(mi)。最高(gao)主峰是(shi)(shi)大石(shi)(shi)垛,海拔620米(mi)(mi),最低(di)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)泉寺瀼河(he)(he)河(he)(he)底,海拔150米(mi)(mi),整體地(di)勢西高(gao)東(dong)低(di)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型包括石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)和粗骨土(tu)(tu)兩類,部分(fen)淺山(shan)丘陵地(di)帶(dai)有黃棕壤(rang)土(tu)(tu),據縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)肥站測定(ding)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)0.83%、全(quan)氮0.078%、有效磷25.98ppm、速(su)效鉀95ppm,pH值5.6-6.8,鐵含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)47.83ppm,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)通透性好,無污(wu)染源(yuan),非常適合(he)血桃生長。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang) 境內水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富。熊(xiong)背(bei)鄉(xiang)屬(shu)魯山(shan)縣(xian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)中心之一,平(ping)(ping)均年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)在950mm,全(quan)鄉(xiang)有主要河(he)(he)流(liu)2條,其中包括瀼河(he)(he)、草店河(he)(he),全(quan)長29公里(li),另有石(shi)(shi)珂水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、陰司溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、響潭(tan)溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、里(li)溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)總儲水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)64萬(wan)立方米(mi)(mi)。 2.3 氣候情況(kuang) 魯山(shan)縣(xian)熊(xiong)背(bei)鄉(xiang)屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)大陸性季風氣候,晝夜溫差(cha)(cha)較大,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣溫14.8℃,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足,年(nian)均日照(zhao)(zhao)時數在2068小時左右,日照(zhao)(zhao)率47%,無霜期為220天,適合(he)于(yu)(yu)桃樹 種(zhong)植。冬季不甚冷, 春(chun)季回溫快,6、7、8月份(fen)氣溫較高(gao),氣溫日較差(cha)(cha)大,有利于(yu)(yu)干物質(zhi)(zhi)積累,果品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良。
三.地域范圍
“大(da)(da)年溝血桃(tao)(tao)”農產品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志登記地(di)(di)域保護,魯山縣熊背(bei)鄉大(da)(da)年溝、寶山、南子營、大(da)(da)麥王、草(cao)店、熊背(bei)、老(lao)廟(miao)莊、宿王店、黃土嶺、月(yue)明石、桃(tao)(tao)園溝、交(jiao)口等12個行政村,地(di)(di)理坐標為東(dong)經112°45′至(zhi)(zhi)112°49′,北(bei)緯33°36′至(zhi)(zhi)33°41′,東(dong)西(xi)寬5.8公(gong)里,南北(bei)長9.8公(gong)里,適(shi)宜血桃(tao)(tao)生產面積(ji)約3.5萬畝,產量52500噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
4.1 外(wai)在(zai)感官特(te)征(zheng) “大年溝血桃”果(guo)形圓正,紅若丹霞,果(guo)肉、果(guo)核容易分離,富含深(shen)紅似血的果(guo)肉 ,食之綿(mian)軟香甜,回味悠(you)長(chang)。 4.2 內在(zai)品質指標 據(ju)農業部(bu)農產品質量(liang)檢(jian)測(ce)檢(jian)驗鑒定中(zhong)心(鄭(zheng)州)檢(jian)測(ce):每100g “大年溝血桃”中(zhong)可溶性固形物含量(liang)為11~13.5g;維生素C 7.24~7.41㎎;鉀169~190㎎;鈣6.32~7.45mg。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 園(yuan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 大(da)年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)地(di)應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)護區內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石質(zhi)土、粗(cu)骨(gu)土和河谷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由山體沖積(ji)而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)土,盡(jin)可(ke)能有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灌溉條(tiao)件(jian)、環境清(qing)(qing)潔(jie),無污染源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)。產(chan)地(di)環境符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)NY5013—2006 無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食品 林(lin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類產(chan)品產(chan)地(di)環境條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。 3.2 苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)繁育(yu) 3.2.1 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 大(da)年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)是地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)品質(zhi)純正(zheng)(zheng)、無變異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。 3.2.2 砧(zhen)木(mu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)當地(di)山上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)(tao)做(zuo)砧(zhen)木(mu) 。野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)(tao)根(gen)(gen)系發(fa)達,抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang),抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),親(qin)和力強(qiang)(qiang),是繁育(yu)血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)砧(zhen)木(mu)。 3.2.3 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 3.2.3.1播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 大(da)年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)以(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)季(ji)(ji)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)春(chun)播。秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)播一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)土地(di)結(jie)凍前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),春(chun)播在(zai)(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)(xun)土壤(rang)(rang)解凍后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.2.3.2 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa) 秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)播選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子純度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)95%以(yi)(yi)上,發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)率在(zai)(zai)(zai)90%以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,在(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡(pao)2~3d,按(an)寬行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)60㎝~80㎝,窄行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)20㎝~25㎝,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)15㎝播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),溝(gou)深4㎝~5㎝左右,播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)覆土、耙(pa)平(ping)。春(chun)播要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)100-120d,先將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)浸泡(pao)2~3d,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)埋(mai)入含水(shui)(shui)率12%~15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)沙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沙藏,沙藏溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)2℃~7℃。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)同(tong)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)播。 3.2.3.3 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量 留(liu)(liu)(liu)苗(miao)(miao)0.7萬(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/667m2左右,播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量50㎏~60㎏/667㎡。 3.2.4 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)管理 播后(hou)(hou)(hou)保(bao)持土壤(rang)(rang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)松(song)無雜(za)草,結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)灌水(shui)(shui)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)(su)6㎏~8㎏/667㎡。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)(ji)可(ke)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)藥(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)尿素(su)(su)水(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)2~3次(ci)。 3.2.5嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie) 3.2.5.1 嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa) 大(da)年(nian)(nian)溝(gou)血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丁字(zi)形(xing)(xing)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)帶木(mu)質(zhi)部 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.2 嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)(xun)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),芽(ya)(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)和二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.3接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)(sui)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正(zheng)(zheng),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長健壯,無病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)豐產(chan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)作采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)穗(sui)(sui)母(mu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)母(mu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已(yi)木(mu)質(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新梢(shao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)做(zuo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)(sui),剪去葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片,留(liu)(liu)(liu)下葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)布包好(hao)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.2.6 嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)管理 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)7~10d檢(jian)查成(cheng)活(huo)率,未(wei)成(cheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)補接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)活(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou),及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)剪砧(zhen)除(chu)萌(meng)(meng)。芽(ya)(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)和二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)活(huo)苗(miao)(miao)于(yu)翌春(chun)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)上方(fang)(fang)(fang)0.5㎝處剪砧(zhen),促(cu)其接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)萌(meng)(meng)發(fa),砧(zhen)木(mu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)萌(meng)(meng)。剪砧(zhen)后(hou)(hou)(hou),追施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)(su)15㎏~20㎏/667㎡,并(bing)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)、松(song)土保(bao)墑。8~9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)磷酸(suan)二(er)(er)氫鉀(jia)水(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)1~2次(ci)。并(bing)注意及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)(man)類、潛(qian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)、金(jin)龜(gui)子、白粉(fen)(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 3.3 建(jian)(jian)園(yuan) 3.3.1 園(yuan)地(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理 在(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)護區內(nei)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)土層深厚,土壤(rang)(rang)pH值6.0~7.0,排(pai)灌良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坡(po)(po)地(di)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)河谷平(ping)地(di)建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)。丘陵坡(po)(po)地(di)應進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)梯田(tian)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)坑客土方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)定植(zhi)(zhi)。 3.3.2 定植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du) 栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)和修(xiu)剪方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)而(er)定。一(yi)(yi)般自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)型整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)3m×4m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝55株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)3m×2m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝110株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干型整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)2m×1m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝330株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 3.4 整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪 3.4.1 整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing) 3.4.1.1 自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing) 干高(gao)(gao)50cm-60cm,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干上分布錯落(luo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)致(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)正(zheng)(zheng)南;主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)40o~70o;每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)置2個(ge)(ge)~3個(ge)(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈(cheng)順向排(pai)列,側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)70o左右。 3.4.1.2 Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing) 干高(gao)(gao)40cm~50cm,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)60o~90o,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)培(pei)養(yang)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。 3.4.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干形(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干高(gao)(gao)170-200cm,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干基(ji)(ji)部60cm以(yi)(yi)上分布結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge),不(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組. 3.4.2.1 冬季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪 對于(yu)自然(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)和Y字(zi)形(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing) 重(zhong)點(dian)培(pei)養(yang)骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),培(pei)養(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)。對先端生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長勢強(qiang)(qiang),角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)拉(la)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)部分直(zhi)立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩(shuai)放(fang)不(bu)短裁。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干形(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)粗(cu)壯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直(zhi)立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)均勻留(liu)(liu)(liu)取(qu)帶有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)。 3.4.2.2 夏季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)剪除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),抹除(chu)根(gen)(gen)頸(jing)和主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干上無用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)(meng)蘗,定果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、竟爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)摘(zhai)心(xin)、扭梢(shao)、拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控制主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和內(nei)膛萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.5 肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理 3.5.1 基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou),結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)事清(qing)(qing)園(yuan)深翻土壤(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30㎏。 3.5.2 追肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 分三(san)次(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1㎏;在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun),對結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)0.4—0.6㎏; 在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)至(zhi)下旬(xun)(xun)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)鉀(jia)(硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀(jia)型)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)0.5-0.8㎏。 3.5.3 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)(fei)鈣(gai)爾美、磷酸(suan)二(er)(er)氫鉀(jia)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)隔(ge)(ge)10d噴(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)、糖(tang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貯藏性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能。 3.6 疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個(ge)(ge)較小,為(wei)了保(bao)證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品質(zhi)量,必須進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蕾(lei),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)節留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)花(hua)蕾(lei),其余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去。落(luo)花(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)15~30d內(nei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、好(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并(bing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、無葉(xie)(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、朝天(tian)(tian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量占座(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50—60%;花(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)50d進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一(yi)(yi)般長果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3~4個(ge)(ge),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2~3個(ge)(ge),短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1~2個(ge)(ge) 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.7 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草為(wei)抑制雜(za)草和提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)土壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)白三(san)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)草,樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤內(nei)覆蓋作物(wu)秸(jie)桿或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)薄(bo)膜。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),瘡(chuang)痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),介殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛等(deng)(deng)。 3.8.2 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze) 堅持“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)針, 綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi),盡(jin)可(ke)能不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)少(shao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua) 學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)可(ke)能大(da)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)大(da)流行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.8.3 農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)(yi)對當地(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良砧(zhen)建(jian)(jian)園(yuan);強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)土肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理,合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪,保(bao)持良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通風透(tou)光條(tiao)件(jian),合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理負載(zai),保(bao)持健壯樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);冬春(chun)刮除(chu)老翹皮、腐(fu)爛病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斑,徹底(di)清(qing)(qing)園(yuan)、減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源;土壤(rang)(rang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)近封凍時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深翻,凍死(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)土中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)越(yue)(yue)冬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong);早春(chun)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)膜覆蓋,阻(zu)隔(ge)(ge)土內(nei)越(yue)(yue)冬害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai);晚秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干綁草環,誘集病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏身越(yue)(yue)冬集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)毀,減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)(yue)冬基(ji)(ji)數(shu)。 3.8.4 物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)糖(tang)醋液(ye)(ye)誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)黑光燈(deng)誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻振式(shi)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干掛豌豆秧、蓋防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)誘殺(sha)和防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.5 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通過保(bao)護瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小花(hua)蝽、草蛉、食蚜蠅、捕食螨(man)(man)等(deng)(deng)天(tian)(tian)敵(di),控制蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man)、潛(qian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)等(deng)(deng)自然(ran)天(tian)(tian)敵(di)人工引(yin)移、繁殖釋放(fang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天(tian)(tian)敵(di)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)導彈等(deng)(deng));果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)養(yang)雞(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)招(zhao)引(yin)益鳥啄食害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其代謝物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),如利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)外激素(su)(su)誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.6 化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特(te)點(dian),提(ti)(ti)倡使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、礦物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(如石硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)和硫(liu)懸浮(fu)劑(ji)(ji)),禁止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)(liu)(liu)和致(zhi)畸(ji)(ji)、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突(tu)變農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格按(an)照《GB/T 8321 (所有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)部分)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.8.7 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.7.1 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)瘡(chuang)痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌靈可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d. 3.8.7.2 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多抗(kang)霉(mei)素(su)(su)可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d;或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)70%甲(jia)基(ji)(ji)托布津可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)100倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)30d。 3.8.7.3 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)蚜 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋(dai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦參(can)堿水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)~2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d。10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye),安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)25d。 3.8.7.4 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)(man)克水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%阿維菌素(su)(su)5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)14d。 3.8.7.5 蚧(jie)殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 謝花(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)10d~15d,防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)白蚧(jie)、朝鮮球堅蚧(jie) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d;或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)0.2°Be~0.3°Be石硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如嚴重(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),應在(zai)(zai)(zai)7d后(hou)(hou)(hou)再噴(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)(xun)桑白蚧(jie)若蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵(fu)化(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),可(ke)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)布撲虱(shi)靈、氯(lv)氰菊酯等(deng)(deng)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji),兼(jian)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝鮮球堅蚧(jie)。 3.8.7.6 食心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 從落(luo)花(hua)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始至(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)剪除(chu)被害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)梢(shao),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)布氯(lv)氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.9 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)和采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)處理 根(gen)(gen)據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)熟度(du)(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和市場需(xu)求綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)確定采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)適期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。成(cheng)熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應分期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),輕拿輕放(fang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)立即按(an)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、包裝(zhuang),包裝(zhuang)物(wu)應清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)、牢(lao)固、無污染、無異味,包裝(zhuang)物(wu)應符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)國家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關標準(zhun)和規定,編上標記,及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組織調運至(zhi)銷售市場或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)貯存地(di)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
包(bao)裝(zhuang)主要采用箱式包(bao)裝(zhuang),包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料必須(xu)符合國家強制性技術(shu)規范要求。產品(pin)有明確標(biao)簽,內容(rong)包(bao)括(kuo): 產品(pin)名稱、商標(biao)、產品(pin)執行標(biao)準、生(sheng)產者及詳細(xi)地址、凈含量及包(bao)裝(zhuang)日期(qi),字跡(ji)清晰、完整、準確。