(1)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情運城(cheng)古稱“河(he)東(dong)”,擁有1.4萬平方公(gong)里國(guo)土(tu)面積(ji),地(di)(di)處晉陜(shan)豫(yu)黃河(he)金三角地(di)(di)區,與河(he)南省三門峽市、陜(shan)西省渭南市隔河(he)相(xiang)望,是中華民族的重要發祥(xiang)地(di)(di)之(zhi)一。運城(cheng)地(di)(di)理氣候獨特(te),地(di)(di)處北緯35°,屬黃土(tu)高原區,土(tu)層深厚(hou),光照充足(zu),雨量(liang)適中,無霜期(qi)長,海拔高,溫差大,是世界(jie)上公(gong)認的最佳(jia)蘋果(guo)生產帶;
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況運城蘋果(guo)的種植區域水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)比(bi)較豐(feng)富,地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui),配套深井(jing),可以將黃河水(shui)(shui)(shui)引(yin)來(lai)用(yong)于(yu)灌溉,符合(he)國家農用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)準(zhun)。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況運城蘋果種植區(qu)域的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候屬暖溫(wen)帶大陸(lu)性半(ban)濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候,年平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)13.8℃。年平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照為2366.2小時,≥10℃的(de)有效積(ji)溫(wen)在3900~4600℃之間(jian),全年無霜期平均(jun)(jun)在188~238天之間(jian),年均(jun)(jun)降雨量535~625毫米之間(jian),完全符合優質蘋果的(de)獨(du)特生長氣(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)件。
運城(cheng)蘋果農產(chan)品地理標志地域保護范圍為鹽湖區(qu)(qu)三路里(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金井(jing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馮村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王范鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、上(shang)郭鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、上(shang)王鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);萬榮縣(xian)(xian)(xian)解店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、通化(hua)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、漢薛鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、榮河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、萬泉鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);里(li)望鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南(nan)(nan)張(zhang)(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、高村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、皇甫鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、賈村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王顯鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、裴莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、光華鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);臨猗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)卓里(li)工貿區(qu)(qu)、閆家(jia)莊(zhuang)工貿區(qu)(qu)、猗氏(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嵋陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、臨晉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、七級鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東張(zhang)(zhang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、孫吉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三管鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、耽子鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、牛杜鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楚侯(hou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、廟上(shang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、角杯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、北(bei)辛鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、北(bei)景鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);永(yong)濟市開(kai)張(zhang)(zhang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、栲栳鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蒲州鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張(zhang)(zhang)營鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen);河津市小梁鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、柴(chai)家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、趙家(jia)莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);聞(wen)喜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)桐城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、郭家(jia)莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、凹(ao)底鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、薛店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、李(li)元(yuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、河底鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽隅(yu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、裴社鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);稷山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)峪(yu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、翟店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清(qing)河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、太(tai)陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、柴(chai)村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);新(xin)絳縣(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)張(zhang)(zhang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、澤掌鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen);絳縣(xian)(xian)(xian)古絳鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、橫水(shui)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陳村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、衛莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、么里(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、南(nan)(nan)凡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、安峪(yu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)交鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen);垣曲縣(xian)(xian)(xian)古城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、英言鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、華峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);夏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)瑤峰鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水(shui)頭鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、裴介(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、尉郭鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、禹(yu)王鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、胡張(zhang)(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南(nan)(nan)大(da)里(li)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);平陸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)圣人澗鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、常樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張(zhang)(zhang)店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張(zhang)(zhang)村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洪(hong)池鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、杜馬鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、部官鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);芮城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)古魏鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、風陵渡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陌(mo)南(nan)(nan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)陌(mo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、、永(yong)樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)王鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東壚鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南(nan)(nan)衛鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、學(xue)張(zhang)(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)涉及十三個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)市區(qu)(qu)共九十四個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),地標為東經110°15′~112°04′,北(bei)緯34°35′~35°50′之間(jian)。東西(xi)長約(yue)201.87公(gong)里(li),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬約(yue)127.47公(gong)里(li),生產(chan)面積(ji)13.7萬公(gong)頃,年產(chan)量400萬噸。
(1)外在(zai)感官特征(zheng):85mm蘋果(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)大型果(guo)(guo)(guo),平均單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)220-350克,最大單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)500克。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)多為(wei)圓形(xing)(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)指數0.8左右,果(guo)(guo)(guo)型端正高樁、果(guo)(guo)(guo)色鮮(xian)艷(yan)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉白色、口(kou)(kou)感香脆甜爽(shuang)、汁液多、酸甜可口(kou)(kou)、芳香味濃(nong),無澀感,果(guo)(guo)(guo)面光潔細膩、耐(nai)儲(chu)存。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)大小一(yi)(yi)等品率80%以上,果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)表面顏(yan)色一(yi)(yi)等品率90%以上。
(2)內在品(pin)質(zhi):運城蘋果含(han)(han)有豐富的(de)營養成分(fen),蛋白質(zhi)達(da)(da)(da)0.41%-0.61%,碳水(shui)化合(he)物(wu)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)(da)12.7-14.9g/100g,水(shui)分(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)(da)80.4-88.5g/100g,灰(hui)分(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)(da)0.18-0.27g/100g,維生(sheng)素E0.065-0.090mg/100g,維生(sheng)素B10.008-0.015mg/100g,可溶性固形物(wu)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)(da)12.4-17.1%以上(shang),含(han)(han)鈣3.00-3.34mg/100g;含(han)(han)磷達(da)(da)(da)12-16mg/100g,含(han)(han)鉀達(da)(da)(da)82.6-91.1mg/100g,含(han)(han)鎂(mei)達(da)(da)(da)1.40-1.60mg/100g,含(han)(han)銅(tong)0.012-1.020mg/100g。
(3)安全要求:符合有關國家要求。
(1)產地選(xuan)擇與特殊內容(rong)規(gui)定選(xuan)擇地勢較(jiao)平坦(tan)、灌溉方便、土(tu)(tu)層深厚、土(tu)(tu)質疏松、富含有機(ji)質壤土(tu)(tu)或沙壤土(tu)(tu)。
(2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選擇與特(te)定要求品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)為紅富士、嘎啦等品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),要求果面光滑、蠟質多(duo)、果粉少、干凈無(wu)果銹。肉(rou)質細密,硬度大,果汁(zhi)多(duo),味香(xiang),含糖高(gao)(gao),酸甜(tian)適度,耐儲運的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)要求脫毒(du)無(wu)傷無(wu)凍害的良種(zhong)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)中,一般嫁接以上10㎝處粗度達(da)到(dao)1cm,高(gao)(gao)度達(da)到(dao)100cm以上,有(you)少量分枝,毛細根數量多(duo)≥20㎝的根系3-5條。。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)產過程管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)a.間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)(fa)。對樹(shu)齡(ling)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15年以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)老果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隔(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)隔(ge)(ge)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)辦法,對于行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距小(xiao)于4米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)喬化(hua)大樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan),可進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隔(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)(fa);對株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距小(xiao)于3米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan),實(shi)施(shi)隔(ge)(ge)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)(fa)。間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)(fa)后(hou),畝留株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)左右,并對間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伐(fa)(fa)改(gai)造傷(shang)口(kou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)護。b.改(gai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。抓好樹(shu)體結構,配置(zhi)好骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)和結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu),使(shi)大、小(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)搭配合(he)理(li)(li)、分(fen)布(bu)均勻、勢力平衡的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。改(gai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)因(yin)樹(shu)齡(ling)而定,10年以(yi)(yi)(yi)下采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)細(xi)長紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)圓柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);11-15年樹(shu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)(zi)由紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)改(gai)良(liang)(liang)紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);16-20年采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)新改(gai)良(liang)(liang)紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)小(xiao)冠開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);20年以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);因(yin)樹(shu)木的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同密度(du)而定,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距3×4米(mi)--以(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)由紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)主(zhu),4×6米(mi)--以(yi)(yi)(yi)新改(gai)良(liang)(liang)紡(fang)(fang)綞(duo)(duo)(duo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)主(zhu),6×8米(mi)--以(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)冠開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)主(zhu)。d.果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)土肥(fei)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。首先是(shi)深(shen)翻改(gai)土。深(shen)翻要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)8月下旬到9月上(shang)(shang)旬進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),要(yao)結合(he)施(shi)有機肥(fei)或(huo)(huo)秸稈(gan)還(huan)田時進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);其次是(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)或(huo)(huo)覆(fu)草(cao)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)分(fen)為(wei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)或(huo)(huo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)草(cao);果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)覆(fu)草(cao)即采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農作物秸稈(gan)或(huo)(huo)雜草(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)地面(mian)覆(fu)蓋。再次是(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)施(shi)肥(fei)。增(zeng)施(shi)有機肥(fei),株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)20-30公(gong)斤(jin);最后(hou)是(shi)澆水(shui)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)前、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨大期(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)土壤封凍前3個時期(qi)(qi)分(fen)別灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)一(yi)次。灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)量以(yi)(yi)(yi)浸透根系分(fen)布(bu)層(ceng)(ceng)(40-60厘(li)米(mi))為(wei)準。其它時期(qi)(qi)如果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)干旱(han)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)水(shui)溝灌(guan)(guan),旱(han)地果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)穴貯肥(fei)水(shui)法。e.花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)精(jing)細(xi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。首先是(shi)疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。要(yao)抓好三疏(shu)(shu),即“疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)、疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)朵、疏(shu)(shu)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)應(ying)從冬春季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始,剪去過多的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)。疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)朵應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序分(fen)離(li)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)10天(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始,1個月內(nei)完(wan)(wan)成;其次是(shi)人工授(shou)粉(fen)。待開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時用(yong)(yong)(yong)毛筆或(huo)(huo)鉛筆的(de)(de)(de)橡皮(pi)頭(tou)等(deng)(deng)工具進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)點授(shou)初開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱頭(tou),每蘸一(yi)次花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)可授(shou)5-10朵花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),亦(yi)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)釋放授(shou)粉(fen)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)--壁蜂,每畝80-100頭(tou),可取(qu)(qu)代(dai)人工授(shou)粉(fen)。f.果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)。蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)早中(zhong)熟(shu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(如嘎啦、紅星、涼香等(deng)(deng))套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)雙層(ceng)(ceng)內(nei)黑紙袋(dai)(dai),晚熟(shu)品種(zhong)(zhong)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)雙層(ceng)(ceng)紙袋(dai)(dai)或(huo)(huo)“膜(mo)+紙”雙套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)。蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)一(yi)般(ban)最好選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙層(ceng)(ceng)紙袋(dai)(dai)。膜(mo)袋(dai)(dai)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)謝花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)20天(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始,10天(tian)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)完(wan)(wan)。紙袋(dai)(dai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)30天(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始,10天(tian)內(nei)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)完(wan)(wan)。g.無公(gong)害(hai)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)治。堅(jian)持貫徹“預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu),綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)治”的(de)(de)(de)方針,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物、物理(li)(li)和化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治,按照病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規律,全(quan)面(mian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無殘留、無毒害(hai),對環(huan)境安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)物源、植物源、生(sheng)(sheng)物源等(deng)(deng)農藥(yao),有效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)危害(hai);在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)配置(zhi)頻振式殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈,懸(xuan)掛性(xing)誘劑、糖醋液、粘蟲(chong)(chong)板(ban)、樹(shu)木捆綁、誘蟲(chong)(chong)帶(dai)(集(ji)蟲(chong)(chong)板(ban))組(zu)(zu)建病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)治專業(ye)隊(dui),統一(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)連片集(ji)中(zhong)防(fang)(fang)治。有水(shui)澆條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)取(qu)(qu)地面(mian)種(zhong)(zhong)草(cao),一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)草(cao),株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)清耕,種(zhong)(zhong)植時間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)選(xuan)擇(ze)秋季(ji)(ji)最好。生(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)(ji)節(jie)適時給草(cao)追肥(fei),并要(yao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)度(du),超過30厘(li)米(mi)就刈割,覆(fu)蓋于樹(shu)盤(pan)下;無澆水(shui)條(tiao)件果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)取(qu)(qu)天(tian)澇生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)、天(tian)旱(han)除草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)辦法。將(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)(zi)然雜草(cao)中(zhong)過高(gao)過大的(de)(de)(de)惡性(xing)雜草(cao)拔除,留下針葉小(xiao)草(cao),高(gao)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30厘(li)米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下;在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夏季(ji)(ji)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),將(jiang)(jiang)麥(mai)秸、麥(mai)糠、玉(yu)米(mi)秸、雜草(cao)等(deng)(deng)覆(fu)蓋于樹(shu)冠下,覆(fu)草(cao)厚度(du)為(wei)25厘(li)米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)壓少(shao)量土,以(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)火災。h.鋪設反光(guang)膜(mo)。鋪設反光(guang)膜(mo)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)著色期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)下先將(jiang)(jiang)地面(mian)硬(ying)枝(zhi)(zhi)、石塊(kuai)等(deng)(deng)雜物清除,并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下袋(dai)(dai)、摘葉等(deng)(deng)工序完(wan)(wan)成后(hou),將(jiang)(jiang)反光(guang)膜(mo)沿(yan)樹(shu)冠的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)邊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)向展(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)鋪好,并用(yong)(yong)(yong)瓦片壓實(shi),每幅兩(liang)邊每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)1.5米(mi)各壓一(yi)塊(kuai)瓦,防(fang)(fang)止刮風卷起。
(4)產(chan)品(pin)收獲及(ji)產(chan)后(hou)處理(li)規定(ding)a適時采(cai)收,采(cai)摘時輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,避免碰壓刺傷。采(cai)收后(hou)分(fen)級:指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)參照GB/T10651。包(bao)裝:選用(yong)鈣塑瓦楞箱和瓦楞紙(zhi)箱為包(bao)裝容器,其技(ji)術要求應(ying)符(fu)合(he)GB/T13607的規定(ding)。貯存(cun):采(cai)收后(hou)及(ji)時入庫保存(cun),“運(yun)城(cheng)蘋果(guo)”的冷藏(zang)(zang)按GB/T8559規定(ding)執行;氣調(diao)貯藏(zang)(zang)按ISO 8682規定(ding)執行。庫房無異味。并觀察庫內溫(wen)度(du)、濕度(du),保證(zheng)儲存(cun)安全(quan)。不(bu)與有(you)(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)(you)害物品(pin)混合(he)存(cun)放。不(bu)得使(shi)用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)損“運(yun)城(cheng)蘋果(guo)”質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的保鮮試劑和材料。b銷(xiao)售和運(yun)輸包(bao)裝物應(ying)標(biao)(biao)(biao)有(you)(you)(you)“運(yun)城(cheng)蘋果(guo)”地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)及(ji)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)圖案,并標(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)產(chan)品(pin)名稱、數量(liang)(liang)、產(chan)地(di)、包(bao)裝日(ri)期、生(sheng)產(chan)單位、保質(zhi)(zhi)期、產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)以及(ji)執行標(biao)(biao)(biao)準等(deng)內容。運(yun)輸工(gong)具清潔(jie)衛生(sheng),裝卸時輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,待運(yun)時,應(ying)批(pi)次分(fen)明(ming)、堆碼整齊、環(huan)境清潔(jie)、通(tong)風良(liang)好。嚴禁(jin)烈日(ri)暴曬,注意(yi)防凍、防熱(re),縮(suo)短待運(yun)時間。
(5)生產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要求(qiu)建(jian)立運城蘋果(guo)(guo)農產品(pin)地理標志生產檔案,建(jian)立果(guo)(guo)品(pin)安全質量追溯(su)系統,詳細記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)生產操(cao)作日(ri)期,病蟲害情況(kuang),技(ji)術措(cuo)施,建(jian)立生產過程記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)檔案,記(ji)(ji)載(zai)投入品(pin)的名稱、使(shi)用時間、使(shi)用目的、使(shi)用方法、使(shi)用量、生產廠家等
明確表述地(di)域范圍地(di)理標志(zhi)的蘋果生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者,在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包裝(zhuang)上使用已獲登記保護的農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi),須(xu)向(xiang)登記證書持(chi)有人(ren)提出申(shen)請。并按照相關要求規(gui)范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和使用標志(zhi),統一采(cai)用產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱和農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)公共標識相結合的標識標注方法(fa)。