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故居介紹

門(men)(men)家河門(men)(men)克新(xin)故居(ju)(ju)，為(wei)門(men)(men)克新(xin)祖(zu)居(ju)(ju)及其(qi)出生老宅(zhai)(zhai)，位于天水(shui)市(shi)區(qu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)郊約(yue)(yue)(yue)6公里的(de)(de)(de)秦州區(qu)皂郊鎮門(men)(men)家河村。該村坐(zuo)東(dong)(dong)向西(xi)，北(bei)依盤龍山，赤峪河從村前(qian)(qian)流過(guo)。門(men)(men)氏(shi)家族(zu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)該村中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)位置，最高(gao)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)小(xiao)平(ping)臺地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，祖(zu)居(ju)(ju)老院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)一(yi)進兩(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)另附一(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)(ge)(ge)局，中(zhong)(zhong)層臺地(di)為(wei)書(shu)房(fang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，下(xia)層臺地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)門(men)(men)氏(shi)族(zu)人居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，但建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造較晚(wan)，約(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)清代中(zhong)(zhong)晚(wan)期建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成。上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)五座(zuo)(zuo)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)面積約(yue)(yue)(yue)2064平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。最高(gao)臺地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)個院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群，占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)面積約(yue)(yue)(yue)1260平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。在(zai)(zai)2、3兩(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)開(kai)設大門(men)(men)，北(bei)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)北(bei)面南(nan)(nan)(nan)，一(yi)進兩(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，中(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以過(guo)廳為(wei)空間(jian)地(di)帶界定建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。后院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后廳房(fang)，前(qian)(qian)后兩(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)各有三(san)(san)間(jian)廂(xiang)房(fang)。正南(nan)(nan)(nan)有兩(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之門(men)(men)廳。大門(men)(men)右進南(nan)(nan)(nan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之南(nan)(nan)(nan)為(wei)廳房(fang)，東(dong)(dong)有廂(xiang)房(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)。西(xi)有廂(xiang)房(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)，并帶一(yi)間(jian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)坡(po)水(shui)屋面的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)樓。三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)臺地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)之三(san)(san)組院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)，在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，是一(yi)處(chu)四(si)合院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)式古(gu)民(min)居(ju)(ju)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造結構古(gu)樸(pu)。而(er)最高(gao)臺地(di)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)群中(zhong)(zhong)，現存(cun)獨具風(feng)格(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)元代末期的(de)(de)(de)二(er)層木(mu)樓一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)，俗稱“銹花(hua)樓”。為(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層雙坡(po)水(shui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)樸(pu)，雕刻精美(mei)。其(qi)雕刻花(hua)紋在(zai)(zai)明(ming)清建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)不多見，經初步考證，該樓檐(yan)下(xia)平(ping)板枋上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)耍頭有兩(liang)(liang)(liang)朵(duo)云造型(xing)，長27厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)18厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，厚9厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，其(qi)前(qian)(qian)半(ban)部(bu)分內大外小(xiao)，中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)一(yi)個圓(yuan)球型(xing)浮雕，后半(ban)部(bu)分是漸細且(qie)長，尾(wei)部(bu)為(wei)一(yi)朵(duo)小(xiao)云式圖案，荷花(hua)紋花(hua)板簡約(yue)(yue)(yue)粗(cu)獷，具有元代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge)(ge)。其(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術和(he)文(wen)物價(jia)值(zhi)很高(gao)，可(ke)視為(wei)古(gu)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)造型(xing)標本。尚(shang)無它(ta)例可(ke)比，可(ke)以說絕(jue)無僅有。它(ta)是門(men)(men)氏(shi)家族(zu)早在(zai)(zai)元代就居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)故宅(zhai)(zhai)，僅唯獨有的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)木(mu)樓一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)。

文獻考證

1958年(nian)，天水火柴廠擴建(jian)(jian)廠房時(shi)(shi)將其(qi)墓地征(zheng)用，挖掘(jue)地基時(shi)(shi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)門(men)公棺木(mu)及(ji)隨葬(zang)品多件(jian)，有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)制(zhi)官帽一頂，身著(zhu)朝(chao)服，金銀佩(pei)飾，明(ming)(ming)幣及(ji)金銀元寶(bao)，竹木(mu)、陶器及(ji)絲綢(chou)織品和遺物(wu)，并出土(tu)墓志銘(ming)一塊(時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)挖掘(jue)記錄)。《天水縣志》對其(qi)墓地方位有(you)(you)記載(zai)。天水文廟西側建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)《門(men)克新祠堂》一座，豎(shu)立《秦州鄉(xiang)賢祠記》碑(bei)(bei)一通(tong)，高175厘米(mi)，寬(kuan)79厘米(mi)，厚(hou)26厘米(mi)。碑(bei)(bei)文545字(zi)，文字(zi)清晰可辨，是明(ming)(ming)代成(cheng)化(hua)十五年(nian)(巳亥)，即公元1479年(nian)刻立的石碑(bei)(bei)(此碑(bei)(bei)現(xian)(xian)存天水文廟碑(bei)(bei)廊)。

據考門(men)克新(xin)故居在(zai)門(men)家河村，門(men)氏后裔一支遷往秦州城楊家樓59號院居住，此院為一進二(er)院，主(zhu)北(bei)房(fang)座(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)朝南，抬(tai)梁五(wu)檁六椽(chuan)，補作(zuo)間鋪作(zuo)一斗(dou)，攀間象鼻狀二(er)朵云，懸山頂，兩(liang)坡水(shui)，有哺龍脊室(shi)。倒座(zuo)(zuo)已包(bao)檐，東(dong)西廈房(fang)，單坡水(shui)。為明代(dai)早期四合院建(jian)筑格局(ju)。在(zai)城市改(gai)造中，因商品房(fang)建(jian)筑用地需要被拆除。

門克新簡介

明洪武初(chu)為(wei)秦(qin)州(zhou)教諭三十余(yu)年(nian)，受學者甚眾。入朝述職后為(wei)官(guan)(guan)，初(chu)任左贊善，以博學、耿直見重。旋升(sheng)遷官(guan)(guan)至禮(li)部尚書，年(nian)近古稀(xi)，禮(li)事多爛，不久(jiu)病倒。皇帝朱元(yuan)璋命(ming)太醫(yi)治療，又不停俸祿及至逝世。逝后皇帝親自致祭，又命(ming)司禮(li)監典簿(bu)楊馬兒祭奠(dian)于其家，歸(gui)葬故里秦(qin)州(zhou)，墳塋墓地在城北泰山廟腳下。