岳(yue)州關(guan)(guan),又(you)名(ming)城陵磯(ji)海關(guan)(guan),俗(su)稱(cheng)上(shang)洋關(guan)(guan),建于清(qing)光緒(xu)二十七年(1901),位于岳(yue)陽市岳(yue)陽樓區(qu)岳(yue)陽城陵磯(ji)客運碼頭東側的山丘上(shang)。
岳州關(guan)于光緒二十(shi)五(wu)年(1899)正式(shi)開關(guan),光緒二十(shi)七(qi)年(1901)三座關(guan)房及附屬建筑完(wan)工,這三棟英式(shi)二層建筑呈“品”字形屹立于湖畔山頭,分(fen)上(shang)、中、下三館,上(shang)為(wei)幫(bang)(bang)辦公(gong)館,中為(wei)辦公(gong)地點,下為(wei)稅務司公(gong)館。中、下兩館由于歷史原因已被拆除,現僅存(cun)上(shang)館,即(ji)上(shang)洋關(guan)。岳州關(guan)幫(bang)(bang)辦公(gong)館座東朝西,居山丘(qiu)之巔,處江湖交匯要沖,地理(li)位(wei)置十(shi)分(fen)優(you)越,是對過往船(chuan)只(zhi)進行監督和管理(li)的(de)極好(hao)場所。
關(guan)房(fang)外形為(wei)(wei)二(er)層(ceng)券廊(lang)西式建(jian)筑(zhu),主要由磚(zhuan)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)和石材混合(he)結構(gou)(gou),設(she)計巧妙,層(ceng)次分(fen)(fen)明,錯(cuo)落有致。上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)各有大(da)小房(fang)間(jian)數(shu)間(jian),四通(tong)(tong)(tong)八達(da),占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積415平(ping)方米(mi)。岳(yue)州關(guan)為(wei)(wei)青(qing)磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)體,青(qing)瓦屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),一(yi)樓(lou)地(di)板(ban)和二(er)樓(lou)樓(lou)板(ban)為(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質構(gou)(gou)架,上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)板(ban)沿空(kong),有架空(kong)層(ceng),二(er)樓(lou)樓(lou)筋(jin)均為(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質,呈四方形,一(yi)樓(lou)樓(lou)筋(jin)亦為(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質,呈圓形;四周眠(mian)墻(qiang)為(wei)(wei)青(qing)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)成,內房(fang)眠(mian)墻(qiang)亦為(wei)(wei)青(qing)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)成;屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)檁(lin)子(zi)均為(wei)(wei)粗大(da)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材構(gou)(gou)成;整(zheng)個屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)鋪有木(mu)(mu)(mu)質檁(lin)子(zi)。屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)則類似我國(guo)的(de)四坡頂(ding),屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)陡峻(jun);正(zheng)大(da)門建(jian)有石級臺(tai)階,臺(tai)階由四個踏(ta)步構(gou)(gou)成,結構(gou)(gou)嚴謹(jin);自正(zheng)大(da)門通(tong)(tong)(tong)道至二(er)樓(lou)建(jian)有斜形筆直(zhi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質樓(lou)梯,外側設(she)有高(gao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質護欄,上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)自如,設(she)計精美,上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)正(zheng)中分(fen)(fen)別建(jian)有寬大(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道。兩(liang)層(ceng)回廊(lang)均為(wei)(wei)西式卷門配(pei)以磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)方柱,左右兩(liang)邊房(fang)中都有壁爐,通(tong)(tong)(tong)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)煙囟解決取暖,門窗高(gao)大(da),并大(da)量使用(yong)(yong)(yong)玻璃,比較注重(zhong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)和采光,上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)樓(lou)板(ban)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)樓(lou)梯以及地(di)下(xia)(xia)架空(kong)層(ceng)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong),以解決隔潮,兩(liang)層(ceng)天(tian)花(hua)板(ban)均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)泥木(mu)(mu)(mu)條抹灰,木(mu)(mu)(mu)屋(wu)(wu)架用(yong)(yong)(yong)材碩大(da),并與我國(guo)傳統建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)屋(wu)(wu)架大(da)異其趣,屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)類似我國(guo)的(de)四坡頂(ding),但屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)陡峻(jun),西洋風(feng)格濃烈。中下(xia)(xia)關(guan)房(fang)已(yi)于(yu)1992年城陵磯擴建(jian)港區時拆毀(hui)。
岳州關是(shi)清政府自鴉片戰爭門戶開放(fang)以(yi)來(lai)的(de)一個(ge)自開口岸,是(shi)帝國(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)列強對(dui)湖南(nan)進行(xing)經濟侵略(lve)的(de)第一個(ge)據(ju)點,也是(shi)岳陽及(ji)湖湘對(dui)外(wai)開放(fang)的(de)歷史見(jian)證,是(shi)進行(xing)愛國(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)教育的(de)極好場(chang)所,其西式建(jian)筑(zhu)又是(shi)研究建(jian)筑(zhu)發展(zhan)史的(de)寶貴實物資料。2002年被公布為(wei)省級文(wen)物保護(hu)單位(wei)。目(mu)前由(you)國(guo)務院公布為(wei)第七批全(quan)國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護(hu)單位(wei)。