外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)長(chang)1941米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),除西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)部部分損毀外(wai)(wai),大部保存(cun)完好(hao)。 內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈方(fang)形,處(chu)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)北(bei)側(ce)(ce)(ce),全(quan)長(chang)861米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)(mian)積4.3萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現存(cun)7處(chu)豁(huo)口,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)角(jiao)、南(nan)正中(zhong)及北(bei)上(shang)中(zhong)3處(chu)豁(huo)口可(ke)(ke)以肯(ken)定為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)、南(nan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)3處(chu)豁(huo)口,均可(ke)(ke)確(que)定為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)寬35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其底基(ji)(ji)距贛江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)落差(cha)僅2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),贛水(shui)(shui)上(shang)漲時,河(he)水(shui)(shui)可(ke)(ke)直接(jie)入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei),推(tui)測(ce)可(ke)(ke)能為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)正中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)寬28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)“凸”形結(jie)(jie)構,從其上(shang)殘存(cun)疊(die)壓瓦片分析,此處(chu)原可(ke)(ke)能為(wei)(wei)一(yi)處(chu)門(men)(men)(men)闕。北(bei)正中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)寬15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),入門(men)(men)(men)較陡(dou),可(ke)(ke)分別進(jin)入內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)“凹”形結(jie)(jie)構,似為(wei)(wei)“甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,也(ye)有大量(liang)瓦礫堆積。 內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)寬17.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)見大量(liang)瓦礫堆積,并采(cai)集到一(yi)塊完整(zheng)四葉(xie)云紋瓦當。 內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)角(jiao)有一(yi)長(chang)方(fang)形土臺,為(wei)(wei)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),東西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)47米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)寬35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)(mian)積1645平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)出周(zhou)圍平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)0.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)出內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)其它(ta)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)約(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為(wei)(wei)土筑,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高(gao)度因地(di)(di)(di)勢的南(nan)高(gao)北(bei)低而相反,以使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四周(zhou)基(ji)(ji)本處(chu)于同一(yi)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)。南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)距地(di)(di)(di)表4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高(gao)10.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高(gao)20.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)頂寬2—3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)(ji)寬20—28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。以北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji)寬。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)有護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he), 以南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)及南(nan)側(ce)(ce)(ce)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)(ke)知,南(nan)側(ce)(ce)(ce)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)寬16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)寬30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)由南(nan)往北(bei)流入贛江(jiang)(jiang)。
白(bai)口城(cheng)址于1980年(nian)(nian)代文(wen)物(wu)普查時發現,2001年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)到10月(yue)江西省文(wen)物(wu)考古(gu)研究所和(he)泰和(he)縣博物(wu)館(guan)一(yi)起進(jin)行了試掘(jue),2004年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)正式發掘(jue)。考古(gu)發現,該(gai)城(cheng)始筑于西漢,延用至東晉末年(nian)(nian)前后。
白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址總面積達23萬(wan)(wan)平方(fang)米(mi),形狀呈倒梯形,分為(wei)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)1941米(mi),大部(bu)分保(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方(fang)形,位(wei)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)北側(ce),長(chang)861米(mi),面積4.3萬(wan)(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)。現發現城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門10處,其中內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西北門為(wei)“凹”形結(jie)構,似為(wei)“甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)” 。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為(wei)土筑,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)有(you)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he),由南往北流入(ru)贛江。航空遙(yao)感(gan)拍攝的(de)(de)照片(pian)顯示,白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址保(bao)(bao)存較為(wei)完好(hao),古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)布(bu)局(ju)、結(jie)構非常(chang)清(qing)晰。
據《南(nan)(nan)史》、《陳書(shu)》等記載(zai),南(nan)(nan)朝梁(liang)侯(hou)景之亂時,大寶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(550年(nian)(nian)),陳霸(ba)先(xian)自嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)引軍討伐侯(hou)景,坐鎮南(nan)(nan)康(kang)。高州(zhou)刺史李(li)遷(qian)仕在(zai)寧都人劉藹等資助下(xia)(xia),順贛江而下(xia)(xia),進(jin)擊陳霸(ba)先(xian)。陳霸(ba)先(xian)派遣杜僧(seng)(seng)明(ming)據白口城(cheng)加固城(cheng)墻抵御,李(li)遷(qian)仕則于(yu)其東面(mian)筑(zhu)古城(cheng)相對。次年(nian)(nian),杜僧(seng)(seng)明(ming)攻破古城(cheng),俘虜李(li)遷(qian)仕,送往(wang)南(nan)(nan)康(kang)斬首。是年(nian)(nian)六月,陳霸(ba)先(xian)進(jin)軍西昌,駐白口城(cheng),當(dang)時“有龍見于(yu)水濱,高五(wu)丈許,五(wu)采鮮耀,軍民(min)觀者數萬人”,陳霸(ba)先(xian)一時威望大振(zhen),數年(nian)(nian)后代梁(liang)稱帝建(jian)立了陳朝。
泰(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)博物(wu)館館長肖用(yong)桁介紹,因(yin)“地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)嘉禾,和(he)(he)(he)(he)氣所生”而(er)得名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he),歷(li)屬吳越(yue),西漢(han)(han)(han)(han)為(wei)古(gu)廬陵縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di),為(wei)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“西漢(han)(han)(han)(han)十八縣(xian)(xian)”之一(yi)(yi)。東漢(han)(han)(han)(han)為(wei)西昌縣(xian)(xian),為(wei)廬陵郡治(zhi),歷(li)來就是(shi)(shi)江(jiang)西一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)政治(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化中心,尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)晉以(yi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)化積淀,形成了(le)代表贛(gan)文(wen)(wen)化風(feng)貌的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)文(wen)(wen)化因(yin)子。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)處水陸要(yao)沖(chong),其(qi)“咽喉(hou)荊廣、唇齒淮浙”由(you)來已久(jiu)。昔(xi)秦皇(huang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)武的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)次(ci)(ci)征伐嶺南(nan)(南(nan)越(yue)),數十萬浩浩大軍均(jun)由(you)此經(jing)過。公(gong)元(yuan)550年,南(nan)朝陳霸先(xian)從始興發(fa)兵(bing)護(hu)主(zhu),正是(shi)(shi)經(jing)過泰(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he),并在(zai)白(bai)(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屯兵(bing)激戰(zhan),之后揮師(shi)北上(shang)(shang)(shang)建立了(le)不(bu)朽的(de)(de)(de)(de)帝業。 雖然(ran)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)志》和(he)(he)(he)(he)《吉安(an)府志》對白(bai)(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)有(you)(you)記載,但是(shi)(shi)這座千(qian)年古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)直養在(zai)深閨人(ren)未知(zhi),并沒有(you)(you)深究(jiu)其(qi)真正蘊孕(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史價(jia)值(zhi)。但是(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)偶(ou)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機會,卻使白(bai)(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重放異(yi)彩,令世人(ren)矚目(mu)。2001年8月,修建贛(gan)粵高速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)吉安(an)段(duan)時,時任江(jiang)西省考(kao)(kao)古(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)所副所長、現任江(jiang)西省博物(wu)館副館長的(de)(de)(de)(de)劉詩(shi)中帶隊來到泰(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)境內高速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)沿(yan)線進(jin)行(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)(cha),當時只是(shi)(shi)看(kan)了(le)沿(yan)線馬市鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)烈古(gu)樟和(he)(he)(he)(he)幾個古(gu)墓。在(zai)返回泰(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時,陪同勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肖用(yong)桁想:省里專家(jia)來一(yi)(yi)趟也不(bu)容(rong)易(yi),何不(bu)建議他(ta)們(men)到離(li)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅3公(gong)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)看(kan)看(kan),聽聽他(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意見。因(yin)白(bai)(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)在(zai)高速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)旁,非此次(ci)(ci)勘(kan)查(cha)(cha)(cha)范(fan)圍,加上(shang)(shang)(shang)其(qi)僅是(shi)(shi)縣(xian)(xian)級文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei),并未引起(qi)人(ren)們(men)關(guan)注。當車(che)拐上(shang)(shang)(shang)往白(bai)(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)時,有(you)(you)人(ren)說:“到那地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)去干(gan)什么,無東西可(ke)看(kan)。”然(ran)而(er),當劉詩(shi)中一(yi)(yi)走(zou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭時,他(ta)就情不(bu)自禁地(di)(di)(di)贊(zan)嘆:“真是(shi)(shi)國寶,很有(you)(you)價(jia)值(zhi)!” 回憶(yi)起(qi)當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)情景,肖用(yong)桁仍(reng)然(ran)很興奮,他(ta)說,省專家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)“造訪”,使泰(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)工作者(zhe)感(gan)到振奮。隨后,他(ta)們(men)趕往南(nan)昌,向省文(wen)(wen)化廳、省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局、省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)所作了(le)有(you)(you)關(guan)白(bai)(bai)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)詳細(xi)匯(hui)報,并請(qing)求進(jin)行(xing)(xing)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)發(fa)掘。
肖用桁館(guan)長告訴記者,2001年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)至10月(yue)(yue)和(he)2004年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)至2005年(nian)1月(yue)(yue),江西(xi)省(sheng)文(wen)物(wu)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)研究所副所長徐長青(qing)率領的(de)(de)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)小組(zu)在(zai)(zai)泰(tai)和(he)縣博物(wu)館(guan)的(de)(de)配合下,對白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)勘探(tan),分(fen)別進(jin)行(xing)了(le)試掘(jue)(jue)和(he)正(zheng)(zheng)式發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)。考(kao)古(gu)(gu)勘探(tan)以東(dong)西(xi)向直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)布(bu)點鉆探(tan),共布(bu)直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)9條(tiao),遍布(bu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要地區。從勘查和(he)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)得知,外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)全長1941米(mi)(mi)(mi),除北(bei)(bei)(bei)側(ce)部分(fen)損毀外(wai)(wai),大都保存完(wan)好。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方(fang)形(xing),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)全長861米(mi)(mi)(mi),面積4﹒3萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),文(wen)化堆積普(pu)遍達(da)(da)(da)1﹒8至2﹒2米(mi)(mi)(mi)。 外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)存7處(chu)(chu)豁(huo)口(kou),西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角(jiao)、南(nan)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)及北(bei)(bei)(bei)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)3處(chu)(chu)豁(huo)口(kou)均可(ke)定為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)。外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)寬(kuan)35米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)(qi)底(di)基(ji)距現(xian)贛(gan)江水(shui)面落差僅2米(mi)(mi)(mi),贛(gan)江水(shui)上漲時(shi)(shi),河(he)(he)水(shui)可(ke)直(zhi)接入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei),推測為水(shui)門(men)。南(nan)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)門(men)寬(kuan)28米(mi)(mi)(mi),為“凸”形(xing)結構,從其(qi)(qi)上殘存疊(die)壓的(de)(de)瓦(wa)片(pian)(pian)分(fen)析,該處(chu)(chu)原可(ke)能(neng)為一門(men)闕。北(bei)(bei)(bei)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)寬(kuan)15米(mi)(mi)(mi),入門(men)較陡(dou),可(ke)分(fen)別進(jin)入內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)為土(tu)筑(zhu),高(gao)度因地勢的(de)(de)南(nan)高(gao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)低而相反,從而使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四周基(ji)本(ben)處(chu)(chu)于同一水(shui)平(ping)面上。南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)4﹒5米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)10﹒2米(mi)(mi)(mi),北(bei)(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)則高(gao)達(da)(da)(da)20﹒5米(mi)(mi)(mi);城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)頂寬(kuan)2-3米(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)寬(kuan)20-28米(mi)(mi)(mi),以北(bei)(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he),南(nan)側(ce)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)寬(kuan)16﹒5米(mi)(mi)(mi),深1﹒5米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)兩側(ce)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)寬(kuan)逾30米(mi)(mi)(mi),護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)由南(nan)往(wang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)流(liu)入贛(gan)江。 發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)中(zhong)(zhong),出土(tu)了(le)春秋戰國時(shi)(shi)漢(han)晉時(shi)(shi)期珍貴文(wen)物(wu)數(shu)百件,有(you)大型建筑(zhu)材料:長達(da)(da)(da)40厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)板瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa),一批保存完(wan)好的(de)(de)圓形(xing)瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang),其(qi)(qi)紋瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang)酷(ku)似(si)秦咸陽宮(gong)出土(tu)文(wen)物(wu),頗具秦文(wen)化風(feng)格(ge);有(you)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)兵器:青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)箭鏃;有(you)生產生活(huo)用具、鐵(tie)器、陶紡輪、陶網墜、陶通風(feng)管(guan),還有(you)大量(liang)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)渣、銅(tong)(tong)渣、銅(tong)(tong)飾件等(deng)。同時(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)的(de)(de)南(nan)面和(he)西(xi)面還發(fa)現(xian)“天(tian)子(zi)堆”、皇(huang)帝地等(deng)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)同時(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)墓群。 肖用桁說(shuo),專家們從城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)解剖結果表明白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為板筑(zhu)法筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),分(fen)層棍棒夯筑(zhu),而層內(nei)出土(tu)物(wu)均為漢(han)代(dai)板瓦(wa)殘片(pian)(pian),故其(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)漢(han)代(dai),也就是說(shuo)該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始筑(zhu)于西(xi)漢(han)初年(nian),使(shi)用年(nian)代(dai)至少延續到東(dong)晉。
肖用桁告訴記者,吉安古稱廬(lu)(lu)陵,廬(lu)(lu)陵縣建于秦(qin)末漢初(chu),治所在(zai)西昌已(yi)見于史載,但城(cheng)址的(de)具(ju)體(ti)位(wei)置一直(zhi)無定(ding)(ding)論,白口城(cheng)的(de)勘探,確定(ding)(ding)了(le)白口城(cheng)為廬(lu)(lu)陵城(cheng)。
肖(xiao)用桁介紹,秦(qin)始(shi)皇(huang)統一六(liu)國推行郡(jun)(jun)(jun)縣(xian)制(zhi),分天下三十(shi)六(liu)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),其中九(jiu)江郡(jun)(jun)(jun)轄江西部分地區(qu)。《明(ming)一統志(zhi)》云:“始(shi)皇(huang)二十(shi)四年王翦滅楚(chu),虜負芻,明(ming)年(公元前(qian)222年)置(zhi)廬(lu)陵(ling)、安(an)平(ping)、新淦三縣(xian),屬九(jiu)江郡(jun)(jun)(jun)。”《泰(tai)和(he)縣(xian)志(zhi)》沿革(ge)表:“秦(qin)廬(lu)陵(ling)縣(xian)屬九(jiu)江郡(jun)(jun)(jun),唐志(zhi)、舊志(zhi)未載縣(xian)治,疑即西昌。漢(han)高(gao)帝(di)二年分淮南立豫章(zhang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),唐志(zhi)故縣(xian)在(zai)今(jin)泰(tai)和(he)縣(xian)西三里。”乾隆版(ban)《吉(ji)安(an)府志(zhi)》引(yin)《太平(ping)寰宇記》:“漢(han)高(gao)帝(di)五年,以廬(lu)陵(ling)縣(xian)屬豫章(zhang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),故廬(lu)陵(ling)縣(xian)在(zai)今(jin)泰(tai)和(he)縣(xian)西三里。”以上(shang)史載不(bu)但闡明(ming)了廬(lu)陵(ling)縣(xian)的(de)設(she)置(zhi)時間,而(er)且指出了其治所的(de)位置(zhi)。
《晉(jin)書》地志(zhi)廬(lu)陵(ling)郡(jun)(jun)條下注云:吳(wu)置(zhi),其屬有西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)、高昌(chang)、石陽(yang)(yang)、巴邱(qiu)、南野、東昌(chang)、遂興、吉(ji)陽(yang)(yang)、興平(ping)、陽(yang)(yang)豐(feng)十縣(xian)。《宋(song)書》:領縣(xian)九,曰:石陽(yang)(yang),西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)、東昌(chang)、吉(ji)陽(yang)(yang)、巴邱(qiu)、興平(ping)、陽(yang)(yang)豐(feng)、高昌(chang)、遂興。《南齊書》同,梁(liang)、陳(chen)無(wu)地志(zhi)。又《舊(jiu)唐(tang)書》地志(zhi)云:廬(lu)陵(ling)漢縣(xian),后改為(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang),舊(jiu)志(zhi)稱置(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡(jun)(jun)治(zhi)。從《晉(jin)書》與《唐(tang)書》考(kao)歷代史及省府(fu)各(ge)志(zhi)所載(zai),省、府(fu)、州、縣(xian)皆先(xian)附郭之名。如《晉(jin)書》所載(zai)即(ji)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)縣(xian),后遷石陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡(jun)(jun)治(zhi),《宋(song)書》所載(zai)即(ji)以石陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)縣(xian),“后漢末以廬(lu)陵(ling)縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡(jun)(jun),置(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廬(lu)陵(ling)郡(jun)(jun)治(zhi)”。由此可(ke)以認定當(dang)時廬(lu)陵(ling)郡(jun)(jun)治(zhi)在西(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)。
按《泰和(he)縣(xian)志》唐乾元三年(nian)(nian)(公元760年(nian)(nian)),縣(xian)治(zhi)由西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遷(qian)至白(bai)(bai)下(xia)驛西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),名白(bai)(bai)下(xia)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(即大(da)致為今(jin)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)),而(er)之前(qian)的(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三里(li),即東起坳(ao)街(jie),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)至街(jie)尾,南(nan)靠澄江(jiang)河,北至竹筱巷。唐朝前(qian)期縣(xian)治(zhi)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),白(bai)(bai)口古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)恰好在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三里(li),與以上(shang)史籍(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)符。有資(zi)料認(ren)為,廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)在(zai)今(jin)泰和(he)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北30公里(li)處,肖用桁稱,這種(zhong)認(ren)為是不正確的(de),因為西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)初(chu)豫章郡(現江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))僅有18個縣(xian),人(ren)口不過35﹒2萬(wan)人(ren),平(ping)均一個縣(xian)只有2萬(wan)人(ren)。那時農業耕作(zuo)剛脫離“刀耕火種(zhong)”的(de)原始粗放方式,尚處于封建(jian)社(she)會早(zao)期,生產力(li)不發達,人(ren)口又稀疏,不可能在(zai)面積(ji)達23萬(wan)平(ping)方米的(de)白(bai)(bai)口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北30公里(li)地(di)同(tong)時還有一座作(zuo)為一方政治(zhi)、經濟(ji)、文化中心的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池,更何(he)況(kuang)當地(di)文物工作(zuo)者多次有針對性的(de)調(diao)查(cha),在(zai)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北方向(xiang)一直未發現一絲古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)蹤跡(ji)。而(er)白(bai)(bai)口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始筑于西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)初(chu)年(nian)(nian),沿用到東晉末年(nian)(nian)前(qian)后,它(ta)與古廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)的(de)創建(jian)至升廬(lu)陵(ling)(ling)郡后外遷(qian)和(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)的(de)初(chu)建(jian)年(nian)(nian)代基本相(xiang)(xiang)符。
再(zai)者,白(bai)口城(cheng)(cheng)位于贛江邊,處于水陸(lu)要沖(chong),區位優勢明顯(xian),昔秦(qin)(qin)皇漢武(wu)的兩次征伐(fa)嶺南,數十萬浩浩大軍均(jun)由此(ci)經(jing)過,上世紀(ji)70年(nian)代(dai),泰(tai)和(he)(he)鄰縣(xian)遂川出土的一批秦(qin)(qin)代(dai)銅制兵器便是證明。從泰(tai)和(he)(he)的行政(zheng)治(zhi)所(suo)的歷史變遷(qian)來看,廬陵縣(xian)始建于白(bai)口城(cheng)(cheng),漢興平元(yuan)年(nian)(公元(yuan)194年(nian))升遷(qian)為(wei)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)置(zhi)西昌縣(xian)時,郡(jun)(jun)(jun)縣(xian)治(zhi)同在白(bai)口城(cheng)(cheng)。光緒版《泰(tai)和(he)(he)縣(xian)志》記載:“西昌為(wei)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)耳。”肯定(ding)了郡(jun)(jun)(jun)、縣(xian)同一治(zhi)所(suo),與此(ci)相符。綜上所(suo)述,即可確定(ding)白(bai)口城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)廬陵城(cheng)(cheng)。
肖(xiao)用桁(heng)說,對白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勘探,其意義(yi)不僅(jin)僅(jin)確定了白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為廬陵城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),從(cong)而破解(jie)了困擾人們千百年(nian)來古(gu)(gu)(gu)稱廬陵的(de)(de)(de)(de)吉安源頭(tou)之謎,而且(qie)(qie)對帶動江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)和(he)(he)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西古(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)研(yan)究(jiu)都(dou)具(ju)有(you)(you)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)價值。徐長青等(deng)專家(jia)曾撰文(wen)(wen)認為,20世紀80年(nian)代文(wen)(wen)物普查(cha)時,僅(jin)發現(xian)柴桑、梟(xiao)阝陽(yang)、南(nan)野(ye)等(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)遺(yi)物較(jiao)豐(feng)富(fu)。其中(zhong)柴桑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)有(you)(you)記(ji)載和(he)(he)漢晉時期(qi)墓葬(zang)依據,梟(xiao)阝陽(yang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)剩數十(shi)米(mi)(mi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻且(qie)(qie)已陷入鄱陽(yang)湖包圍中(zhong),南(nan)野(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為秦軍(jun)守南(nan)野(ye)界之地(di)(di),今存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)面積約4﹒6萬(wan)平方米(mi)(mi)。而白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)面積達23萬(wan)平方米(mi)(mi),無(wu)論從(cong)規模還是(shi)(shi)保(bao)存(cun)狀況(kuang),在(zai)(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西省都(dou)是(shi)(shi)當之無(wu)愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)大和(he)(he)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci),從(cong)研(yan)究(jiu)白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)入手(shou)帶動江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)研(yan)究(jiu)具(ju)有(you)(you)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)贛中(zhong)腹地(di)(di),為贛江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游(you)入上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“咽喉”所在(zai)(zai),它在(zai)(zai)贛北(bei)、贛中(zhong)、贛南(nan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳承(cheng)鏈條上(shang)具(ju)有(you)(you)十(shi)分顯赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)理優(you)勢,贛江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)下游(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原始文(wen)(wen)化(hua)如(ru)吳城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、新干商(shang)墓以及(ji)戰國糧倉等(deng)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)均(jun)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這一文(wen)(wen)化(hua)傳承(cheng)帶上(shang)。從(cong)這個(ge)意義(yi)上(shang)講,研(yan)究(jiu)白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西古(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)都(dou)具(ju)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。