2010年9月,為(wei)配合鄭(zheng)州(zhou)南出口暨鄭(zheng)新通道基本建設,經國(guo)家文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局批準,河南省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局、鄭(zheng)州(zhou)市(shi)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局組織鄭(zheng)州(zhou)市(shi)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古研究院正(zheng)式對(dui)望京樓遺(yi)(yi)址遺(yi)(yi)址進行(xing)考古發掘。
2010年9月至12月,該院在對河南(nan)新鄭望京樓遺址(zhi)考(kao)古發(fa)掘(jue)中(zhong),發(fa)現(xian)了(le)夏代和商代兩(liang)座城(cheng)址(zhi),并(bing)發(fa)現(xian)了(le)外廓(kuo)城(cheng),城(cheng)址(zhi)總面積達168萬平方米(mi)。
2011年(nian)1月12日(ri),鄭州市(shi)文物考古研(yan)究(jiu)院對外公(gong)布了一項考古發現,這是(shi)中原(yuan)地區繼鄭州商城(cheng)、偃師二里頭、偃師商城(cheng)和(he)滎陽(yang)大(da)師姑等之后,在夏商大(da)型城(cheng)址方面的又一重(zhong)大(da)發現,對我們研(yan)究(jiu)中原(yuan)地區早期(qi)城(cheng)市(shi)群的發展演變和(he)國(guo)家起源(yuan)意(yi)義重(zhong)大(da)。
望京(jing)樓商代城(cheng)址(zhi)保存較為(wei)完整。城(cheng)址(zhi)平(ping)面近方形,方向(xiang)為(wei)北偏東15°。東城(cheng)墻(qiang)長約(yue)(yue)590米(mi)(mi)(mi)、北城(cheng)墻(qiang)長約(yue)(yue)602米(mi)(mi)(mi)、南城(cheng)墻(qiang)長約(yue)(yue)630米(mi)(mi)(mi)、西城(cheng)墻(qiang)長約(yue)(yue)560米(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)墻(qiang)寬度為(wei)10~20米(mi)(mi)(mi),整個(ge)城(cheng)址(zhi)面積(ji)約(yue)(yue)為(wei)37萬平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。 城(cheng)墻(qiang)外側為(wei)寬約(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)護城(cheng)河(he)。
東城墻偏南發(fa)現(xian)城門(men)和(he)道(dao)路,整座(zuo)城門(men)占(zhan)地2000平(ping)方米,是目前(qian)我國發(fa)現(xian)早期城址(zhi)中(zhong)規模大(da)、形(xing)制(zhi)完備(bei)的(de)(de)城門(men)。城門(men)寬4.5米,呈(cheng)凹(ao)字形(xing),城門(men)兩側有立柱柱洞及(ji)附(fu)屬建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)施,從整個城門(men)的(de)(de)結構來看,可謂是后期甕城的(de)(de)雛形(xing),這將中(zhong)國甕城的(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)向前(qian)推到(dao)了商代前(qian)期。道(dao)路為(wei)東西走向,目前(qian)發(fa)掘長度(du)為(wei)40米,寬4~6米。在城址(zhi)中(zhong)南部發(fa)現(xian)大(da)型夯土建(jian)筑(zhu)基址(zhi)一處(chu),目前(qian)發(fa)掘面(mian)積為(wei)900平(ping)方米,為(wei)大(da)型回(hui)廊式建(jian)筑(zhu),北部為(wei)主體建(jian)筑(zhu),西、南、東為(wei)配房(fang),中(zhong)部為(wei)庭院。
夏代城址位于商代城址外(wai)(wai)側,緊(jin)鄰(lin)商城外(wai)(wai)護城河。
目前(qian)已(yi)確定該城(cheng)址(zhi)的東(dong)城(cheng)墻及東(dong)南(nan)、東(dong)北城(cheng)墻轉角,其(qi)中東(dong)城(cheng)墻長625米(mi)。城(cheng)址(zhi)平(ping)面亦為方形,其(qi)護城(cheng)河緊(jin)貼城(cheng)墻,寬約11米(mi)。
在(zai)距(ju)夏(xia)商城(cheng)址(zhi)城(cheng)墻(qiang)東北角約300米(mi)處的馬垌村(cun)東北部及南部鉆探時發現有夯土(tu)城(cheng)墻(qiang),城(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)為一(yi)條人工開鑿的壕溝,為外(wai)廓(kuo)城(cheng)墻(qiang)和(he)護(hu)城(cheng)河(he)(he)。護(hu)城(cheng)河(he)(he)長約1100米(mi),寬6~25米(mi),深3~4米(mi),經重點勘(kan)探,其東接(jie)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)溝水(shui),西連黃(huang)(huang)(huang)水(shui)河(he)(he)。總體來看,望(wang)(wang)京樓(lou)遺址(zhi)西、南有黃(huang)(huang)(huang)水(shui)河(he)(he),東有黃(huang)(huang)(huang)溝水(shui),惟北邊與陸地相通,這(zhe)樣,外(wai)廓(kuo)城(cheng)墻(qiang)、護(hu)城(cheng)河(he)(he)與黃(huang)(huang)(huang)水(shui)河(he)(he)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)溝水(shui)一(yi)起(qi)形成一(yi)個(ge)封閉的城(cheng)圈,望(wang)(wang)京樓(lou)遺址(zhi)的夏(xia)、商二城(cheng)均在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)大城(cheng)圈之內。
望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)之(zhi)后(hou),我(wo)國(guo)考(kao)古界專家嚴文(wen)(wen)(wen)明先(xian)生(sheng)和(he)李(li)伯(bo)謙(qian)先(xian)生(sheng)聞訊(xun)即親臨現(xian)場進行(xing)實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察,指出(chu)(chu)望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)十分重(zhong)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)古發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)。鑒于(yu)望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)意義重(zhong)大(da),2011年1月5日,河南(nan)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局邀請國(guo)家文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局、北京(jing)大(da)學、中國(guo)社會(hui)科學院(yuan)考(kao)古研究所(suo)、首都(dou)師范大(da)學、南(nan)京(jing)大(da)學、山(shan)東大(da)學等(deng)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)考(kao)古專家在新(xin)鄭召開(kai)“河南(nan)新(xin)鄭望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專家論證(zheng)會(hui)”。與會(hui)專家聽(ting)取(qu)了鄭州(zhou)市文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)考(kao)古研究院(yuan)對新(xin)鄭望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)匯(hui)報,實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察了發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘現(xian)場和(he)出(chu)(chu)土文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)標本(ben),并進行(xing)了科學的(de)(de)(de)研討和(he)論證(zheng)。專家們指出(chu)(chu):望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)僅次于(yu)夏(xia)代(dai)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偃師二里頭,其面積(ji)之(zhi)大(da)在夏(xia)代(dai)聚(ju)落中是極為(wei)罕見的(de)(de)(de),初步推測其性(xing)質可能為(wei)夏(xia)之(zhi)某一(yi)(yi)方國(guo)都(dou)邑;望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是繼(ji)鄭州(zhou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、偃師商(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)后(hou)河南(nan)境內(nei)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)又一(yi)(yi)座商(shang)(shang)(shang)代(dai)前期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其規模雖遜于(yu)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),但遠(yuan)大(da)于(yu)其他建(jian)于(yu)同時期的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此可彰顯出(chu)(chu)其高等(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)落地(di)位(wei)。望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門設施突出(chu)(chu)體現(xian)了濃(nong)厚的(de)(de)(de)軍事(shi)防御色彩(cai),為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)較(jiao)早形制較(jiao)為(wei)完備的(de)(de)(de)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。望(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)商(shang)(shang)(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)同一(yi)(yi)地(di)點,對于(yu)探(tan)討夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)歷史(shi)、夏(xia)代(dai)晚期文(wen)(wen)(wen)化與商(shang)(shang)(shang)代(dai)早期文(wen)(wen)(wen)化更替(ti)及中國(guo)早期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池建(jian)設等(deng)問(wen)題都(dou)具有重(zhong)要意義,是極為(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)古新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)。