具(ju)茨山古稱具(ju)茨山,現在名為(wei)始祖山,位于新鄭市區(qu)西南15公(gong)(gong)里(li)處的辛(xin)店鎮境內,面(mian)積(ji)約12平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),山清水秀,風景如畫(hua),黃帝文化遺跡遍布(bu)山野。2000年(nian)(nian)7月,河(he)南省(sheng)人民政府公(gong)(gong)布(bu)山頂的軒轅廟等景點(dian)為(wei)省(sheng)級重點(dian)文物保護單位,2001年(nian)(nian),公(gong)(gong)布(bu)為(wei)全國(guo)僑聯愛國(guo)主義教育基(ji)地(di)。2003年(nian)(nian)始祖山被河(he)南省(sheng)林(lin)業廳批準為(wei)省(sheng)級森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園,2005年(nian)(nian)被批準國(guo)家(jia)級森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園。
始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主(zhu)峰風(feng)后嶺海拔793米(mi)(mi),相對高(gao)度540米(mi)(mi),遠遠望去,好似一尊(zun)軒(xuan)轅黃帝(di)像,偉岸挺拔,眉眼(yan)畢現,蔚蔚壯觀,令人(ren)肅然起敬。風(feng)后嶺南坡(po)(po)和東坡(po)(po)為數(shu)百(bai)米(mi)(mi)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懸崖(ya)峭(qiao)壁,奇峰怪石林(lin)(lin)(lin)立,構成(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)峻雄偉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)岳(yue)風(feng)景。同時,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)(po)上(shang)叢林(lin)(lin)(lin)密布(bu),果園(yuan)飄(piao)香,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半(ban)腰(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青崗廟水(shui)庫,水(shui)平如鏡,清澈見底,西坡(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑龍潭、玉女池,溪水(shui)潺潺,波(bo)光瀲影,嫵媚動人(ren),形成(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、水(shui)、泉、林(lin)(lin)(lin)融(rong)為一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秀麗景色。近年來,全市(shi)累計有20余萬(wan)人(ren)次上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu),新(xin)植(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)青樹(shu)種(zhong)20萬(wan)株,始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)物達到48科252屬200多種(zhong),林(lin)(lin)(lin)地面積達4667公頃,森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達90%以上(shang),形成(cheng)(cheng)了垂直分布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闊葉混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai),生物生態林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、灌木植(zhi)(zhi)物林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)等三個群落。站(zhan)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)駝(tuo)窯村,仰觀始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東坡(po)(po),數(shu)百(bai)米(mi)(mi)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懸崖(ya)峭(qiao)壁直插云霄(xiao),怪石林(lin)(lin)(lin)立,險峰突兀(wu)。走進山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門,登上(shang)望祖(zu)亭(ting),遙觀山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炎黃二帝(di)巨雕坐像清晰(xi)可見,惟(wei)(wei)妙(miao)惟(wei)(wei)肖,栩栩如生。
由望祖(zu)(zu)亭上(shang)行不(bu)遠(yuan),便(bian)是(shi)(shi)正在(zai)興建的(de)黃帝大(da)(da)宗(zong)祠(ci)。大(da)(da)宗(zong)祠(ci)高30米(mi),寬27米(mi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)仿(fang)古建筑,投(tou)資1200萬元,是(shi)(shi)省“九五”期間重點建設旅游項目。建成(cheng)后,將成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)海(hai)內(nei)外炎黃子(zi)孫(sun)尋(xun)根拜(bai)祖(zu)(zu)的(de)“東方麥加”。從黃帝大(da)(da)宗(zong)祠(ci)拾(shi)級而上(shang),登408個(ge)臺(tai)階,便(bian)到了(le)嫘(lei)祖(zu)(zu)洞(dong)(dong)(古傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao))。這是(shi)(shi)古時人們(men)在(zai)懸崖絕壁上(shang)鑿挖(wa)的(de)大(da)(da)石(shi)洞(dong)(dong),內(nei)供有(you)嫘(lei)祖(zu)(zu)、嫫(mo)母塑像。扶(fu)石(shi)梯攀登到洞(dong)(dong)門口,可(ke)見洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)燒(shao)香拜(bai)祖(zu)(zu)的(de)游人成(cheng)群結隊,煙霧繚繞(rao)。站在(zai)洞(dong)(dong)口,已是(shi)(shi)身(shen)居云(yun)霧中(zhong),眼望處(chu)叢林片(pian)片(pian),綠(lv)海(hai)泛波,紫(zi)氣(qi)升騰。嫘(lei)祖(zu)(zu)洞(dong)(dong)外左邊不(bu)遠(yuan)的(de)懸崖上(shang),有(you)一小(xiao)龕,叫做“求子(zi)龕”。傳說每次(ci)揀7個(ge)石(shi)子(zi)往上(shang)投(tou),投(tou)進幾(ji)個(ge)石(shi)子(zi),娘(niang)娘(niang)送(song)給你(ni)幾(ji)個(ge)兒子(zi)。由嫘(lei)祖(zu)(zu)洞(dong)(dong)登高而上(shang),到達(da)力(li)牧峰,可(ke)望見遠(yuan)處(chu)高大(da)(da)的(de)雄(xiong)鷹石(shi),似蒼(cang)勁的(de)雄(xiong)鷹蹲(dun)在(zai)山巔,傲(ao)視(shi)蒼(cang)穹。
登(deng)上(shang)山(shan)頂,便到了(le)黃(huang)帝(di)祠中天門外(wai)。中天門是仿漢(han)代(dai)建筑(zhu),赤柱畫(hua)棟(dong),飛檐挑角。紅磚綠瓦,雄(xiong)偉(wei)壯(zhuang)觀。中天門里(li)有中天閣。中天閣下是黃(huang)帝(di)迎(ying)日推策峰,峰上(shang)有四臺(tai):黃(huang)帝(di)推策臺(tai),群臣盟誓臺(tai),智慧(hui)臺(tai),鴛(yuan)鴦(yang)臺(tai)。傳說(shuo)(shuo)是“黃(huang)帝(di)獲寶鼎,迎(ying)日推策,舉風后、力牧(mu)、常先、大鴻治民”的(de)遺址。推策臺(tai)上(shang),至今還有黃(huang)帝(di)的(de)腳印和黃(huang)帝(di)與嫘祖(zu)的(de)座印。站在(zai)迎(ying)日推策峰上(shang)拍(pai)手,中天門前便會出(chu)現彈琴(qin)似的(de)回(hui)音。回(hui)音形成一線,可(ke)傳數十(shi)米(mi)遠(yuan)。出(chu)名(ming)院士傅(fu)喜年先生(sheng)曾(ceng)在(zai)此(ci)拍(pai)手親試(shi),說(shuo)(shuo),“這里(li)的(de)琴(qin)聲回(hui)音出(chu)現在(zai)山(shan)峰上(shang),確是中華(hua)一絕。”
回首進(jin)中(zhong)天門(men),迎面(mian)便是始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)軒轅(yuan)(yuan)閣前(qian)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)碑 始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)景觀 ,上刻(ke)李德生題寫(xie)的(de)(de)碑文(wen)(wen)“巍(wei)巍(wei)具茨(ci)山(shan),文(wen)(wen)明(ming)八(ba)千年(nian)(nian)”。始(shi)祖(zu)山(shan)軒轅(yuan)(yuan)閣是四層樓閣,紅墻(qiang)(qiang)綠(lv)(lv)瓦,雕(diao)梁(liang)畫棟,挑角飛檐(yan),雄偉肅穆(mu)。登(deng)上樓閣,極目(mu)四望,頓覺心曠神怡。往(wang)(wang)西(xi)看(kan)(kan),峰峰嶺嶺起波瀾,重巒疊嶂山(shan)連山(shan);往(wang)(wang)北看(kan)(kan),綠(lv)(lv)野(ye)無垠大(da)平原(yuan),九曲黃河入青(qing)天;往(wang)(wang)東看(kan)(kan),水庫似鏡銀光閃(shan),溪水淙淙流深潭。由軒轅(yuan)(yuan)閣往(wang)(wang)西(xi)走,山(shan)頂是保(bao)(bao)存數千年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)古建筑——軒轅(yuan)(yuan)廟。大(da)殿全是青(qing)石(shi)(shi)板砌成,石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)、石(shi)(shi)架、石(shi)(shi)頂、石(shi)(shi)門(men)、石(shi)(shi)窗,內供(gong)軒轅(yuan)(yuan)黃帝老(lao)年(nian)(nian)坐像。門(men)上方(fang)懸掛全國政協副(fu)主席(xi)程思遠題寫(xie)的(de)(de)“人(ren)文(wen)(wen)初祖(zu)”匾額。門(men)外立一石(shi)(shi)碑,有前(qian)文(wen)(wen)化部部長賀敬之題寫(xie)的(de)(de)“中(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)始(shi)祖(zu)”碑文(wen)(wen)。此廟于2000年(nian)(nian)被(bei)河南省人(ren)民政府公布(bu)為河南省重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單位(wei)。
在軒轅廟北邊(bian),是歷代名人登山(shan)拜祖頌黃(huang)(huang)帝的石刻碑群。傳說,歷代名人和百姓每年(nian)三(san)月三(san)登山(shan)拜祖,延續至今。近(jin)年(nian)來有韓國、印(yin)度尼西亞、新加坡等(deng)地華人組團(tuan)登山(shan)拜祖。 現在,盤(pan)山(shan)公路(lu)直達山(shan)頂。遍山(shan)野的黃(huang)(huang)帝文(wen)化遺址,如軒轅宮、南崖宮、黃(huang)(huang)帝避暑宮、黃(huang)(huang)帝御花(hua)園、大鴻屯兵處以及少(shao)典祠、黃(huang)(huang)帝自然山(shan)飲馬泉、嫘祖廟、黃(huang)(huang)帝三(san)女冢等(deng)正在開發,迎接海內外人士觀(guan)光拜祖。