邘(yu)國是商(shang)代(dai)鄂(e)(e)侯(hou)(hou)封地。西周時,鄂(e)(e)侯(hou)(hou)南遷,周武王封次子邘(yu)叔(shu)于此(ci)。故(gu)《史記》徐廣注(zhu):"鄂(e)(e)――作邘(yu)"。《水經注(zhu)》載:"其(qi)(邘(yu))水南流,經邘(yu)城西,故(gu)邘(yu)國也。城南有(you)邘(yu)臺。京相璠(fan)日,今野王西北三十里有(you)故(gu)邘(yu)城,臺是也。"
在邘(yu)國故城西北(bei)還有(you)一小城,清代復(fu)修,原設門(men),皆以磚石拱券,門(men)額有(you)石刻,東曰"迎旭",南(nan)曰"古邘(yu)城"。因(yin)近年村(cun)建城大部分被拆除。
邘國(guo)(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于(yu)沁陽市西北(bei)15公(gong)里西萬鎮邘邰村東(dong)南。北(bei)依太行(xing)屏障,南瞰沁河(he)平原,地(di)勢北(bei)高南低。現從地(di)面上僅(jin)能看到其北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)及東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)一段,其余城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣均(jun)夷(yi)為(wei)(wei)平地(di)。古邘城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西北(bei)角(jiao)有(you)一高臺(tai),面積約1300余平方(fang)米,高9米,相傳(chuan)姜子牙曾在此(ci)釣魚,故曰"釣魚臺(tai)"。從僅(jin)殘存的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)看,夯土層為(wei)(wei)戰國(guo)(guo)時期,可能是戰國(guo)(guo)時期古邘國(guo)(guo)的衛(wei)星城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)為(wei)(wei)統治(zhi)階級單獨(du)居(ju)住(zhu)的地(di)方(fang)。
邘(yu)(yu)(yu)國故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)820米(mi)(mi),南北寬(kuan)580米(mi)(mi),地(di)表現(xian)存北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻及(ji)東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻一段,殘高2至7米(mi)(mi)不等,寬(kuan)17至22米(mi)(mi)。北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外仍存有(you)(you)(you)寬(kuan)40米(mi)(mi)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)現(xian)為(wei)耕地(di),地(di)下文化層及(ji)遺跡(ji)未經擾動,保存較好(hao)。西(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北,原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)四城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),南門(men)額為(wei)“古邘(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,大致呈抹角(jiao)方形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外有(you)(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。邘(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)100余米(mi)(mi)的(de)龍門(men)河西(xi)(xi)岸有(you)(you)(you)一條(tiao)南北長(chang)2.5公里的(de)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)堤防(fang)(fang),筑(zhu)于西(xi)(xi)周,是為(wei)防(fang)(fang)控龍門(men)河洪(hong)水(shui)對邘(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)危(wei)害而修筑(zhu)的(de)人(ren)工堤防(fang)(fang)。古籍《列時(shi)邘(yu)(yu)(yu)國圖》也繪制有(you)(you)(you)其城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)布局。此外,邘(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周圍(wei)還發現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)大量商、春秋、戰國、及(ji)漢(han)代時(shi)期的(de)墓葬群(qun),與(yu)邘(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存在(zai)著密切(qie)的(de)聯系。
加(jia)強對邘國故城(cheng)的保(bao)護,為研究古(gu)代(dai)城(cheng)址及邘姓起(qi)源提供了(le)重要的實(shi)物資(zi)料。
2013年(nian)5月,被(bei)國務院核定公布(bu)為第七(qi)批全國重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護單位。