邘(yu)國(guo)是商代鄂侯封地。西(xi)周時,鄂侯南遷(qian),周武(wu)王封次子邘(yu)叔于此。故《史記》徐廣注:"鄂――作(zuo)邘(yu)"。《水經注》載:"其(qi)(邘(yu))水南流,經邘(yu)城西(xi),故邘(yu)國(guo)也(ye)(ye)。城南有(you)邘(yu)臺。京相璠日(ri),今(jin)野王西(xi)北(bei)三十里有(you)故邘(yu)城,臺是也(ye)(ye)。"
在邘國故城西北(bei)還有一小城,清代復修,原設門(men),皆以磚石(shi)(shi)拱券,門(men)額有石(shi)(shi)刻,東曰"迎旭",南曰"古邘城"。因近(jin)年村建城大部(bu)分被拆除。
邘國故城(cheng)位于(yu)沁(qin)陽市西北(bei)(bei)15公里(li)西萬(wan)鎮邘邰村東(dong)南(nan)。北(bei)(bei)依太行(xing)屏障,南(nan)瞰(kan)沁(qin)河(he)平原,地(di)勢(shi)北(bei)(bei)高南(nan)低。現(xian)從(cong)地(di)面(mian)上僅能(neng)看(kan)到其北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)墻(qiang)及東(dong)城(cheng)墻(qiang)一(yi)段(duan),其余城(cheng)垣(yuan)均夷為平地(di)。古(gu)邘城(cheng)西北(bei)(bei)角有一(yi)高臺(tai),面(mian)積(ji)約1300余平方米,高9米,相傳姜子牙曾在此釣魚(yu),故曰(yue)"釣魚(yu)臺(tai)"。從(cong)僅殘存的城(cheng)墻(qiang)看(kan),夯土層為戰國時(shi)期,可(ke)能(neng)是戰國時(shi)期古(gu)邘國的衛(wei)星城(cheng)或為統治階級單獨居住的地(di)方。
邘(yu)國故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)東西(xi)兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東西(xi)長820米(mi),南北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)580米(mi),地表現存(cun)北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)及(ji)(ji)東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)一段(duan),殘高(gao)2至7米(mi)不等,寬(kuan)17至22米(mi)。北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)(wai)仍存(cun)有(you)寬(kuan)40米(mi)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內現為(wei)(wei)耕地,地下文化層及(ji)(ji)遺跡未經擾(rao)動,保存(cun)較(jiao)好。西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)(bei),原有(you)四城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),南門(men)額為(wei)(wei)“古(gu)邘(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,大致呈抹角方形(xing),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。邘(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東100余(yu)米(mi)的龍門(men)河西(xi)岸有(you)一條(tiao)南北(bei)(bei)長2.5公里的防洪(hong)堤防,筑于西(xi)周,是為(wei)(wei)防控龍門(men)河洪(hong)水(shui)對邘(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的危害而修筑的人工堤防。古(gu)籍《列(lie)時邘(yu)國圖》也繪制有(you)其城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的布局。此外(wai)(wai),邘(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周圍還發現有(you)大量商、春秋、戰國、及(ji)(ji)漢代時期的墓葬群,與邘(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存(cun)在著密切的聯系。
加(jia)強對邘(yu)國故(gu)城的保護(hu),為(wei)研究古代城址(zhi)及邘(yu)姓起源提供了重要的實(shi)物資料。
2013年5月,被國(guo)務院核定(ding)公布為第七批全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單位。