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基本介紹

彰德府城(cheng)隍(huang)廟又(you)叫“威靈(ling)公廟”，南山門位于河南省安(an)(an)(an)(an)陽(yang)市文(wen)(wen)峰(feng)(feng)區鼓樓東街(jie)六號(hao)，地處安(an)(an)(an)(an)陽(yang)老(lao)城(cheng)中心(xin)。尚未修(xiu)復的(de)(de)北山門位于安(an)(an)(an)(an)陽(yang)東西(xi)(xi)主干道文(wen)(wen)峰(feng)(feng)南路，附近(jin)既有繁華的(de)(de)商業街(jie)又(you)有從明代到民(min)國各個(ge)時代的(de)(de)古建(jian)筑。其西(xi)(xi)側(ce)兩百(bai)米為正在(zai)準備修(xiu)復的(de)(de)鼓樓，北側(ce)為安(an)(an)(an)(an)陽(yang)相州（安(an)(an)(an)(an)陽(yang)縣）城(cheng)隍(huang)廟。是豫北地區城(cheng)隍(huang)廟與城(cheng)隍(huang)文(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)代表。也是安(an)(an)(an)(an)陽(yang)市現存規(gui)模最大、歷(li)史悠久、保(bao)存完(wan)好的(de)(de)道教建(jian)筑與禮制建(jian)筑群(qun)。

根據清乾隆五十年（公(gong)元1787年）編修(xiu)(xiu)的(de)《彰德府(fu)(fu)志(zhi)》記載：彰德府(fu)(fu)城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇布(bu)局(ju)(ju)圖，當時(shi)城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)有(you)五進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)落(luo)、六(liu)所大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、配(pei)有(you)左(zuo)右對稱(cheng)的(de)廂房、前(qian)院(yuan)西(xi)側(ce)(ce)有(you)府(fu)(fu)屬(shu)七縣城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)一所，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)規整(zheng)，規模宏偉。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內城隍(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)之中(zhong)(zhong)供奉府(fu)(fu)城隍(huang)(huang)，兩側(ce)(ce)分(fen)列(lie)八(ba)(ba)大(da)(da)(da)將、黑白(bai)判官、牛(niu)頭、馬面、黑白(bai)無常、日(ri)夜巡游、鐘鼓神以及(ji)十殿(dian)(dian)閻王十八(ba)(ba)司(si)等地獄塑像。1933年城隍(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)被毀(hui)，戲樓、牌樓、八(ba)(ba)字墻(qiang)改建(jian)(jian)(jian)店鋪，辟為市場(chang)，至此，安陽最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)道教古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群走向衰弱。1982年，安陽市政府(fu)(fu)投入專款進(jin)(jin)行(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)繕。現存大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于明初，三殿(dian)(dian)、五殿(dian)(dian)、和(he)七縣城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)為落(luo)架大(da)(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)，仿其(qi)舊制。二殿(dian)(dian)、四(si)殿(dian)(dian)、牌坊(fang)為重建(jian)(jian)(jian)。重修(xiu)(xiu)后(hou)的(de)彰德府(fu)(fu)城隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)整(zheng)體規劃(hua)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)完(wan)整(zheng)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)造型(xing)豐(feng)富(fu)多樣。主院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)依次排列(lie)為四(si)柱三樓式(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)牌樓。三間(jian)(jian)(jian)歇山重檐式(shi)(shi)(shi)山門及(ji)兩側(ce)(ce)八(ba)(ba)字琉璃照壁、池上架設三孔拱橋。三間(jian)(jian)(jian)懸(xuan)山式(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)、三間(jian)(jian)(jian)懸(xuan)山式(shi)(shi)(shi)拜殿(dian)(dian)、吳(wu)劍歇山式(shi)(shi)(shi)城隍(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、五間(jian)(jian)(jian)懸(xuan)山式(shi)(shi)(shi)寢殿(dian)(dian)、三間(jian)(jian)(jian)硬(ying)山式(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)（因拆(chai)遷(qian)問題暫時(shi)未(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設）、中(zhong)(zhong)軸兩側(ce)(ce)分(fen)配(pei)對稱(cheng)的(de)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)及(ji)十九間(jian)(jian)(jian)廊(lang)房，使其(qi)更加(jia)威嚴肅穆(mu)、恢弘壯觀。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)造型(xing)多種多樣，極具藝術型(xing)、科學性、文物(wu)價值。

歷史沿革

和很多(duo)(duo)古城(cheng)(cheng)一樣(yang)，安陽(yang)的(de)彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)有著(zhu)顯赫(he)的(de)歷史。據史料記載：彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟始建于北周(zhou)大象二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)580年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）至隋大業年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)618年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）。《彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府府志》記載：“彰(zhang)德(de)(de)有城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)府，自設郡起由(you)來已久，不(bu)自明始”，說的(de)是彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟有悠久的(de)歷史。據山門題記記載，明洪武年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)被敕(chi)封為“威靈公(gong)(gong)”，彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟隨之(zhi)于明洪武二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1369年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）進行了擴建修葺(qi)。碑刻(ke)記載：“推彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)聰明正直，圣不(bu)可罔，《彰(zhang)德(de)(de)府志》亦云。”歷明朝(chao)景泰五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1454年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、成華二(er)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1486年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬歷十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1587年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬歷二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1600年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、清朝(chao)乾(qian)隆二(er)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1772年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、嘉慶十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1808年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、等朝(chao)代多(duo)(duo)次(ci)修葺(qi)。

建(jian)國后(hou)特殊歷史時期(qi)，城隍(huang)廟受(shou)到了毀滅性(xing)打(da)擊，瘋狂(kuang)的人群在(zai)廟里肆意的破壞，府內(nei)建(jian)筑神像多數被毀。但是有(you)善信(xin)在(zai)那個(ge)年(nian)代(dai)依舊冒(mao)死把悄(qiao)悄(qiao)的把城隍(huang)爺神像進行(xing)的轉移保護，才使得城隍(huang)神像避免了這場浩劫，在(zai)后(hou)來的城隍(huang)廟修復過程中，城隍(huang)神像雕塑得以回歸。

彰德府(fu)城隍廟(miao)是(shi)安陽市內不可(ke)多(duo)得的，同時也是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存最完(wan)好的宗教建(jian)筑(zhu)，1986年被(bei)評(ping)定為河南(nan)省重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單位。2013年5月被(bei)評(ping)為全國重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單位。

目前宮觀內成立了安(an)陽民俗博物館，免費對市民開(kai)放。同時在宮觀的(de)西南角(jiao)開(kai)設了專門的(de)上香(xiang)祭拜區域，逢年過(guo)節香(xiang)火非常鼎盛。