芒果视频下载

基本介紹

肇慶(qing)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻蜿蜒2800多米(mi)，巍然屹立(li)，位于城(cheng)(cheng)墻西北段最高處的(de)(de)披云樓高高聳立(li)。青磚壘成的(de)(de)斑(ban)駁城(cheng)(cheng)墻和(he)鉆出墻縫的(de)(de)頑強小草，向(xiang)人們(men)訴說著千年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)滄(cang)桑和(he)這個國家級(ji)歷史(shi)文化名城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)變遷。

宋(song)代(dai)的(de)肇慶古城墻，其城墻一共開有(you)四門：東(dong)曰宋(song)崇、西曰鎮(zhen)西、南曰端溪、北(bei)曰朝天。因此在(zai)城墻的(de)周(zhou)邊有(you)四個名稱分別為“東(dong)門”“西門”“南門”“北(bei)門”的(de)公共汽車站(zhan)。

城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)之上各有(you)(you)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)樓1座，四門(men)(men)(men)之外有(you)(you)甕城(cheng)，城(cheng)墻(qiang)四角(jiao)(jiao)各有(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)樓1座，城(cheng)外還有(you)(you)護城(cheng)河。明成(cheng)化五年（1469年），知府(fu)李璲增厚了部(bu)分城(cheng)墻(qiang)，并親自題書四門(men)(men)(men)石匾額，改東門(men)(men)(men)曰慶云、西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)曰景星(xing)、南門(men)(men)(men)曰南薰、北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)曰朝天。

現古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)周長2801.2米(mi)，其(qi)中東段(duan)403.4米(mi)、西(xi)(xi)段(duan)376.9米(mi)、南段(duan)992.3米(mi)、北段(duan)1028.6米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)寬8米(mi)至18米(mi)，兩(liang)邊砌磚(zhuan)，中間填土，磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)厚60厘米(mi)至120厘米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外圍有(you)(you)(you)(you)28個突(tu)出的(de)敵臺(tai)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚(zhuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)9種不同的(de)規(gui)(gui)格，是歷(li)史上多次修(xiu)葺(qi)(qi)的(de)見證。當時為御敵兵(bing)，筑土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，規(gui)(gui)模“僅(jin)容廨宇”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)歷(li)代有(you)(you)(you)(you)擴大和(he)修(xiu)整(zheng)。宋政(zheng)和(he)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1113年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），知州鄭(zheng)敦(dun)義將(jiang)土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擴大，筑為磚(zhuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，開(kai)4門(men)(men)(men)，東曰(yue)宋崇，西(xi)(xi)曰(yue)鎮南，南曰(yue)端溪(xi)，北曰(yue)朝天。4門(men)(men)(men)之外各有(you)(you)(you)(you)半月(yue)形(xing)子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，稱月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各開(kai)一門(men)(men)(men)，稱廓門(men)(men)(men)，月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之上各有(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)樓一座(zuo)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四角(jiao)亦各有(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)樓一座(zuo)，北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)西(xi)(xi)段(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)披云樓，南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)東段(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)文昌閣(ge)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上有(you)(you)(you)(you)空心炮臺(tai)6座(zuo)，小(xiao)炮臺(tai)17座(zuo)，兵(bing)房13間，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外有(you)(you)(you)(you)濠塹，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)內濠。明(ming)(ming)洪武元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1368年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），由江西(xi)(xi)行省郎中攝府(fu)(fu)事黃德明(ming)(ming)主持了(le)首次修(xiu)葺(qi)(qi)。明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)化年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，又先后6次修(xiu)葺(qi)(qi)，增加了(le)串(chuan)樓810間，加厚了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)厚度，并刻了(le)四門(men)(men)(men)石匾額，東門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)慶云、西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)景(jing)星、南門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)南薰、北門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)朝天。明(ming)(ming)清以(yi)來，先后10多次修(xiu)整(zheng)，其(qi)中規(gui)(gui)模較大的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：崇禎十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1614年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），肇慶府(fu)(fu)總(zong)督(du)張鏡(jing)心將(jiang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體增高3.5尺，改(gai)建4門(men)(men)(men)月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。清順治八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1651年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），總(zong)兵(bing)許爾顯，知府(fu)(fu)張之璧增建炮臺(tai)6座(zuo)，窩(wo)鋪148間，水城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)炮臺(tai)2所，拆除城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)附近(jin)的(de)房屋(wu)，增修(xiu)樓堞等。

歷史沿革

肇慶(qing)古(gu)城墻(qiang)始建(jian)于宋皇佑年中（1053年）。雖經過953年的風風雨雨，但古(gu)城墻(qiang)位置與(yu)周長始終未變。像肇慶(qing)古(gu)城墻(qiang)這樣主體(ti)和城周基本完整的宋代磚城墻(qiang)，是廣東僅有，全(quan)國極(ji)少(shao)見(jian)的。

史載廣西壯(zhuang)族(zu)首(shou)領儂智高(gao)(gao)反宋(song)，兵(bing)鋒(feng)直逼端(duan)州，端(duan)州太守丁寶臣因無城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)守，棄城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)逃跑，被朝(chao)廷撤(che)職。狄(di)青平定(ding)儂智高(gao)(gao)后（1053年(nian)(nian)(nian)），肇(zhao)慶始筑土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)。宋(song)政和三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1113年(nian)(nian)(nian)）郡守鄭敦義(yi)將(jiang)土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擴(kuo)大，筑為(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，開四(si)門：東(dong)曰"宋(song)崇"，西曰"鎮西"，南(nan)曰"端(duan)溪"，北(bei)曰"朝(chao)天(tian)(tian)"。宋(song)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建成之后，經歷250多年(nian)(nian)(nian)，到(dao)明(ming)洪(hong)武(wu)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1368年(nian)(nian)(nian)）才作(zuo)首(shou)次(ci)(ci)修葺。明(ming)成化元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1465年(nian)(nian)(nian)）至清(qing)(qing)同(tong)(tong)治十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)407年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)，先后修葺了20次(ci)(ci)，其中成化十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1480年(nian)(nian)(nian)）知(zhi)府(fu)李在披云(yun)樓(lou)(lou)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)濠的(de)(de)近濠處增(zeng)(zeng)建了樓(lou)(lou)下磚(zhuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堵，加(jia)大了部分城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)。并且刻了四(si)門的(de)(de)石匾額，改東(dong)門為(wei)(wei)"慶云(yun)"，西門為(wei)(wei)"景(jing)星(xing)"，南(nan)門為(wei)(wei)"南(nan)薰"，北(bei)門仍為(wei)(wei)"朝(chao)天(tian)(tian)"。崇禎十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1641年(nian)(nian)(nian)）肇(zhao)慶府(fu)總督張鏡心(xin)主持，對古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)了更(geng)大規模的(de)(de)修葺，把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)(gao)了3尺(chi)5寸，使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)之高(gao)(gao)度(du)增(zeng)(zeng)至2丈5尺(chi)5寸。同(tong)(tong)時，改建了四(si)門的(de)(de)月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，增(zeng)(zeng)筑了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門馬(ma)路。清(qing)(qing)代，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)多次(ci)(ci)在戰火中損(sun)毀，為(wei)(wei)加(jia)強城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池的(de)(de)防(fang)衛(wei)。清(qing)(qing)順治八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1651年(nian)(nian)(nian)）總兵(bing)許爾(er)顯(xian)、知(zhi)府(fu)張之璧在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上增(zeng)(zeng)建炮(pao)臺6座、窩鋪148間(jian)、水(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)炮(pao)臺2所(suo)，拆除(chu)離城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)4尺(chi)以內(nei)的(de)(de)房屋，增(zeng)(zeng)置修葺樓(lou)(lou)堞。此后直至民(min)國(guo)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池保持完好。

1915年，乙卯洪災(zai)，城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)抵御了洪災(zai)，使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)內仍(reng)安然無恙。但城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)因此(ci)受到損害。1916年，肇陽羅鎮(zhen)守使(shi)李耀漢(han)即撥款(kuan)修葺城(cheng)(cheng)墻，浚治東門(men)外的濠道(dao)。從1924年至1926年，將城(cheng)(cheng)墻上的城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓、雉角樓、文(wen)昌(chang)閣、月城(cheng)(cheng)炮臺，城(cheng)(cheng)墻除(chu)披(pi)云樓段(duan)外全部拆低了約7市尺，并(bing)填塞(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)，修成斜(xie)坡以(yi)利交通(tong)。

宋(song)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內歷史(shi)上曾有(you)過端州府衙、兩廣總督(du)府、端溪書院、校場、廣濟倉和(he)(he)商(shang)業街市(shi)等。按照(zhao)我市(shi)名城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)護規(gui)劃和(he)(he)文化(hua)建(jian)設規(gui)劃，對古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻將分(fen)期進行整(zheng)體恢復和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)護。與此同時，對宋(song)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內和(he)(he)周邊地區(qu)，將加大整(zheng)治力度，保(bao)(bao)護好并逐步恢復有(you)關文物遺址。

肇慶(qing)"宋文化"景(jing)點(dian)之(zhi)肇慶(qing)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，端(duan)州區的古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，始建于(yu)宋政和(he)三年(1113年)，周長2800多米，高6.5一(yi)10米，寬(kuan)8.5一(yi)18米。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外(wai)皮砌磚(zhuan)，內為夯(hang)土(tu)。宋代(dai)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻開(kai)四(si)門(men)(men)：東曰宋崇、西曰鎮南(nan)、南(nan)曰端(duan)溪(xi)、北曰朝天。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)之(zhi)上(shang)各有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)樓1座，四(si)門(men)(men)之(zhi)外(wai)有(you)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻四(si)角各有(you)角樓1座，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)還(huan)有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。明(ming)清兩代(dai)歷(li)經近20次修聾。

肇(zhao)慶古城墻(qiang)始于宋(song)朝建成，并投入軍(jun)事使(shi)用，在明(ming)朝、清朝兩代(dai)歷經近20次修(xiu)聾。期間雷雹洪災，風(feng)吹雨打，然而主體保持完好(hao)。

中華民國十三年至十五(wu)年（1924-1926年），城(cheng)(cheng)墻上(shang)的城(cheng)(cheng)門樓(lou)、角樓(lou)、雉(zhi)堞(die)、甕城(cheng)(cheng)被全部拆毀，用以(yi)填塞(sai)城(cheng)(cheng)

門和護城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)以利交通，使城(cheng)(cheng)墻遭到極大的破壞。

1924年-1926年，城(cheng)墻上的城(cheng)門(men)樓、角樓、雉(zhi)堞、甕(weng)城(cheng)被全部拆毀，用(yong)以填塞(sai)城(cheng)門(men)和(he)護(hu)城(cheng)河以利(li)交通，使城(cheng)墻遭到(dao)極大的破壞。

1987年以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，肇慶市政(zheng)府為保護名(ming)城(cheng)的標志(zhi)性(xing)建(jian)筑，曾多次撥專款搶修北(bei)段城(cheng)墻，恢復(fu)了"朝天(tian)(tian)門"、墩臺和(he)雉堞(die)，并重建(jian)了披(pi)云樓(lou)，使肇慶古城(cheng)墻得(de)以(yi)重現。但到今天(tian)(tian)，宋(song)(song)城(cheng)墻除(chu)了北(bei)側一段，四周(zhou)仍處在(zai)后(hou)(hou)世建(jian)筑的包(bao)圍之(zhi)中。如何使城(cheng)墻擺(bai)脫包(bao)圍，恢復(fu)本(ben)來面目(mu)。肇慶市有關部門在(zai)開通(tong)北(bei)側宋(song)(song)城(cheng)一路(lu)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，又投入巨資建(jian)設宋(song)(song)城(cheng)二路(lu)，使之(zhi)與(yu)宋(song)(song)城(cheng)一路(lu)連接，將北(bei)側首先展現給(gei)世人。

1987年(nian)至(zhi)于1996年(nian)間，肇(zhao)慶市人(ren)民政(zheng)府為(wei)保護名城(cheng)的標(biao)志性建(jian)筑，發展旅游事(shi)業(ye)，曾(ceng)多次撥專(zhuan)款搶修北段城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)，本著“整舊如舊”、“恢復(fu)原(yuan)貌”的修繕原(yuan)則，恢復(fu)“朝天門”、墩臺和(he)雉(zhi)堞，并重(zhong)建(jian)了披云樓，使肇(zhao)慶古城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)得以重(zhong)現(xian)，肇(zhao)慶國(guo)家歷(li)史文化(hua)名城(cheng)得以再度(du)輝煌。其中(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)史價值較(jiao)高的是(shi)宋城(cheng)路一帶城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的北段，在(zai)其內部(bu)為(wei)廣東肇(zhao)慶中(zhong)(zhong)學初中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)和(he)肇(zhao)慶市第一人(ren)民醫院舊址(zhi)。

解放后，人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府依法保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和分期維修(xiu)城墻，逐步整治周邊環境，使其雄姿再現。它是歷史文化名(ming)城肇慶較具標志性的建筑，1989年被廣東省人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府公布(bu)(bu)為省重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位，2001年被國(guo)務院(yuan)公布(bu)(bu)為全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位。