肖金塔(ta)為全國重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。
金(jin)(jin)(jin)城寺(si)磚塔在(zai)慶陽市西峰區(qu)肖(xiao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鎮中,北距西峰鎮二十公(gong)里。塔始建于(yu)北宋(song)政和八年(1118)。肖(xiao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鎮原有金(jin)(jin)(jin)城寺(si),磚塔建于(yu)寺(si)中,寺(si)院早毀只留此塔。省級文物保護單位。
肖金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)八(ba)角七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓閣式,現存六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),高(gao)二十(shi)一點二六(liu)米。與環(huan)縣、湘(xiang)樂古塔(ta)(ta)似(si)。第(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)身很高(gao),無臺(tai)基和基座,塔(ta)(ta)開(kai)正東(dong)門(men)(men),為晚期修補,單磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券頂,高(gao)一點九(jiu)、寬零(ling)(ling)點六(liu)六(liu),進(jin)深一點四(si)(si)六(liu)米。高(gao)四(si)(si)點二米處始安(an)裝(zhuang)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong),每面(mian)三(san)(san)朵(duo),共二十(shi)四(si)(si)個,另外角斗(dou)(dou)共八(ba)個。整(zheng)個子(zi)身科為仿(fang)木(mu)結構,一斗(dou)(dou)三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)。其拱(gong)高(gao)出(chu)墻面(mian)一厘米。槽(cao)升(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)高(gao)出(chu)墻面(mian)。翹(qiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊(kuai)長(chang)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)對(dui)立(li),翹(qiao)下弧為半(ban)徑作(zuo)圓。三(san)(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)(ju)磨(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng),上(shang)(shang)壓耍頭(tou)樣子(zi)和翹(qiao)。耍頭(tou)三(san)(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)托替(ti)木(mu)式,斗(dou)(dou)升(sheng)(sheng)全無斗(dou)(dou)耳。替(ti)木(mu)上(shang)(shang)砌平(ping)(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),兩(liang)條(tiao)線挑尖狀花磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),雕刻(ke)(ke)(ke)蓮花瓣磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),又砌平(ping)(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、狗牙子(zi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)各(ge)(ge)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。假(jia)椽飛頭(tou)各(ge)(ge)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),椽用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)(ju)磨(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。檐(yan)瓦也用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)(ju)磨(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。出(chu)檐(yan)長(chang)九(jiu)十(shi)厘米。檐(yan)頂疊(die)澀磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)收七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墻身平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌四(si)(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),以(yi)上(shang)(shang)裝(zhuang)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)三(san)(san)朵(duo),耍頭(tou)三(san)(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)托下沿,即欄(lan)(lan)桿(gan)下部。各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)上(shang)(shang)均施平(ping)(ping)(ping)座欄(lan)(lan)桿(gan),欄(lan)(lan)桿(gan)磨(mo)(mo)棱,欄(lan)(lan)版(ban)雕刻(ke)(ke)(ke)令字圖案。平(ping)(ping)(ping)座下斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)于(yu)檐(yan)下同(tong)。以(yi)上(shang)(shang)各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)逐漸縮(suo)小,造型相(xiang)同(tong)。塔(ta)(ta)身各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各(ge)(ge)面(mian)有(you)真假(jia)門(men)(men),真門(men)(men)卷頂,門(men)(men)洞內(nei)壁用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)混合平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。假(jia)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)版(ban)門(men)(men)有(you)門(men)(men)扇、門(men)(men)眉(mei)、鋪(pu)首、門(men)(men)框,立(li)體(ti)感極強。仿(fang)木(mu)直欞窗刻(ke)(ke)(ke)六(liu)角欞花格子(zi),雕工精(jing)(jing)細。門(men)(men)窗布局(ju)相(xiang)互交錯,各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)都有(you)。塔(ta)(ta)室(shi)內(nei)呈八(ba)角形每面(mian)寬零(ling)(ling)點九(jiu)四(si)(si)米。各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓板已毀,僅留(liu)殘(can)孔(kong)。建筑材料(liao)(liao)全部采用(yong)(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和細黃(huang)土泥砌筑而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。所用(yong)(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)規格不一,有(you)長(chang)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和方(fang)(fang)塊(kuai)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。主要(yao)裝(zhuang)飾部件如斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)、翹(qiao)、假(jia)椽、檐(yan)瓦及花紋圖案皆用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)(ju)磨(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng),圖形規范(fan),刻(ke)(ke)(ke)磨(mo)(mo)工藝(yi)精(jing)(jing)細。水平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌縫(feng)和豎縫(feng)極小。各(ge)(ge)角柱用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊(kuai)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磨(mo)(mo)邊對(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)絲(si)縫(feng),工藝(yi)精(jing)(jing)巧令人嘆服。假(jia)門(men)(men)假(jia)窗精(jing)(jing)雕細刻(ke)(ke)(ke)仿(fang)真無二。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)梁角以(yi)細白砂(sha)石料(liao)(liao)雕刻(ke)(ke)(ke)飛天、龍(long)頭(tou),下鑿孔(kong),設(she)鐵(tie)吊環(huan)懸掛風鈴而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong),現僅留(liu)五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。其墻面(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌并縫(feng)部位(wei)大多(duo)不求咬槎(cha)錯縫(feng)。
磚塔(ta)塔(ta)身傾斜原貌殘缺,塔(ta)體上銘刻題記(ji)中三方有紀年。
磚(zhuan)(zhuan)塔第二層(ceng)正面構欄底部磚(zhuan)(zhuan)刻記載:“政和八年(nian)閏九月初三(san),本鎮十(shi)姊妹舍到(dao)塔上(shang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)壹窯,計兩(liang)仟三(san)百口,具舍磚(zhuan)(zhuan)人數下項……”。
“本鎮坊廊人戶高遇(yu)謹施(shi)磚兩仟三百(bai)口,伏傷前(qian)生今世積劫,莫(mo)大之罪清除,福降隨身,宣和二年七月(1120)高遇(yu)謹施(shi)。”
“彭陽縣崇信鄉野村社(she)人(ren)(ren)郭吉,施(shi)磚一仟口,祈保人(ren)(ren)口亨通,老幼安寧(ning)。宣和二(er)年七月廿日,施(shi)掌郭吉。”
據(ju)此證實,肖金磚塔建于北宋徽宗年(nian)間,工期(qi)兩年(nian)之久無疑。二千零八年(nian)汶(wen)川(chuan)大地震中肖金磚塔受損。