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基本介紹

世(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)堂(tang)(tang)是蘭溪地區最具宋(song)(song)(song)元(yuan)風格的(de)木構建(jian)筑，其正廳檐下的(de)單抄雙下昂六鋪作和內槽三(san)(san)疊梁等都是當(dang)地古建(jian)的(de)罕見孤例，1997年(nian)(nian)該建(jian)筑被公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)浙江(jiang)省文物保(bao)護單位。譜(pu)載(zai)世(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)堂(tang)(tang)是為(wei)(wei)祭(ji)祀三(san)(san)泉人唐元(yuan)章、唐良(liang)嗣兩(liang)位南宋(song)(song)(song)抗(kang)元(yuan)名將而建(jian)，南宋(song)(song)(song)德(de)(de)(de)(de)祐二年(nian)(nian)(1276年(nian)(nian))唐氏(shi)叔(shu)侄二人率兵(bing)(bing)大敗元(yuan)軍(jun)于蘭溪黃湓灘，朝(chao)廷加(jia)(jia)元(yuan)章朝(chao)請大夫，命(ming)知嚴州，加(jia)(jia)良(liang)嗣閣(ge)門宣贊(zan)武翼(yi)(yi)將軍(jun)、江(jiang)淮閩浙都統兵(bing)(bing)馬(ma)使，兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)后分別戰死在龍游白云寺和江(jiang)山仙霞(xia)嶺，宋(song)(song)(song)丞(cheng)相文天祥為(wei)(wei)其題寫的(de)“正氣千(qian)秋”、勅(chi)封“武翼(yi)(yi)將軍(jun)”兩(liang)古匾一直保(bao)留于世(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)堂(tang)(tang)，所以民間有世(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)堂(tang)(tang)為(wei)(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)元(yuan)遺構之說。

2005年世(shi)德(de)堂維(wei)修(xiu)期間(jian)，“狀元及第(di)(di)”（明嘉靖庚戌殿試第(di)(di)一甲第(di)(di)一名唐(tang)(tang)(tang)汝楫立(li)(li)）、“翰林學士”（宋天(tian)圣翰林唐(tang)(tang)(tang)滿立(li)(li)）、勅封(feng)“溫國(guo)公”（宋戶(hu)部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)恪(ke)立(li)(li)）、特賜(si)“成(cheng)忠郎(lang)”（宋鄧(deng)州都司唐(tang)(tang)(tang)堯(yao)卿立(li)(li)）等宋明豎匾(bian)也(ye)得到修(xiu)整，另有幾十塊毀于“文革”的橫匾(bian)也(ye)因當年一位睿智老人(ren)的偷偷摘抄而重見(jian)天(tian)日于盛世(shi)。那些(xie)標榜(bang)著宗族榮耀的文字多(duo)少會有炫(xuan)耀和教化的動(dong)機，但無(wu)疑也(ye)是唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏后(hou)裔的精神(shen)氣質所(suo)在。

世德堂俗(su)稱將士廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，坐(zuo)北朝南偏東(dong)(dong)45°左右，總體(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)進兩(liang)天井(jing)合(he)(he)(he)院式(shi)(shi)，依次(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)照壁、門樓(lou)(lou)、門廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、后(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、廂廊(lang)、夾弄等(deng)(deng)(deng)組成。現存磚雕(diao)門樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉靖(jing)年間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建造(zao)，四柱(zhu)(zhu)五樓(lou)(lou)牌坊式(shi)(shi)，樓(lou)(lou)脊(ji)有(you)(you)(you)寶(bao)瓶、三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)戟、獅(shi)子(zi)和(he)魚龍(long)吻獸等(deng)(deng)(deng)吉(ji)祥飾物(wu)(wu)，正樓(lou)(lou)下(xia)書“東(dong)(dong)魯”二(er)(er)字(zi)，意(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)忘山(shan)東(dong)(dong)先祖，額(e)枋上有(you)(you)(you)高浮雕(diao)的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)獅(shi)戲(xi)球、麒麟、牡(mu)丹等(deng)(deng)(deng)，各檐(yan)(yan)出(chu)跳仿木(mu)(mu)五踩計心(xin)斗(dou)拱(gong)共十二(er)(er)攢，部分施象鼻昂(ang)，拱(gong)眼壁等(deng)(deng)(deng)處有(you)(you)(you)彩畫。樓(lou)(lou)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)庫門，有(you)(you)(you)泡(pao)釘，兩(liang)旁設抱鼓(gu)(gu)石(shi)和(he)旗(qi)桿石(shi)。門廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)面(mian)闊(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進深九(jiu)(jiu)檁(lin)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)五架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對(dui)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)雙(shuang)步(bu)(bu)，次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)，磚制(zhi)仿木(mu)(mu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)在(zai)清(qing)道(dao)光二(er)(er)十年（1840年）拆改出(chu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)頂固定式(shi)(shi)戲(xi)臺(tai)，檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)撐(cheng)托獅(shi)子(zi)牛腿，該進建筑在(zai)3年前(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)修中(zhong)更換了(le)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)大(da)木(mu)(mu)構件。戲(xi)臺(tai)正對(dui)正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，兩(liang)旁用(yong)廂廊(lang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圍合(he)(he)(he)天井(jing)。正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)面(mian)闊(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進深三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)才粗(cu)壯，結(jie)(jie)構奇巧，在(zai)當地有(you)(you)(you)民間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小皇(huang)宮之稱。前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)頭和(he)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)抄(chao)雙(shuang)下(xia)昂(ang)六鋪作(zuo)(zuo)共十朵（其中(zhong)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各兩(liang)朵），單(dan)(dan)(dan)材重(zhong)拱(gong)計心(xin)造(zao)，昂(ang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)琴(qin)面(mian)昂(ang)，整體(ti)與(yu)宋元官(guan)式(shi)(shi)做法相(xiang)似，但補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)無(wu)(wu)后(hou)尾(wei)，顯然以(yi)裝飾為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、受力為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔(fu)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)廊(lang)五檁(lin)，用(yong)覆(fu)水(shui)椽，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)構，單(dan)(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)五架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)扁作(zuo)(zuo)月梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)造(zao)，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)頭無(wu)(wu)雕(diao)飾，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)點處用(yong)足(zu)材丁頭拱(gong)，騎(qi)栿(fa)拱(gong)順檁(lin)方向出(chu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)跳足(zu)材，坐(zuo)斗(dou)下(xia)用(yong)駝峰。內槽七檁(lin)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)構，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、五架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、七架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)互相(xiang)疊加成“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)疊梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”，七架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)插(cha)入(ru)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)櫨斗(dou)，櫨斗(dou)用(yong)圓形(xing)(xing)，出(chu)十字(zi)拱(gong)、蟬肚替木(mu)(mu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)承托梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿(fa)。所有(you)(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿(fa)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均用(yong)騎(qi)栿(fa)拱(gong)（十字(zi)拱(gong)）承托，次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山(shan)縫抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)，中(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)落地，兩(liang)旁用(yong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、雙(shuang)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)疊加，風(feng)格與(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)取得統一。后(hou)廊(lang)用(yong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)。后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)額(e)及內額(e)施一斗(dou)九(jiu)(jiu)升的(de)(de)(de)扶壁拱(gong)和(he)襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)。除(chu)西次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)廊(lang)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)根外均用(yong)木(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)，梭柱(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯，明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)、四金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鼓(gu)(gu)狀柱(zhu)(zhu)礎，其余為(wei)(wei)(wei)礩形(xing)(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)礎。根據正廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)大(da)木(mu)(mu)分析，專家斷代為(wei)(wei)(wei)元末明(ming)(ming)(ming)初建筑。后(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)末添建，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)搭廂式(shi)(shi)，正房為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)樓(lou)(lou)屋，樓(lou)(lou)下(xia)明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)(jie)構，每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)四扇五抹隔扇門，前(qian)(qian)(qian)廊(lang)出(chu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)檁(lin)，青石(shi)抹角方柱(zhu)(zhu)，四只(zhi)人物(wu)(wu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)牛腿為(wei)(wei)(wei)近年被盜(dao)后(hou)重(zhong)新(xin)復(fu)制(zhi)，兩(liang)次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)山(shan)墻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)梯(ti)可(ke)登(deng)樓(lou)(lou)，樓(lou)(lou)上草架(jia)(jia)(jia)，用(yong)七檁(lin)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)樸素的(de)(de)(de)壺嘴(zui)形(xing)(xing)撐(cheng)拱(gong)。后(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)存有(you)(you)(you)供奉祖先牌位的(de)(de)(de)神櫥，小木(mu)(mu)作(zuo)(zuo)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)考究。