陽谷(gu)景陽崗遺(yi)址出土的(de)龍(long)(long)山(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)物具有(you)明顯的(de)地(di)方(fang)性。在(zai)陶器中,以(yi)灰陶為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,黑陶較(jiao)少(shao),紅褐陶占(zhan)有(you)一定比例。紋飾以(yi)素面為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,有(you)較(jiao)多的(de)籃紋、繩(sheng)紋、方(fang)格紋。器類(lei)以(yi)盆、罐、豆、盒(he)、甕為(wei)(wei)(wei)常見,鼎、鬲較(jiao)少(shao),以(yi)罐作為(wei)(wei)(wei)主要炊器之一,鬲部飾繩(sheng)紋,具有(you)許多異于典(dian)型龍(long)(long)山(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)特(te)點。上述(shu)特(te)征顯示這個(ge)(ge)地(di)區(qu)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)面貌即與(yu)魯北地(di)區(qu)龍(long)(long)山(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)城子(zi)崖類(lei)型有(you)一定差異,更與(yu)中原(yuan)龍(long)(long)山(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)不同,但與(yu)它們(men)存在(zai)密切的(de)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi),似乎代表海岱(dai)地(di)區(qu)龍(long)(long)山(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)一個(ge)(ge)地(di)方(fang)類(lei)型,也為(wei)(wei)(wei)中原(yuan)與(yu)海岱(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)的(de)關系(xi)(xi)研究提(ti)供(gong)了新資料(liao)。
在遺址北(bei)部(bu)清(qing)理(li)出龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化灰(hui)(hui)(hui)坑(keng)1 個、春秋墓1座。灰(hui)(hui)(hui)坑(keng)剖面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有清(qing)晰的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),堆積(ji)厚(hou)約(yue)(yue)1.5米(mi)。上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)耕土(tu),呈灰(hui)(hui)(hui)褐(he)(he)色,陶片、獸(shou)骨遍布;耕土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)下為(wei)漢代、商(shang)周文(wen)(wen)(wen)化層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);最(zui)下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化堆積(ji)。出土(tu)了(le)大量龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晚(wan)期的(de)遺物(wu)(wu),多為(wei)生(sheng)活器(qi)皿(min)。灰(hui)(hui)(hui)坑(keng)底(di)(di)部(bu)發現一(yi)(yi)完(wan)整(zheng)牛(niu)骨架,似為(wei)祭品,對古代家畜(chu)飼養(yang)的(de)起源、馴用、牲畜(chu)祭祀的(de)研究(jiu)具有重(zhong)要意義。另外(wai),還采集有小骨針、蚌刀、石(shi)刀、石(shi)斧等。春秋墓為(wei)長(chang)方形土(tu)坑(keng)豎(shu)穴墓。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西長(chang)3.5米(mi),南北(bei)寬2米(mi),殘深(shen)3.2米(mi)。墓底(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)有一(yi)(yi)長(chang)方形腰坑(keng),坑(keng)內(nei)殉(xun)狗一(yi)(yi)只,頭向東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。墓內(nei)出土(tu)遺物(wu)(wu)有陶、銅、骨器(qi)等共(gong)1770余件(jian)。1994年,聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)區文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理(li)委員會(hui)組織文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)勘探(tan)隊在配合(he)陽谷縣景陽岡公園開發建(jian)設(she)工程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又發現一(yi)(yi)座龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)近似橢圓形,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)——西南走向,西端(duan)較(jiao)窄,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)弧形凸出,南北(bei)長(chang)約(yue)(yue)1150米(mi),北(bei)端(duan)寬約(yue)(yue)230米(mi),南端(duan)寬約(yue)(yue)330米(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)最(zui)寬處約(yue)(yue)400米(mi),總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)為(wei)35萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)。同(tong)年底(di)(di)至1996年冬,山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古研究(jiu)所與(yu)聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)區文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理(li)委員會(hui)又聯(lian)合(he)對其進(jin)行了(le)鉆(zhan)探(tan)、試掘工作,發掘面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1200平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)。經挖掘發現,地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)已(yi)無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)遺跡,地(di)下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保存完(wan)好。古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)角現有南北(bei)向水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)穿過(guo),從(cong)水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)西壁可(ke)見耕土(tu)下即(ji)有岳石(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殘基(ji)(ji),其外(wai)側被東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)周城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殘基(ji)(ji)打(da)破。岳石(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化殘垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)下壓(ya)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),其頂(ding)部(bu)到水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)底(di)(di)高1米(mi)余,渠(qu)(qu)底(di)(di)見水(shui)(shui),無(wu)法(fa)鉆(zhan)探(tan),估計渠(qu)(qu)底(di)(di)以(yi)下還會(hui)有數類(lei)以(yi)上的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)壁上暴(bao)露的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)側夯(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)向里傾斜,夯(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)較(jiao)厚(hou),不規整(zheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)壁陡直,打(da)破內(nei)側城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)坑(keng),屬于龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晚(wan)期。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心處并(bing)存大小兩(liang)個利(li)用原自然岡丘經部(bu)分加工而成(cheng)的(de)臺址。大、小臺址分上、下兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主要用純凈黃褐(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沙土(tu)夯(hang)筑,上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)花(hua)土(tu)筑成(cheng)。夯(hang)具分圓棍夯(hang)與(yu)石(shi)器(qi)夯(hang),夯(hang)窩明顯(xian),夯(hang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)清(qing)楚(chu)。
陽谷景陽崗(gang)遺址是(shi)魯西北(bei)地區發現(xian)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)文化城(cheng)址,其規模大、規格高,在全國亦屬罕(han)見(jian)。城(cheng)內大、小(xiao)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)布局(ju)清楚(chu),又在小(xiao)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)上(shang)發現(xian)了(le)祭(ji)祀遺存,這(zhe)些(xie)都為(wei)研究龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)時期城(cheng)市結構、功能及社(she)會形態提出了(le)新(xin)的(de)課題和(he)線索。有部分專(zhuan)家(jia)認為(wei)這(zhe)里可(ke)能是(shi)“舜(shun)都”。龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)文化,因發現(xian)于山(shan)東(dong)章丘龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)鎮而得名(ming),距今約(yue)4350-3950年(nian)。龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)文化陶器(qi)(qi)以灰陶為(wei)主,并燒出了(le)薄如蛋殼的(de)黑(hei)陶器(qi)(qi)物,表面光亮如漆,是(shi)中國制陶史(shi)上(shang)的(de)頂(ding)峰時期。龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)文化遺址中開始出現(xian)長方形土臺(tai)(tai)式建筑,而且城(cheng)址開始大量(liang)出現(xian),近(jin)年(nian)在聊(liao)城(cheng)境內古(gu)濟(ji)水(shui)沿岸先后發現(xian)了(le)以景陽崗(gang)、教場(chang)鋪(pu)為(wei)核心的(de)八座龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)文化城(cheng)址,形成了(le)一個城(cheng)址群,這(zhe)表明當時已經開始跨入文明社(she)會門檻。
該城址1977年(nian)12月(yue)被山東(dong)省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府(fu)列為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei),1995年(nian)被評為(wei)(wei)“中國十(shi)大考古新(xin)發現”提名獎,2001年(nian)6月(yue)被國務院(yuan)批準為(wei)(wei)全國重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)。