景點簡介
鎮(zhen)海堤,原名(ming)東甲(jia)堤,位于(yu)荔城區黃石鎮(zhen)境內,蜿蜒橫臥在興化灣(wan)南(nan)(nan)岸(an)木蘭溪入(ru)海口,全長6公(gong)里。唐元(yuan)和(he)年間,為抵御海潮、圍墾(ken)埭田(tian),福(fu)建(jian)觀察(cha)使裴次(ci)元(yuan)筑造東甲(jia)堤,歷代屢(lv)有(you)重修,是福(fu)建(jian)省最早(zao)最大的海堤,保(bao)護著興化南(nan)(nan)洋(yang)平原二十多萬畝良田(tian)。相傳,鎮(zhen)海堤存,則南(nan)(nan)洋(yang)平原一年三熟,水(shui)鄉漁米;鎮(zhen)海堤亡,則南(nan)(nan)洋(yang)平原蒲草叢生,澤國(guo)水(shui)鄉。其意義和(he)地位可見(jian)一斑。
鎮海堤以抵御海潮(chao),圍(wei)墾埭田,造福于民存世,黃石、新度、笏石、北高四鎮69個村(cun)共25萬人口,22.5萬畝田地受(shou)益。可謂歷經滄桑,迄(qi)今已有1200多年。它是莆田最(zui)古(gu)老(lao)效益最(zui)大的(de)古(gu)建筑,被(bei)列為省級(ji)文物保(bao)護單(dan)位。2006年5月,又被(bei)國務院批準為全(quan)國重點文物保(bao)護單(dan)位。
鎮海堤唐元(yuan)(yuan)和元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(806年(nian)(nian))由閩浙觀察使裴次(ci)元(yuan)(yuan)創(chuang)建,是在莆田南(nan)洋圍墾(ken)東北角最易被(bei)風潮沖毀的土堤外加建石(shi)堤3.4公(gong)里,自黃(huang)石(shi)鎮東甲村(cun)至遮浪(lang)村(cun)。堤岸有報功祠(ci),系清道光年(nian)(nian)間邑人(ren)陳池養(yang)修堤后重建,祠(ci)內紀(ji)念歷(li)代修堤人(ren)九(jiu)位,并用(yong)石(shi)刻記載(zai)了歷(li)代修堤的有功人(ren)士四百(bai)多人(ren)事跡。
文獻記載
鎮海堤(di)唐元(yuan)和元(yuan)年(806年)由閩浙觀察使(shi)裴次元(yuan)創建(jian),是在(zai)莆田南洋圍墾(ken)東(dong)北角最易被(bei)風潮沖(chong)毀的(de)土堤(di)外加建(jian)石(shi)堤(di)3.4公里,自(zi)黃石(shi)鎮東(dong)甲村至遮浪(lang)村。
據(ju)史載,石堤于明(ming)洪武(wu)二十年(1387年)被拆,堤石用于筑平海(hai)、莆禧兩城。此后僅(jin)剩土堤,屢(lv)修屢(lv)毀。清(qing)道光七年(1827年),莆人(ren)陳池養重修石堤,改稱“鎮海(hai)堤”。海(hai)堤總長87.5公(gong)里,至(zhi)今仍是福建省最(zui)早最(zui)大的(de)海(hai)堤,保(bao)護著興(xing)化南洋平原20多萬畝良田。
南洋(yang)海堤工程最艱巨(ju)的(de)首推東(dong)甲堤,古稱鎮海堤。其創建時(shi)間,舊府(fu)、縣志(zhi)無詳載(zai),僅謂唐元和年(819年)觀察使裴(pei)次元填海為堤開南洋(yang),在(zai)紅泉筑堰儲水(shui),圍(wei)墾為田;又,堤古為石砌(qi)。清(qing)陳池養(yang)《莆陽水(shui)利志(zhi)》根據上述(shu)所載(zai),論斷東(dong)甲堤是(shi)裴(pei)次元創筑。
東甲(jia)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)自(zi)遮浪(lang)起至(zhi)東甲(jia)止,全部工(gong)程包(bao)括石(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、附石(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)與附石(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)同一堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)兩面,外(wai)(wai)為(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)砌,內(nei)為(wei)土(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),土(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高于(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)砌,水垾(han)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)土(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),距石(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后半里。舊志載,東甲(jia)、遮浪(lang)一帶,有洋(yang)田(tian)(tian)與埭(dai)(dai)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)分,洋(yang)田(tian)(tian)依山附海(hai),由高趨岸,前人(ren)于(yu)(yu)洋(yang)田(tian)(tian)盡處筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),是(shi)為(wei)內(nei)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);又把內(nei)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)外(wai)(wai)的(de)海(hai)灘,墾為(wei)埭(dai)(dai)田(tian)(tian),漸(jian)圍漸(jian)墾,就(jiu)有一埭(dai)(dai)、二埭(dai)(dai)、三埭(dai)(dai)之(zhi)稱。于(yu)(yu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)田(tian)(tian)外(wai)(wai)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)障潮,是(shi)為(wei)外(wai)(wai)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。埭(dai)(dai)田(tian)(tian)低于(yu)(yu)洋(yang)田(tian)(tian),高差(cha)自(zi)0.58米至(zhi)1.17米不(bu)等(deng);埭(dai)(dai)田(tian)(tian)以內(nei)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)障霖,以外(wai)(wai)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)捍海(hai)水。上述所(suo)指的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)與附石(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)是(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)外(wai)(wai)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),水垾(han)內(nei)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)是(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)內(nei)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。
明洪武二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1387年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),江夏侯周(zhou)德(de)興,將堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拆砌(qi)(qi)平海(hai)(hai)、莆禧兩(liang)城(cheng),僅留下附石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。洪武三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1397年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)潰(kui)(kui)決。永樂三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1405年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又崩(beng)壞(huai)(huai),白浪長驅至(zhi)(zhi)壺公山麓,南(nan)(nan)洋一片(pian)沃土(tu)被(bei)淹(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),造成嚴(yan)重災荒。此(ci)后至(zhi)(zhi)嘉靖十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1534年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),100多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)被(bei)海(hai)(hai)浪吞噬過8次。其中,弘治(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1493年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),狂風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)大(da)作,土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)幾乎(hu)全(quan)部潰(kui)(kui)決,海(hai)(hai)船可駛入平田,民眾(zhong)為(wei)(wei)了修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),曾幾次選人進京(jing)請筑(zhu),但(dan)未(wei)能實現,只好仍修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),可是屢(lv)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)屢(lv)壞(huai)(huai),民眾(zhong)困苦不堪。明嘉靖十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1534年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),興化(hua)府(fu)知府(fu)黃(huang)(huang)一道(dao)(dao),開始(shi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)筑(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),先作天(tian)地玄黃(huang)(huang)四(si)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磯,用巨(ju)木雜竹為(wei)(wei)楗(jian),內(nei)塞亂石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)殺(sha)潮勢,繼以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砌(qi)(qi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),長1400丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)9尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),但(dan)未(wei)完(wan)工(gong)黃(huang)(huang)即被(bei)解官離去。同知潭鎧(kai)終(zhong)其成。后人在東(dong)甲建(jian)宗(zong)祠(ci),在遮(zhe)浪建(jian)功德(de)祠(ci),祀此(ci)兩(liang)人,以(yi)為(wei)(wei)紀念。嘉靖二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1550年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),土(tu)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)俱壞(huai)(huai),砌(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)。嘉靖四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1562年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),倭寇陷城(cheng),群(qun)眾(zhong)逃亡,海(hai)(hai)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)失(shi)管(guan),復(fu)遇(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雨(yu)為(wei)(wei)災,堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)被(bei)沖決,水(shui)(shui)溢(yi)(yi)滿城(cheng)。邑人都御史林潤,疏請帑(tang)(tang)金修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。巡按(an)檄(xi)縣支(zhi)帑(tang)(tang)金1000余兩(liang)進行修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu),用石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縱橫交(jiao)砌(qi)(qi)。萬(wan)歷六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1578年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壞(huai)(huai),花銀1000兩(liang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)筑(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)420丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),并添(tian)設(she)(she)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磯,萬(wan)歷十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1588年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壞(huai)(huai),縣動(dong)支(zhi)帑(tang)(tang)金575兩(liang),修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)筑(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)482丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)2尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。萬(wan)歷十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1591年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),支(zhi)帑(tang)(tang)金160余兩(liang),維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。萬(wan)歷三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1602年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壞(huai)(huai),撥賑銀480兩(liang)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),添(tian)設(she)(she)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磯。清順治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1659年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))九(jiu)(jiu)月三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri),颶風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)猛(meng)襲(xi),土(tu)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)盡壞(huai)(huai),海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)淹(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)入,晚稻絕收。順治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1661年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),截界禍起,東(dong)甲堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)被(bei)劃到界外(wai),蕩為(wei)(wei)海(hai)(hai)港。康熙二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1682年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),復(fu)界后,修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)為(wei)(wei)土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),康熙三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1691年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))七(qi)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)夜臺風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)夜又臺風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)溢(yi)(yi)入堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),淹(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)沒田廬,海(hai)(hai)船漂(piao)入沙(sha)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)五(wu)龍(long)地方。雍正十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1735年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),群(qun)眾(zhong)集資修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)筑(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)100丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)9尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),底5尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),面3尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi);附石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1100丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)1丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),底2丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),面1丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang);并修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)東(dong)西(xi)二(er)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)涵(han)(han)和砌(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)埭田100余畝,全(quan)部工(gong)程歷經(jing)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)才(cai)完(wan)成。乾隆(long)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1752年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))八月至(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1774年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))八月,堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又潰(kui)(kui)決3次,海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)淹(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)至(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、水(shui)(shui)南(nan)(nan)諸(zhu)村(cun),沿海(hai)(hai)禾(he)薯盡沒。乾隆(long)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1780年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壞(huai)(huai),舊西(xi)涵(han)(han)潰(kui)(kui)為(wei)(wei)深淵,溝海(hai)(hai)出入,名(ming)為(wei)(wei)青龍(long)港。群(qun)眾(zhong)移高(gao)(gao)筑(zhu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),改(gai)設(she)(she)西(xi)涵(han)(han)。乾隆(long)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1790年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壞(huai)(huai),舊東(dong)涵(han)(han)潰(kui)(kui),群(qun)眾(zhong)移高(gao)(gao)筑(zhu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),改(gai)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)涵(han)(han)。乾隆(long)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1794年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))秋,海(hai)(hai)溢(yi)(yi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)潰(kui)(kui),禾(he)薯絕收,是歲大(da)饑。道(dao)(dao)光六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1826~1827年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),邑人陳池養依靠(kao)群(qun)眾(zhong)力量,大(da)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)東(dong)甲堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),填(tian)截青龍(long)港50丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),筑(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1114丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)1.1丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),面寬(kuan)4尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),底寬(kuan)8尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),縱橫迭(die)砌(qi)(qi),滿灌(guan)灰漿;又設(she)(she)東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)涵(han)(han),以(yi)泄埭田水(shui)(shui);筑(zhu)附石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1114丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang);砌(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)埠(bu)內(nei)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一道(dao)(dao);拋亂石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)11.5萬(wan)塊(kuai)坦坡(po)護堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。經(jing)過這次整修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),東(dong)甲堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)比(bi)以(yi)前牢固。道(dao)(dao)光十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1832年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))八月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)及(ji)咸(xian)豐(feng)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1851年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))八月三(san)(san)(san)(san)日(ri),颶風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),海(hai)(hai)潮大(da)作,但(dan)不為(wei)(wei)患。
清道光年間(1821~1850年)所整修的東甲堤工程依次為:
石堤(di)(di)。堤(di)(di)作斜折形,自東北迤向西(xi)(xi)南(nan),每筑(zhu)一段(duan),收進1.17米(mi)(mi)或(huo)1.47米(mi)(mi),為(wei)尖破水,以(yi)(yi)抵(di)狂(kuang)潮,堤(di)(di)長3275.16米(mi)(mi),高2.65米(mi)(mi),面寬1.17米(mi)(mi),底寬1.47米(mi)(mi),西(xi)(xi)頭長882米(mi)(mi),底寬1.76米(mi)(mi),高2.05~2.94米(mi)(mi)。堤(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎以(yi)(yi)竹為(wei)網絡,用8.82米(mi)(mi)長椿(chun)三(san)根,深(shen)釘(ding)(ding),橫貫杉木,竹麓為(wei)纜,聯絡筑(zhu)掛,絡內(nei)(nei)入土,椿(chun)令堅實,逐層加(jia)(jia)(jia)高。堤(di)(di)址以(yi)(yi)竹為(wei)長絡,用松木長椿(chun)4枚深(shen)釘(ding)(ding),貫以(yi)(yi)松木,內(nei)(nei)裝(zhuang)碎(sui)石為(wei)基(ji),然后布石。其舊址堅實的(de)(de)(de),以(yi)(yi)舊址為(wei)骨,內(nei)(nei)外(wai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)釘(ding)(ding)兩(liang)行(xing)排(pai)椿(chun)。舊址全(quan)無的(de)(de)(de),除打內(nei)(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)行(xing)排(pai)椿(chun)外(wai),中間再(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)梅花椿(chun)。堤(di)(di)用0.35米(mi)(mi)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)條石,丁(ding)順(露(lu)頭與露(lu)側之稱)互砌(qi),迭石11層,每2層一收,外(wai)收0.18米(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)收0.02米(mi)(mi),層層滿灌(guan)灰漿,堤(di)(di)外(wai)用松木深(shen)釘(ding)(ding)。竹絡裝(zhuang)上(shang),堵(du)截各港(gang)險處,絡實石塊,又(you)在(zai)堤(di)(di)腳拋重200斤的(de)(de)(de)大亂石11.5萬塊,維護堤(di)(di)腳,并設東西(xi)(xi)二石洞以(yi)(yi)泄(xie)水,又(you)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)涵以(yi)(yi)東,廟后以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi),加(jia)(jia)(jia)填石磯。
附石(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)堤(di)(di)。石(shi)堤(di)(di)內加(jia)筑(zhu)附石(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)堤(di)(di),長(chang)3275.16米(mi)(mi)(mi),自(zi)遮浪三(san)門港以東(dong),東(dong)甲慈圣門以西為主要(yao)地(di)段,計(ji)長(chang)2352米(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)1.47米(mi)(mi)(mi),底寬(kuan)(kuan)8.82米(mi)(mi)(mi),下加(jia)盤5.88米(mi)(mi)(mi),其頭尾兩(liang)段仍(reng)面(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)1.47米(mi)(mi)(mi),底寬(kuan)(kuan)4.41米(mi)(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)堤(di)(di)高出石(shi)堤(di)(di)頂(ding)面(mian)1~1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)不等,取土(tu)(tu)(tu)坑(keng)距堤(di)(di)內44.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)以外。
水埠內堤(di)(di)。東甲、遮浪(lang)(lang)地勢(shi)低下,為(wei)防(fang)木(mu)蘭、寶(bao)騰、梁溪及程洋諸山(shan)洪水暴(bao)漲決堤(di)(di)入(ru)海,于石(shi)堤(di)(di)后半(ban)里,自遮浪(lang)(lang)至東甲,鄒(zou)曾徐(xu)交界上(shang)去,筑水埠內堤(di)(di)以抵溝水,籍(ji)護海堤(di)(di),堤(di)(di)面寬2.94米,底寬5.88米,靠溝護以瓦礫。
到(dao)民(min)國(guo)時,東甲堤因百年(nian)失(shi)修,石(shi)堤堤身(shen)發(fa)生沉陷(xian)傾(qing)斜,石(shi)層灰漿脫落(luo)殆盡,石(shi)層有被(bei)壓而凹入數寸的,有被(bei)折斷的,附(fu)石(shi)土(tu)堤則是(shi)嚴重漏(lou)洞(dong),日益擴大,危及堤身(shen)安(an)全。但(dan)國(guo)民(min)黨政府(fu)始終(zhong)不曾加以(yi)搶修。
1952年冬至1953年春(chun),人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府發動(dong)群眾,對東(dong)甲(jia)堤(di)進行全面的搶救整修。1961年9月22號臺風加大潮(chao),又使東(dong)甲(jia)堤(di)遭(zao)到摧毀(hui)性的破壞。災后,省政(zheng)(zheng)府撥出專款(kuan)對海堤(di)進行標準(zhun)化基(ji)建,東(dong)甲(jia)堤(di)作為重點施工地段,首先實現海堤(di)標準(zhun)化。建成以來,經受(shou)住幾次大的臺風、暴雨、海潮(chao)的考驗,有(you)效(xiao)保護(hu)人民(min)生(sheng)命財產的安全。