官話為(wei)分布范圍最廣(guang)的(de)漢語一級方言。北(bei)京(jing)官話,是官話的(de)一個(ge)分支,為(wei)普通話的(de)標準音。主要分布于北(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)、天津市(shi)(shi)、河北(bei)省承德市(shi)(shi)、廊坊市(shi)(shi)、涿州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)、內蒙古赤峰市(shi)(shi)、通遼市(shi)(shi)的(de)扎(zha)魯(lu)特旗(qi)、奈曼旗(qi)、霍林(lin)郭勒市(shi)(shi)、開(kai)魯(lu)縣、遼寧省朝(chao)陽市(shi)(shi)、葫蘆島市(shi)(shi)建(jian)昌縣、阜(fu)新市(shi)(shi)部分地(di)區(qu)。
北京(jing)官話(hua)可分為京(jing)師片(pian)、懷(huai)承片(pian)、朝峰(feng)片(pian)、石克片(pian)(石克片(pian)現被劃入(ru)(ru)蘭銀官話(hua)北疆片(pian))四片(pian),使用(yong)人口約1500萬。三聲(sheng)四調(diao),古入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)派入(ru)(ru)平、上、去且相對均勻。
北(bei)京(jing)官(guan)話(hua)是官(guan)話(hua)的(de)一個分(fen)支,以北(bei)京(jing)音系(xi)為(wei)代表,三聲四調,古入聲派入平、上、去且相對均勻(yun)。北(bei)京(jing)官(guan)話(hua)主要分(fen)布于北(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、天津市(shi)(shi)(shi)、河北(bei)省承(cheng)德市(shi)(shi)(shi)、廊(lang)坊市(shi)(shi)(shi)、涿(zhuo)州市(shi)(shi)(shi),內蒙古赤峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)(shi),遼寧(ning)省朝陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)、葫蘆島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建昌縣、阜新市(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)分(fen)地區,可分(fen)為(wei)京(jing)師片(pian)(pian)、懷承(cheng)片(pian)(pian)、朝峰(feng)片(pian)(pian)、石克(ke)片(pian)(pian)四片(pian)(pian)。使(shi)用人(ren)口約1500萬。
新(xin)疆(jiang)地(di)區的(de)北京官話區集(ji)中在北疆(jiang),是(shi)20世紀50年代以(yi)后生產建設(she)兵團(tuan)匯(hui)集(ji)形成。又將(jiang)北京官話石克片劃入蘭銀官話北疆(jiang)片。
方言片 分布地區
京師片 北京市東城區(qu)(qu)、西城區(qu)(qu)、海淀區(qu)(qu)、朝陽區(qu)(qu)、豐臺(tai)區(qu)(qu)、通(tong)州區(qu)(qu)、大(da)興區(qu)(qu)、昌平區(qu)(qu)、石景山(shan)區(qu)(qu)、門頭溝區(qu)(qu)
懷承(cheng)片 北京市(shi)(shi)房山區(qu)(qu)、順義區(qu)(qu)、懷柔區(qu)(qu)、密云區(qu)(qu)、天(tian)津市(shi)(shi)武清區(qu)(qu)、承(cheng)德市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)、鷹手營子礦區(qu)(qu)、承(cheng)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、灤平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、興(xing)隆縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、隆化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、豐寧(ning)滿族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寬城滿族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、涿州市(shi)(shi)、廊坊市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)、三河(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)、香河(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、固安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大廠回族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)
朝(chao)峰(feng)片 朝(chao)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)、凌源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、朝(chao)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、建平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、喀喇沁左(zuo)翼(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)古族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、赤峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)、寧城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)部、林西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、喀喇沁旗、敖(ao)漢旗、翁牛特(te)旗、克(ke)什克(ke)騰旗、巴林左(zuo)旗、巴林右旗、阿(a)魯科爾沁旗、通(tong)遼市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)扎魯特(te)旗、霍林郭勒市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、開魯縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、阜新(xin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阜新(xin)蒙(meng)(meng)古族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)部部分鄉(xiang)鎮、奈曼旗、葫蘆島市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、承德(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圍場滿族蒙(meng)(meng)古族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平泉市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)
石(shi)克片 庫爾勒市(shi)(shi)、石(shi)河子市(shi)(shi)、克拉瑪(ma)依(yi)市(shi)(shi)、溫(wen)泉縣、托里(li)縣、和布克賽爾蒙古族自治縣、富蘊縣、吉木(mu)乃縣、福海縣、布爾津縣、哈巴河縣
南北(bei)(bei)(bei)朝(chao)時期開始(shi),中原(yuan)雅音南移,作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中國官(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)的官(guan)(guan)(guan)雅言(yan)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)南北(bei)(bei)(bei)兩支。六(liu)朝(chao)即(ji)南京官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),明朝(chao)永樂年間(jian)建都北(bei)(bei)(bei)京時從(cong)南京北(bei)(bei)(bei)調40萬人(ren)口(kou),超過北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)原(yuan)有人(ren)口(kou)。清(qing)入主(zhu)中國,舊北(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)話(hua)(hua)(hua)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)演變形成了北(bei)(bei)(bei)京話(hua)(hua)(hua)。清(qing)雍正六(liu)年設“正音書館”,以北(bei)(bei)(bei)京官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),在全國推行,以后北(bei)(bei)(bei)京官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)取代南京官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)中國官(guan)(guan)(guan)場主(zhu)流的標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),有人(ren)也稱之為(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua),和被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)南方(fang)(fang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)的南京官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)相對應。清(qing)末進行國語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)編審(shen),民國初年擬定國音,實(shi)行以北(bei)(bei)(bei)京官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎(chu)的新國音,自此(ci)以北(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)藍本的國語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)現代漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。
北京官(guan)話在清代逐漸取(qu)代南(nan)京官(guan)話成為中國的(de)標準(zhun)語音(yin),北洋政府時期(qi)成為“國語”的(de)基準(zhun),新中國成立后又作為現代漢(han)語(普通話)的(de)標準(zhun)音(yin)。