水庫概況
黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省(sheng)北部北引榘(ju)道的(de)一座大(da)型反調節平原水庫,位于黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省(sheng)安(an)達市與大(da)慶市龍鳳(feng)區(qu)結合部,距(ju)安(an)達市區(qu)東北約2 5千米,距(ju)大(da)慶市龍鳳(feng)區(qu)東約12.5千米,總庫容1.16億立方(fang)米。工(gong)程于1972年(nian)9月動(dong)工(gong),1974年(nian)9月竣工(gong)蓄水。
水庫區(qu)域屬中溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸性季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候區(qu),冬季嚴寒而漫長,春季干旱多(duo)大風(feng)(feng),夏季高溫(wen)而多(duo)雨,秋季涼爽短促。多(duo)年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)3.3攝(she)氏度(du),最低氣(qi)溫(wen)出(chu)現(xian)在1月(yue)為(wei)一(yi)3r7.2攝(she)氏度(du),最高氣(qi)溫(wen)出(chu)現(xian)在7月(yue),為(wei)38.3攝(she)氏度(du)。多(duo)年(nian)平均年(nian)降水量為(wei)426毫(hao)米,多(duo)年(nian)平均年(nian)水面蒸發(fa)量為(wei)972毫(hao)米,最大凍土(tu)深(shen)2.14米。
水(shui)(shui)庫壩址(zhi)以上引水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)道長(chang)242.745千(qian)米(其中總干(gan)渠(qu)長(chang)203.315千(qian)米,薩爾圖分干(gan)渠(qu)長(chang)39.43千(qian)米)。多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)年(nian)引水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)4.65億立(li)方米,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)輸沙(sha)量12.33萬(wan)噸(dun),水(shui)(shui)質達(da)到Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)標(biao)準。
工程(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)要由土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、溢洪(hong)道、進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)和(he)提(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)站組成。土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)包括主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、西(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)和(he)東副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)系均質土壩(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)長16.67千米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂(ding)寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi),主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程(cheng)(cheng)為150.95米(mi)(mi)(mi),副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程(cheng)(cheng)為149米(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址位(wei)于(yu)(yu)安達市種(zhong)牛場,副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)位(wei)置涉及大慶(qing)市乙烯(xi)農場,大慶(qing)市農工商(shang)集(ji)團(tuan)的一分(fen)(fen)場、五分(fen)(fen)場。溢洪(hong)道位(wei)于(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)側9+945米(mi)(mi)(mi)處,其結構(gou)型(xing)式(shi)為鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土閘(zha)、橋(qiao)整(zheng)體式(shi),2孔,每孔凈(jing)寬(kuan)為4米(mi)(mi)(mi),裝有2扇平(ping)板鋼(gang)閘(zha)門(men)(men),尺(chi)寸4.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大泄流量70立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)每秒。進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)北端(duan),薩爾(er)圖分(fen)(fen)干渠末端(duan)39+450千米(mi)(mi)(mi)處,其結構(gou)型(xing)式(shi)為鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土閘(zha)橋(qiao)整(zheng)體式(shi),2孔,每孔凈(jing)寬(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。閘(zha)門(men)(men)型(xing)式(shi)為平(ping)板鋼(gang)閘(zha)門(men)(men),閘(zha)門(men)(men)尺(chi)寸4.34米(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),設計(ji)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流量為20.2立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)每秒。提(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)站位(wei)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)中端(duan)3+250米(mi)(mi)(mi)處伸入庫區內(nei)300米(mi)(mi)(mi),取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)最低(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)144.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)底高程(cheng)(cheng)142.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),呈“八”字形,泵(beng)房內(nei)安裝軸流泵(beng)5臺,設計(ji)日最大提(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能力32萬噸。
紅旗(qi)泡水庫(ku)是大慶石(shi)油(you)化(hua)工生(sheng)(sheng)產及(ji)居民生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)水的(de)(de)重(zhong)要水源地,其中大慶石(shi)化(hua)總廠總用(yong)水量(liang)的(de)(de)98%來(lai)自該(gai)水庫(ku)。紅旗(qi)泡水庫(ku)一直是險庫(ku),庫(ku)岸(an)經常出現滑(hua)坡等險情(qing),其中最大一次險情(qing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在1991年,泄(xie)水閘東側的(de)(de)滑(hua)坡險些造成(cheng)水庫(ku)潰壩(ba)。1996年7月(yue)18日水庫(ku)進行(xing)除險加固工程建(jian)設,于1998年6月(yue)30日竣工,保證了石(shi)油(you)化(hua)工生(sheng)(sheng)產用(yong)水及(ji)居民生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)水安全。
紅(hong)旗(qi)泡水(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)面遼闊,南北長7.5千米(mi),東(dong)西(xi)寬6.5千米(mi),水(shui)(shui)面面積為35平(ping)方千米(mi)。庫區內(nei)有(you)一(yi)個天然(ran)小島——仙人(ren)(ren)島,面積約1平(ping)方千米(mi)。小島似(si)一(yi)枚蚌含珍珠,枯水(shui)(shui)期(qi)游人(ren)(ren)可(ke)涉水(shui)(shui)進入(ru),豐水(shui)(shui)期(qi)乘(cheng)舟進入(ru)仙境般的小島。島上森林密布、蘆葦豐厚、溪流(liu)清澈,頑石露頭。據不完全統(tong)計,水(shui)(shui)庫中有(you)魚(yu)類40多(duo)種(zhong),有(you)人(ren)(ren)們熟(shu)悉的鯉(li)魚(yu)、鯽魚(yu)等,又有(you)被(bei)稱為“三花(hua)”的名貴(gui)魚(yu)種(zhong)鰲(ao)花(hua)、鳊花(hua)、吉(ji)花(hua)。
水庫樞紐
紅旗泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫樞(shu)紐工程包括(kuo):大(da)壩(ba)(ba)、進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)、泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)。此外有大(da)慶市所屬(shu)大(da)型抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵站(zhan)1處。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)均質土(tu)壩(ba)(ba),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)16.67公里,分主壩(ba)(ba)和東、西副(fu)(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)。主壩(ba)(ba)長(chang)(chang)3478米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面坡為(wei)渣油混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)8厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)墊層,5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)厚瀝(li)青(qing)砂(sha)漿坐漿。上層用30×25×25立方厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)料石護(hu)(hu)砌,縫隙灌注瀝(li)青(qing)砂(sha)漿。西副(fu)(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)9445米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)3.71米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面有5080米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)直接(jie)采用20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)厚的(de)渣油混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)護(hu)(hu)坡,其余為(wei)土(tu)緩(huan)坡,草皮護(hu)(hu)砌。東副(fu)(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)3750米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面少部分采用厚度(du)15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)渣油混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)護(hu)(hu)砌,大(da)部分是土(tu)緩(huan)坡,用草皮子護(hu)(hu)砌。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位于西副(fu)(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)北端,為(wei)4×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),2孔(kong)鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)整體(ti)式(shi)閘(zha),最(zui)大(da)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)20立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)。泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位于庫南主壩(ba)(ba)中(zhong)間偏西部位,為(wei)2孔(kong)4×4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)鋼(gang)筋混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)整體(ti)式(shi)閘(zha),最(zui)大(da)泄流(liu)量(liang)70立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)。泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通過(guo)尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠注入北二十里泡,進(jin)入閉流(liu)區(qu)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統,而后(hou)泄入松花江。
水庫建設
紅(hong)旗泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程由(you)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利勘測設計(ji)院設計(ji),1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)開始施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)。土(tu)壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)程由(you)松花江地區11個縣的民兵團施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘和泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘由(you)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利第五工(gong)(gong)(gong)程處施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。國家共(gong)投資1078萬(wan)(wan)元。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)建成(cheng)后,1976—1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)對西副壩渣油混凝土(tu)護(hu)坡出現(xian)的裂縫(feng)和部分洞穴進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)維修。增(zeng)加10厘米(mi)的混凝土(tu)板護(hu)砌,用渣油瀝青砂漿灌注,護(hu)砌到(dao)設計(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位。紅(hong)旗泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)由(you)省北部引嫩工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管理處紅(hong)旗泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)管理所管理,設計(ji)日供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)30萬(wan)(wan)噸,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)凈供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1.09億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)為年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)調(diao)節(jie),工(gong)(gong)(gong)業要(yao)求常年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不間(jian)斷供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),在(zai)運用上春、夏(xia)、秋三季隨來隨用,冰凍期(qi)采取10月(yue)(yue)末以前(qian)蓄滿水(shui)(shui)(shui),去掉冰層和死庫(ku)(ku)容(rong),滿足6個月(yue)(yue)結冰期(qi)的化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產用水(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)建成(cheng)后未達到(dao)設計(ji)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以前(qian)日供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)8萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)15—20萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)征收水(shui)(shui)(shui)費182萬(wan)(wan)元。