水庫概況
黑(hei)龍(long)江省北部(bu)北引榘道的(de)一座大型反調節(jie)平原水庫,位于(yu)(yu)黑(hei)龍(long)江省安達市與大慶(qing)市龍(long)鳳(feng)區結合部(bu),距(ju)安達市區東北約(yue)2 5千米(mi),距(ju)大慶(qing)市龍(long)鳳(feng)區東約(yue)12.5千米(mi),總庫容(rong)1.16億立方米(mi)。工程于(yu)(yu)1972年(nian)9月動工,1974年(nian)9月竣工蓄(xu)水。
水(shui)庫區域屬中溫帶大(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣候區,冬(dong)季(ji)嚴寒而漫長,春季(ji)干旱多(duo)大(da)風,夏季(ji)高(gao)溫而多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)涼爽短促。多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫3.3攝氏(shi)度(du),最(zui)低氣溫出現在1月為一3r7.2攝氏(shi)度(du),最(zui)高(gao)氣溫出現在7月,為38.3攝氏(shi)度(du)。多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量為426毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)水(shui)面蒸發量為972毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),最(zui)大(da)凍土深2.14米(mi)。
水(shui)(shui)庫壩址(zhi)以上(shang)引水(shui)(shui)渠道長242.745千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(其(qi)中(zhong)總干渠長203.315千(qian)(qian)米(mi),薩爾圖分干渠長39.43千(qian)(qian)米(mi))。多年平均年引水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為4.65億立方(fang)米(mi),年平均輸(shu)沙(sha)量(liang)(liang)12.33萬噸,水(shui)(shui)質達到Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)標準(zhun)。
工(gong)程主(zhu)要由土壩(ba)(ba)、溢(yi)洪道、進(jin)水(shui)閘和提水(shui)泵站組成。土壩(ba)(ba)包括主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)、西副壩(ba)(ba)和東副壩(ba)(ba),全系均質土壩(ba)(ba),全長(chang)16.67千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂(ding)寬3米(mi)(mi)(mi),主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程為(wei)150.95米(mi)(mi)(mi),副壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程為(wei)149米(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)址位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)安達市(shi)(shi)種牛場(chang),副壩(ba)(ba)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置涉及(ji)大慶市(shi)(shi)乙(yi)烯農(nong)場(chang),大慶市(shi)(shi)農(nong)工(gong)商集團的一分場(chang)、五(wu)分場(chang)。溢(yi)洪道位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)西側(ce)9+945米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu),其結構型式(shi)為(wei)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)(ning)土閘、橋(qiao)整體(ti)式(shi),2孔,每(mei)(mei)孔凈寬為(wei)4米(mi)(mi)(mi),裝有(you)2扇平板鋼(gang)閘門(men),尺寸4.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大泄流量70立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒。進(jin)水(shui)閘位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)西副壩(ba)(ba)北(bei)端,薩(sa)爾圖分干(gan)渠(qu)末端39+450千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu),其結構型式(shi)為(wei)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)(ning)土閘橋(qiao)整體(ti)式(shi),2孔,每(mei)(mei)孔凈寬4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。閘門(men)型式(shi)為(wei)平板鋼(gang)閘門(men),閘門(men)尺寸4.34米(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),設(she)計(ji)引(yin)水(shui)流量為(wei)20.2立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)(mei)秒。提水(shui)泵站位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)西副壩(ba)(ba)中端3+250米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)伸(shen)入庫區內(nei)300米(mi)(mi)(mi),取水(shui)最(zui)低水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)144.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),引(yin)水(shui)口底高(gao)程142.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),呈“八”字形,泵房內(nei)安裝軸(zhou)流泵5臺(tai),設(she)計(ji)日最(zui)大提水(shui)能力32萬噸。
紅(hong)旗泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)是(shi)大慶(qing)石(shi)油(you)化(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)及(ji)居民生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)重要水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源地(di),其(qi)中大慶(qing)石(shi)化(hua)總(zong)廠總(zong)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量的(de)98%來自(zi)該水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。紅(hong)旗泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)庫(ku),庫(ku)岸經(jing)常出(chu)現滑坡(po)等險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情,其(qi)中最大一(yi)次險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)1991年,泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘東側的(de)滑坡(po)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)些造(zao)成水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)潰(kui)壩。1996年7月18日水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)進行除險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)加固工(gong)程建設,于1998年6月30日竣工(gong),保(bao)證(zheng)了石(shi)油(you)化(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)居民生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)。
紅旗泡(pao)水(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)面遼闊,南北長7.5千米(mi),東西寬6.5千米(mi),水(shui)面面積為35平方千米(mi)。庫(ku)區(qu)內有(you)(you)(you)一個天然小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)(dao)——仙人島(dao)(dao),面積約1平方千米(mi)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)(dao)似一枚蚌含珍珠(zhu),枯水(shui)期游人可涉水(shui)進入(ru),豐水(shui)期乘舟進入(ru)仙境般(ban)的小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)(dao)。島(dao)(dao)上森林(lin)密布、蘆葦豐厚(hou)、溪流清澈,頑石露(lu)頭。據(ju)不完全統計,水(shui)庫(ku)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)魚(yu)類(lei)40多種,有(you)(you)(you)人們熟悉的鯉(li)魚(yu)、鯽(ji)魚(yu)等,又有(you)(you)(you)被稱(cheng)為“三花(hua)(hua)”的名貴魚(yu)種鰲花(hua)(hua)、鳊花(hua)(hua)、吉花(hua)(hua)。
水庫樞紐
紅旗(qi)泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫樞紐工程包(bao)括:大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)、進水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)、泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)。此(ci)外有(you)大(da)(da)(da)慶市所屬大(da)(da)(da)型抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)站1處。大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)為均質土(tu)壩(ba)(ba),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)16.67公里,分主壩(ba)(ba)和東、西副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)。主壩(ba)(ba)長(chang)3478米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)面坡為渣油混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)8厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)墊層,5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)厚(hou)瀝青(qing)砂(sha)漿坐漿。上層用30×25×25立(li)方厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)的料石護砌(qi),縫隙灌注(zhu)瀝青(qing)砂(sha)漿。西副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)全(quan)(quan)長(chang)9445米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)3.71米(mi)(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)面有(you)5080米(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)直接采用20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)厚(hou)的渣油混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)護坡,其余(yu)為土(tu)緩(huan)(huan)坡,草(cao)皮(pi)護砌(qi)。東副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)全(quan)(quan)長(chang)3750米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)面少部分采用厚(hou)度15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)渣油混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)護砌(qi),大(da)(da)(da)部分是土(tu)緩(huan)(huan)坡,用草(cao)皮(pi)子護砌(qi)。進水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)位于(yu)西副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)北(bei)端(duan),為4×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),2孔(kong)鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)整(zheng)體(ti)式閘(zha)(zha),最大(da)(da)(da)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)20立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒。泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)位于(yu)庫南主壩(ba)(ba)中間偏西部位,為2孔(kong)4×4米(mi)(mi)(mi)鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)整(zheng)體(ti)式閘(zha)(zha),最大(da)(da)(da)泄流量(liang)(liang)70立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒。泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)通過(guo)尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)渠注(zhu)入北(bei)二十里泡(pao),進入閉流區排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統,而后(hou)泄入松花(hua)江。
水庫建設
紅(hong)(hong)旗(qi)泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)程由(you)(you)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利勘測(ce)設(she)計院設(she)計,1972年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)開(kai)始施(shi)工(gong)(gong),1974年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)竣工(gong)(gong)。土(tu)壩工(gong)(gong)程由(you)(you)松花江地區11個(ge)縣的(de)民(min)兵團施(shi)工(gong)(gong),進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)和泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)由(you)(you)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利第五工(gong)(gong)程處施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。國家共投(tou)資1078萬(wan)元。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou),1976—1977年(nian)(nian)對西副(fu)壩渣油混(hun)凝土(tu)護(hu)坡出現的(de)裂縫和部(bu)分洞(dong)穴進行了維修。增加10厘米(mi)的(de)混(hun)凝土(tu)板護(hu)砌,用(yong)(yong)渣油瀝青砂漿灌注,護(hu)砌到設(she)計水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位。紅(hong)(hong)旗(qi)泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫由(you)(you)省(sheng)北部(bu)引嫩工(gong)(gong)程管理處紅(hong)(hong)旗(qi)泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫管理所(suo)管理,設(she)計日(ri)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)30萬(wan)噸,年(nian)(nian)凈供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1.09億立方(fang)米(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫為年(nian)(nian)調節,工(gong)(gong)業要求常(chang)年(nian)(nian)不間斷供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),在運用(yong)(yong)上春(chun)、夏、秋三季隨來隨用(yong)(yong),冰凍(dong)期采取10月(yue)末以前蓄滿(man)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),去(qu)掉冰層和死(si)庫容(rong),滿(man)足(zu)6個(ge)月(yue)結冰期的(de)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)生產用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou)未達到設(she)計供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)。1980年(nian)(nian)以前日(ri)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)8萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),1985年(nian)(nian)日(ri)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)達到15—20萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)。每年(nian)(nian)征收水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費182萬(wan)元。