典出《史記·封禪書》:“黃帝(di)(di)采首山(shan)銅,鑄鼎(ding)於荊山(shan)下。鼎(ding)既成,有龍(long)(long)垂胡髯(ran)下迎黃帝(di)(di)。黃帝(di)(di)上(shang)騎,群臣(chen)後宮從上(shang)者七十馀人(ren),龍(long)(long)乃(nai)上(shang)去。馀小臣(chen)不(bu)得上(shang),乃(nai)悉持龍(long)(long)髯(ran),龍(long)(long)髯(ran)拔,墮,墮黃帝(di)(di)之弓(gong)(gong)。百姓仰望黃帝(di)(di)既上(shang)天,乃(nai)抱其弓(gong)(gong)與胡髯(ran)號,故後世因名其處曰(yue)鼎(ding)湖(hu),其弓(gong)(gong)曰(yue)烏號。
《史記·孝武(wu)本紀》:“黃帝(di)采首山銅,鑄鼎于荊山下。鼎既成,有龍垂(chui)胡髯下迎黃帝(di)。黃帝(di)上(shang)騎,群臣后宮從上(shang)龍七(qi)十(shi)余人,龍乃上(shang)去。余小臣不(bu)得上(shang),乃悉持龍髯,龍髯拔(ba),墮黃帝(di)之弓。”
傳(chuan)說(shuo)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)采(cai)首(shou)山(shan)之銅(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)襄城縣首(shou)山(shan)),鑄(zhu)鼎(ding)與(yu)荊山(shan)下(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)靈寶荊山(shan)),鼎(ding)城黃(huang)帝(di)(di)乘龍(long)(long)(long)升仙,人們把黃(huang)帝(di)(di)的靴子埋在(zai)鑄(zhu)鼎(ding)塬上,形成了黃(huang)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(河南(nan)荊山(shan)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)),并建廟祭祀。陵(ling)的西(xi)端(duan)有一(yi)高(gao)6米,周長42.5主的土堆,傳(chuan)說(shuo)就(jiu)是(shi)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)冢。陵(ling)西(xi)南(nan)有一(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)溝,傳(chuan)說(shuo)是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)墜(zhui)落之地,此間生長一(yi)種龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)草,說(shuo)是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)所變,周圍(wei)皆無。
《尚書》記載:荊、河唯豫州。荊就是靈寶荊山。
東漢王充《論衡·道虛篇》:“黃帝(di)(di)采首山銅,鑄鼎(ding)荊(jing)山下。鼎(ding)既成(cheng),有龍(long)須垂胡髯下迎黃帝(di)(di)。黃帝(di)(di)上騎(qi)龍(long),群臣后宮從七十余人……”
明萬(wan)歷(li)四十六(liu)年《襄城縣(xian)志(zhi)》:“首(shou)山(shan)(shan),在(zai)縣(xian)治(zhi)南五(wu)(wu)里,橫(heng)亙九里。《史記》申(shen)公曰:‘天下名山(shan)(shan)八,三在(zai)夷狄,五(wu)(wu)在(zai)中(zhong)國。’又云黃(huang)帝采首(shou)山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)鑄鼎于湖。莊周曰黃(huang)帝登具茨(ci)訪大隗,命駕于襄之野,七圣(sheng)皆迷,見童子而問道(dao)焉,即此山(shan)(shan)也。”
清(qing),蔣廷錫編《(欽(qin)定)古今(jin)圖(tu)書集成·方(fang)輿匯(hui)編·職方(fang)典》:“首山,在(zai)襄城南(nan)五里,橫亙九里。
清張潮《虞初新志》卷十(shi)七:“史稱天下名山八,三在(zai)夷狄,五在(zai)中國,皆(jie)黃帝所嘗(chang)游,首山其一(yi)也。”
《括地志》說:“湖(hu)(hu)水原出虢州縣城(今河南靈寶市)湖(hu)(hu)南三十五里夸父(fu)山,北流入河即(ji)鼎湖(hu)(hu)也”;
隋開皇三年(583年)廢弘農郡及閿鄉(xiang)郡,置(zhi)虢州(zhou),治(zhi)弘農縣(xian),領弘農、閿鄉(xiang)、湖城(cheng)縣(xian)3縣(xian)。
《閿(wen)鄉縣志》則說漢武帝曾在此地建有“鼎(ding)(ding)湖宮”。唐代李白詩曰:“鼎(ding)(ding)湖流水清且閑”,明(ming)代彭綱則寫(xie)下了“鼎(ding)(ding)湖煙樹接(jie)孤城”。
《史記·封禪書》記載,古時荊山一帶災情嚴重,黃帝聞訊從昆侖山來到荊山察看。為了煉出仙丹給老百姓治病,他采首山(shan)之(zhi)銅,汲(ji)湖水(shui),鑄鼎于荊山(shan)之(zhi)下。相傳黃帝鑄好鼎,黃龍(long)來迎黃帝升(sheng)天時,百姓(xing)苦苦哀求,死活不讓他走,有的(de)牽衣扯袍,有的(de)抱手拽腳,拖下了(le)他的(de)金靴,扒下了(le)龍(long)皮、拔(ba)掉了(le)龍(long)須(xu)(xu)。人們把(ba)黃帝的(de)靴子埋在他鑄鼎之(zhi)地,這里(li)就(jiu)成了(le)世人拜祖的(de)地方。黃帝陵高300米(mi),長(chang)5000米(mi)。嶺(ling)的(de)西(xi)端有一(yi)高6米(mi)、周(zhou)長(chang)42.5米(mi)的(de)土堆(dui),傳為黃帝陵冢。陵西(xi)南有一(yi)龍(long)須(xu)(xu)溝,傳說(shuo)是(shi)龍(long)須(xu)(xu)墜落之(zhi)地,此間生(sheng)長(chang)一(yi)種龍(long)須(xu)(xu)草,說(shuo)是(shi)龍(long)須(xu)(xu)所變,周(zhou)圍皆(jie)無(wu)。
由于(yu)這(zhe)里位于(yu)長安古(gu)道,函谷關(guan)和潼關(guan)兩雄關(guan)之間,屢遭戰火毀滅(mie),但歷代都(dou)曾進(jin)行過修復和重建。現已修復的(de)主要遺跡有(you):獻殿、始祖殿、長廊、墓冢、祀勸(quan)柱、闕樓等,并鑄造(zao)了象(xiang)征天神、地(di)神、祖宗的(de)天、地(di)、人三尊大銅鼎。
現河南靈寶(bao)荊山下有黃(huang)帝(di)陵、鼎(ding)湖(hu)灣、靈寶(bao)黃(huang)帝(di)鑄鼎(ding)塬等景區。