一、天平秤的原理是什么
天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)是(shi)用(yong)來稱(cheng)量(liang)(liang)物(wu)體(ti)重量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)衡(heng)(heng)器(qi)(qi)(qi),它(ta)有兩(liang)種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li):1、機械(xie)式(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li):機械(xie)式(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)就是(shi)常說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)托(tuo)(tuo)盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)主(zhu)要利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),確切來說(shuo),托(tuo)(tuo)盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)等臂杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)梁就是(shi)一個杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan),在(zai)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)各有一小盤(pan),左端(duan)(duan)放(fang)物(wu)體(ti)、右端(duan)(duan)放(fang)砝(fa)碼,杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)中央裝有指針,兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)時(shi),兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(重量(liang)(liang))相等,根據砝(fa)碼的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)即(ji)可得知(zhi)物(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)。2、電(dian)子天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li):電(dian)子天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)托(tuo)(tuo)盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)不(bu)同,它(ta)利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)磁力補償(chang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),實質也是(shi)一種(zhong)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng),只(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一端(duan)(duan)采用(yong)了(le)電(dian)磁力,當稱(cheng)盤(pan)上(shang)加載稱(cheng)物(wu)m2時(shi),杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)偏(pian)離零(ling)位(wei),此(ci)時(shi)零(ling)位(wei)指示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有偏(pian)差(cha)信號產生,經過放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)調節(jie)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等一系(xi)列轉換后,使(shi)線圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)I增(zeng)大(da),電(dian)磁力矩右也將(jiang)一起(qi)增(zeng)大(da),杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)回(hui)到原(yuan)(yuan)來平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)位(wei)置,即(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)位(wei),最后把(ba)電(dian)信號處理(li)(li)(li)(li)成為數(shu)字信號,數(shu)顯(xian)在(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)屏(ping)上(shang)。
二、天平秤的作用
天(tian)(tian)平秤是用(yong)來測量(liang)物體(ti)重量(liang)的衡器,它的主要作用(yong)就是稱(cheng)(cheng)一些小計量(liang)物品,一般用(yong)于科研機構、學校(xiao)實驗(yan)室、藥店等場(chang)所,根(gen)據不同的精(jing)度可分為普通天(tian)(tian)平、精(jing)密天(tian)(tian)平和分析天(tian)(tian)平;除此之外(wai),一些計量(liang)部門(men)、商檢(jian)部門(men)也會(hui)用(yong)天(tian)(tian)平秤來檢(jian)查或校(xiao)準砝碼,這種(zhong)稱(cheng)(cheng)為檢(jian)定(ding)天(tian)(tian)平。
三、天平秤怎么使用
1、機械天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)方法:(1)將托盤(pan)(pan)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)放置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方,游碼(ma)指(zhi)向紅色0刻(ke)(ke)度線。(2)調節平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡螺(luo)母(天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)兩端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)母)調節零(ling)點(dian)直至指(zhi)針對準(zhun)中央(yang)刻(ke)(ke)度線直至天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)橫(heng)梁水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)位置(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡。(小(xiao)口訣(jue):放平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)移零(ling)調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡,螺(luo)母調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)反(fan)指(zhi)針/走高端(duan)(duan)。)(3)左(zuo)托盤(pan)(pan)放稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)物,右(you)托盤(pan)(pan)放砝碼(ma)。根(gen)據(ju)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)性狀,放在(zai)玻(bo)璃器(qi)皿或潔凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)上,事先應在(zai)同一天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得玻(bo)璃器(qi)皿或紙(zhi)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang),然后(hou)(hou)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)待(dai)(dai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物質。(4)砝碼(ma)用(yong)鑷子(zi)夾取,千萬不(bu)(bu)能把砝碼(ma)弄濕、弄臟(這樣(yang)會讓砝碼(ma)生銹,砝碼(ma)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)變大,測量(liang)(liang)(liang)結果(guo)不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)確),游碼(ma)也要用(yong)鑷子(zi)撥(bo)動。(5)添加砝碼(ma)從估(gu)計稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大值(zhi)(zhi)加起,逐步減小(xiao)。托盤(pan)(pan)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)只能稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準(zhun)到0.1克。加減砝碼(ma)并移動標(biao)尺上的(de)(de)(de)(de)游碼(ma),直至指(zhi)針再次對準(zhun)中央(yang)刻(ke)(ke)度線。(小(xiao)口訣(jue):先估(gu)后(hou)(hou)測,左(zuo)物右(you)碼(ma),由大到小(xiao),后(hou)(hou)移游碼(ma))(6)過冷(leng)過熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物體不(bu)(bu)可放在(zai)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang),應先在(zai)干燥器(qi)內(nei)放置(zhi)(zhi)至室溫(wen)后(hou)(hou)再稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。(7)物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)=砝碼(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總質量(liang)(liang)(liang)+游碼(ma)在(zai)標(biao)尺上所對的(de)(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)(ke)度值(zhi)(zhi)。(M左(zuo)=M右(you)+M游)2、電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)方法:(1)調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping):多(duo)種天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)開(kai)機前,應觀察天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)部水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)儀(yi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泡是否位于圓環的(de)(de)(de)(de)中央(yang),否則(ze)通(tong)過天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地腳螺(luo)栓調節,左(zuo)旋升高,右(you)旋下(xia)降。(2)預熱(re)(re):天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)初(chu)次接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)源或長時間斷(duan)電(dian)后(hou)(hou)開(kai)機時,至少需要30分鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)預熱(re)(re)時間。因此(ci),實驗室電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)通(tong)常情況下(xia),不(bu)(bu)要經常切斷(duan)電(dian)源。(3)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang):按(an)下(xia)ON/OFF鍵,接(jie)通(tong)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi),等待(dai)(dai)儀(yi)器(qi)自檢。當顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)零(ling)時,自檢過程結束,天(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)可進行稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang);放置(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)紙(zhi),按(an)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)屏兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)Tare鍵去皮,待(dai)(dai)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)零(ling)時,在(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)紙(zhi)加所要稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試劑稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)完畢(bi),按(an)ON/OFF鍵,關斷(duan)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)。
四、電子天平多少錢一臺
電子天平是新型的天平秤,是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一,具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點,它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品,價格也有所不同,一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面,價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候,要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品,并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面,選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。