一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是指出線瓷套(tao)管、電容(rong)元件組和外殼等(deng)組成的一類電容(rong)器。高(gao)壓電容(rong)器具有(you)耗損低、質量輕的特點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器主要(yao)由(you)出線(xian)瓷(ci)套管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)組(zu)和外殼等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。外殼由(you)薄鋼板密封(feng)焊接(jie)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)，出線(xian)瓷(ci)套管焊接(jie)在(zai)外殼上。接(jie)線(xian)端子(zi)從出線(xian)瓷(ci)套管中(zhong)引出。外殼內的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)組(zu)（又稱為(wei)芯子(zi)）由(you)若干個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)連(lian)接(jie)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器紙、膜紙復合(he)或純(chun)薄膜作為(wei)工作介質，用鋁鉑作極板卷(juan)制而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。為(wei)適應各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器耐壓的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)串聯(lian)或并聯(lian)。單臺三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)組(zu)在(zai)外殼內部(bu)接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)三角形(xing)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)10kV及以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器內，每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)上都(dou)串有一個熔絲，作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)短路保護。有些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器設有放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷開后(hou)(hou)，能夠通過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般情況下10min后(hou)(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器殘(can)壓可(ke)(ke)降(jiang)至75V以(yi)下。

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三、高壓電容器作用

高壓(ya)電(dian)容器具有耗損低、質量輕的特點，主要(yao)作用有：

1、在輸電(dian)線路中，利用高壓電(dian)容器可以組成串補站，提(ti)高輸電(dian)線路的輸送能力。

2、在大型變電站中，利用(yong)高壓(ya)電容器(qi)(qi)可以組成靜止(zhi)型相控電抗器(qi)(qi)式動態無功(gong)補償裝置（SVC），提高電能質量。

3、在配電線路末端，利(li)用高(gao)壓電容器可以提(ti)高(gao)線路末端的功率因數，保障線路末端的電壓質量。

4、在變電站的(de)中、低壓各(ge)段母(mu)線，均裝有高壓電容器(qi)，以(yi)補償負(fu)荷消耗的(de)無(wu)功，提高母(mu)線側(ce)的(de)功率因數。

5、在(zai)有非線性負荷(he)的負荷(he)終端(duan)站，也會裝設高壓電容器，作為(wei)濾(lv)波用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電(dian)容器應有標出基(ji)本參數(shu)等內(nei)容的制造(zao)廠銘牌。

2、電容器金屬外殼(ke)應有明(ming)顯接地(di)標(biao)志(zhi)，其外殼(ke)應與(yu)金屬架構共同(tong)接地(di)。

3、電容器周圍(wei)環(huan)境(jing)無易(yi)燃、易(yi)爆危險，無劇(ju)烈沖擊(ji)和震動。

4、電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)應有溫(wen)(wen)度測(ce)量設備，可在適當部位(wei)安裝(zhuang)溫(wen)(wen)度計或貼示溫(wen)(wen)蠟片(pian)。一般情況下，環境溫(wen)(wen)度在+40℃之問時，充礦物油(you)的電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)允許溫(wen)(wen)升為50℃，充硅油(you)的電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)允許溫(wen)(wen)升為55℃。

5、電容器應有合格的放電設備。

6、允許(xu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓：電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組在日常運(yun)行(xing)時，可在1.1倍額定電(dian)(dian)壓下長期(qi)運(yun)行(xing)。對于(yu)瞬(shun)時過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓，時間(jian)較短時根據過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓時間(jian)限定過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓倍數。

7、允許過電(dian)流(liu)：電(dian)容(rong)器組允許在1.3倍額定電(dian)流(liu)下長期運(yun)行。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支(zhi)(zhi)路的(de)斷(duan)路器，再拉開(kai)其他各(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)路的(de)斷(duan)路器；恢復全變電所(suo)送(song)電時的(de)操作順序與停(ting)電操作相(xiang)反(fan)，應(ying)先(xian)閉合(he)各(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)路的(de)斷(duan)路器，最后(hou)閉合(he)高壓(ya)電容器組(zu)的(de)斷(duan)路器。事(shi)故情況下，全站(zhan)無電后(hou)，必須將高壓(ya)電容器組(zu)的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)路斷(duan)路器先(xian)斷(duan)開(kai)。

2、并聯電(dian)容器(qi)組斷路器(qi)跳閘(zha)后(hou)不(bu)準(zhun)強送(song)(song)電(dian)。熔體(ti)熔斷后(hou)，在未查明原(yuan)因之前，不(bu)可更換(huan)熔體(ti)后(hou)恢復送(song)(song)電(dian)。

3、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)禁止在自身(shen)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷時合閘(zha)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)本身(shen)有(you)存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，將它接入交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩端所承受(shou)(shou)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就會超過其(qi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)剛斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又合閘(zha)，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)本身(shen)有(you)存儲的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)所承受(shou)(shou)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可能達到兩倍以上的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓峰(feng)值，這不僅有(you)害于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，更可能燒(shao)斷(duan)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)或使斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)跳閘(zha)，以防(fang)產生(sheng)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組再(zai)次合閘(zha)，應在其(qi)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后進行。