一、家電連鎖經營是怎么回事
家電專營連鎖企業,一般是指專門經營家電商品零售的企業。一般由四家以上的零售商店組織在一起,同受一個中心組織管理,統籌進貨,商店內外裝潢、商品種類以及服務方式具有同一風格的經營組織。采取節約銷售費用,薄利多銷的政策,以便爭取顧客占領市場,這是連鎖商店的重要特點。如今家電連鎖十大品牌有蘇寧易購、國美、京東五星電器、順電、大中電器、重百電器、工貿家電、通程、永樂電器、匯銀電器等。
二、家電連鎖經營的特點
1、統一經營管理
同其他的(de)連鎖(suo)經營一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,家電專營的(de)連鎖(suo)企(qi)業建立有一(yi)(yi)(yi)整套以管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制度(du)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方法為中(zhong)心內(nei)容的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong),形成標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式。對各門(men)(men)店(dian)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)內(nei)容包括人員(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、購銷管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、賬務管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、庫存(cun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、安(an)全管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等,依靠嚴格的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)實施統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)規模化(hua)經營達到目標(biao)(biao)(biao)效益。各門(men)(men)店(dian)按統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)開展各項工作,強化(hua)考核與培訓,提高門(men)(men)店(dian)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)及服務水平,各運作步驟協調配合,改(gai)變單店(dian)操(cao)作模式。
2、統一采購
連鎖(suo)(suo)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)實質(zhi)是通過(guo)規(gui)(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)來(lai)達到追(zhui)求規(gui)(gui)模效益的(de)目的(de),作為商(shang)(shang)(shang)品經(jing)營(ying),其消費(fei)的(de)特殊性使貨(huo)(huo)源的(de)質(zhi)量顯得(de)更為重(zhong)要。連鎖(suo)(suo)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)核心(xin)內(nei)容之一就(jiu)是對經(jing)營(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品實行統(tong)一采購(gou)(gou),企(qi)業的(de)各分(fen)店(dian)根(gen)(gen)據經(jing)營(ying)情況向總部的(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品配送(song)中心(xin)提供本(ben)(ben)店(dian)的(de)進(jin)貨(huo)(huo)計劃,由總部所轄的(de)配送(song)中心(xin)在貨(huo)(huo)源組織上(shang)實行集(ji)中統(tong)一采購(gou)(gou),再根(gen)(gen)據計劃和臨時需求統(tong)一配送(song)到各門(men)店(dian),從批量上(shang)降低(di)了(le)分(fen)散采購(gou)(gou)的(de)進(jin)貨(huo)(huo)成本(ben)(ben),從科學合(he)理安(an)排的(de)進(jin)貨(huo)(huo)批次上(shang)降低(di)運營(ying)成本(ben)(ben),集(ji)中采購(gou)(gou)時優選商(shang)(shang)(shang)品和供應商(shang)(shang)(shang),以確保商(shang)(shang)(shang)品質(zhi)量。
3、統一標識
標識(shi)是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的識(shi)別(bie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),包括企(qi)(qi)業(ye)字(zi)號(hao)、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)標志、色彩運用(yong)、表現(xian)形式等(deng)內容(rong),其作用(yong)能使(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)之間互相區(qu)別(bie),便(bian)于(yu)(yu)消費者(zhe)(zhe)識(shi)別(bie)。由于(yu)(yu)連(lian)鎖企(qi)(qi)業(ye)店(dian)(dian)多面廣,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)分(fen)店(dian)(dian)的標志、徽號(hao)等(deng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)識(shi)別(bie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),是連(lian)鎖店(dian)(dian)最直接(jie)、最醒(xing)目的表現(xian)形式,也(ye)是連(lian)鎖店(dian)(dian)最基本的統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)內容(rong),它有(you)助于(yu)(yu)消費者(zhe)(zhe)辨認和識(shi)別(bie)連(lian)鎖店(dian)(dian)所(suo)屬的分(fen)散在不(bu)同(tong)地區(qu)的各個門店(dian)(dian)。各分(fen)店(dian)(dian)使(shi)用(yong)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)的標語、口號(hao)、商品(pin)陳列方式與風格(ge)、員工服飾等(deng)。統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)的標示系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能樹立企(qi)(qi)業(ye)品(pin)牌形象,使(shi)消費者(zhe)(zhe)產生信任感,增強對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)品(pin)牌的忠(zhong)誠(cheng)度。
4、統一商品服務
統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)商品(pin)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)是連(lian)鎖經營中(zhong)十分(fen)(fen)重要的(de)(de)內(nei)容,只在進貨(huo)、配(pei)送、管理(li)方(fang)面統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi),而(er)缺少服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi),那么連(lian)鎖店的(de)(de)品(pin)牌作用就(jiu)無(wu)法體現,也(ye)就(jiu)失去了連(lian)鎖的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。也(ye)就(jiu)是說服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)除一(yi)(yi)般意義(yi)上的(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)外,還(huan)包括(kuo)品(pin)牌意義(yi)。在經營過程中(zhong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)實行(xing)比較嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)規范和流程,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)規范包括(kuo)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)環境要求、服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)人員基本素質、服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)工作標準(zhun)、購(gou)物服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)規定、服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)措施和宣傳等(deng)內(nei)容。員工經統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)培訓(xun)后上崗,執(zhi)行(xing)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)崗位規范,按統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)標準(zhun)進行(xing)獎懲(cheng),各(ge)分(fen)(fen)店按照(zhao)總部(bu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)規范要求,達到統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)水(shui)平。無(wu)論消費(fei)者到哪一(yi)(yi)家(jia)分(fen)(fen)店,都能享(xiang)受(shou)到同樣產品(pin)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。
5、統一配送
配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)是家(jia)電(dian)連鎖經(jing)(jing)營的集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)體現(xian),是統一采購貨(huo)源的物流表現(xian)形式,體現(xian)商(shang)品(pin)經(jing)(jing)營集(ji)約(yue)化(hua)和企業管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)水平。總(zong)部(bu)的配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)中(zhong)(zhong)心對各(ge)分(fen)(fen)店(dian)銷售的商(shang)品(pin)實行(xing)統一配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song),并負(fu)責商(shang)品(pin)數量管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和商(shang)品(pin)質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),處理(li)(li)(li)(li)配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)與各(ge)門店(dian)的關系。配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)中(zhong)(zhong)心通(tong)過內部(bu)計算機網絡管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)系統對進(jin)貨(huo)、驗收、貯存、出庫(ku)復核(he)、運輸(shu)、送(song)貨(huo)等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)職能監(jian)控,科(ke)學控制庫(ku)存品(pin)種、數量,同時(shi)負(fu)責商(shang)品(pin)的退(tui)換貨(huo)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)。統一的商(shang)品(pin)配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)及(ji)時(shi)有效(xiao)地保(bao)證門店(dian)開展優(you)質(zhi)服務,根據各(ge)分(fen)(fen)店(dian)的位置、需要的商(shang)品(pin)情況合理(li)(li)(li)(li)制定(ding)配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)路線,節(jie)約(yue)人(ren)工、運輸(shu)成本以(yi)及(ji)降低庫(ku)存等(deng),并保(bao)證配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)服務水平以(yi)及(ji)分(fen)(fen)店(dian)的商(shang)品(pin)供(gong)應。
6、統一價格
家電連鎖(suo)(suo)店(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)進貨和配送為(wei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)創造了條件,各門店(dian)(dian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)相同(tong)商(shang)(shang)品實(shi)行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)售價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),包(bao)括各種優惠促銷活(huo)動(dong)都執行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)政(zheng)策。總部(bu)設立專門的(de)(de)物價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)人員,負(fu)責物價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)(guan)理工作,并把它(ta)作為(wei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)重要內(nei)容。物價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)人員對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)進價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)審(shen)核定價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)并根(gen)據市場情況(kuang)負(fu)責商(shang)(shang)品調價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),同(tong)時(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各門店(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)執行、物價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)標簽明示等情況(kuang)進行監督(du)檢查,貫徹有關(guan)物價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)政(zheng)策。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)品調價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)等價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)變動(dong)情況(kuang)實(shi)行統(tong)(tong)一(yi)部(bu)署,各門店(dian)(dian)根(gen)據要求按規定的(de)(de)時(shi)間統(tong)(tong)一(yi)變價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge),有利于(yu)(yu)連鎖(suo)(suo)管(guan)(guan)理,同(tong)時(shi)也便于(yu)(yu)發揮連鎖(suo)(suo)這種組織形(xing)態的(de)(de)競爭優勢(shi)。