一、混凝土的凝結時間
根據水(shui)泥的(de)具體性(xing)質及混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)所摻外(wai)加劑的(de)性(xing)能不(bu)(bu)同,混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)初凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)及終凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)會有差別。為(wei)便于施(shi)工,常態混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)初凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)得(de)小于3~4小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);終凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)得(de)大于12小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)控制在6~10小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。根據施(shi)工需要,選擇適合(he)的(de)外(wai)加劑,可以在一(yi)定的(de)范圍內改變混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)初、終凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。國家(jia)標準(zhun)規定水(shui)泥初凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)得(de)早(zao)于45分鐘,一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)1~3小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);終凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)得(de)遲于12小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)5~8小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
二、混凝土一方多少噸
普通混凝土因為強度和等級的不同,在重量上也有一定的差異,常規的混凝土一般有C10、C15、C20、C25、C30、C35、C40等級,最高的能達到C80。以C10為例,一立方C10混凝土通常需要用到水泥100公斤,砂石780公斤,碎石1025公斤,水160公斤,摻合料220公斤,總重量2285公斤。通常混凝土的等級越高,重量約大,選擇的混凝土品牌以強度等級高為宜。
三、混凝土配合比
混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)是指混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)各(ge)組成(cheng)材料之間的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)例關系,混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)設(she)計是混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)程中(zhong)很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)一項工(gong)作,它(ta)直接影響到混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)順利施(shi)(shi)工(gong)、混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)程的(de)(de)質量和混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)程的(de)(de)成(cheng)本。設(she)計混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)基本要(yao)(yao)(yao)求是滿足混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)設(she)計的(de)(de)強(qiang)度等級、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)和易性、混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)使用要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)耐久性,在滿足以上(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)降(jiang)低成(cheng)本。
四、混凝土強度低怎么辦
混(hun)凝土強度(du)低可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)提(ti)高(gao)水泥強度(du)等級來增(zeng)大(da)混(hun)凝土強度(du);施(shi)工(gong)時,一般通(tong)過(guo)降低水灰比(bi)來提(ti)高(gao)混(hun)凝土強度(du)。適(shi)當降低水灰比(bi),可(ke)有效控制漿集(ji)(ji)比(bi)和水泥漿層(ceng)厚度(du),使(shi)集(ji)(ji)料的骨架作用(yong)得到(dao)充(chong)分(fen)發揮(hui),最終能增(zeng)強混(hun)凝土強度(du)。此外,還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)優(you)化設計工(gong)藝流(liu)程、選擇(ze)級配優(you)良、砂率適(shi)中的高(gao)強度(du)碎(sui)石、采(cai)用(yong)濕熱處理(li)養護混(hun)凝土、適(shi)量添加(jia)外加(jia)劑和摻合料等方法來增(zeng)加(jia)強度(du)。