家裝隱蔽工程很重要 專家教你如何驗收

家庭裝修(xiu)中的(de)隱蔽工(gong)程是指隱蔽在裝飾(shi)表面內部的(de)管線工(gong)程和結構工(gong)程。管線工(gong)程包(bao)括電器回路(lu)、給(gei)排水、煤氣(qi)管道(dao)、空調(diao)系統等;結構工(gong)程指用于(yu)固定、支撐房(fang)屋荷載的(de)內部構造。雖(sui)然曾經流行一時的(de)野獸派(pai)(pai)和高科技派(pai)(pai)以暴露管道(dao)結構為(wei)美，但是這種手法不(bu)適(shi)于(yu)普通百姓人家的(de)裝修(xiu)。

值得注意的(de)是(shi)，目前(qian)隱蔽工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)問題普遍存在，而且由于維修不便，留(liu)下很多隱患。因此，有必要(yao)了解它的(de)結構和材料(liao)。家庭裝(zhuang)修的(de)隱蔽工(gong)程(cheng)主要(yao)包括六個方(fang)面：

(1)給排水工程。由于(yu)鍍鋅管(guan)易生(sheng)銹、積垢(gou)、不保溫，而且會(hui)發生(sheng)凍裂，將被逐步淘(tao)汰。目(mu)前使用最多的(de)是塑鋁復合管(guan)、塑鋼管(guan)、PPR管(guan)。這些管(guan)子有良好的(de)塑性、韌性，而且保溫不開裂、不積垢(gou)，采用專用接頭或(huo)熱塑接頭，質量保證(zheng)、能(neng)耗少。

(2)電器管線工程。一般電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分硬線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、軟線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、護套線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)，按銅芯粗細又(you)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)1平(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、1.5平(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、2.5平(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)……為(wei)(wei)(wei)安全起(qi)(qi)見，更為(wei)(wei)(wei)了便于維(wei)修，電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應套套管。此外(wai)常用的還有(you)音(yin)響線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、信號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)。插(cha)座分為(wei)(wei)(wei)10A，15A，品(pin)牌也有(you)多(duo)種，假冒的也多(duo)。劣質(zhi)的插(cha)座容易引起(qi)(qi)事(shi)故，建議到(dao)正規電器用品(pin)商(shang)店購(gou)買(mai)較為(wei)(wei)(wei)妥當。電器線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路工(gong)程，要(yao)求施(shi)工(gong)規范(fan)，以保(bao)證安全，消除隱(yin)患。

(3)地板基層。實木(mu)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)基層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)做法(fa)：一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)泥樓板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上鋪設(she)(she)木(mu)龍骨，最后(hou)釘地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban);另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)在(zai)龍骨上先(xian)鋪一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)細木(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，或者是毛地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，然后(hou)釘地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，采用這種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)，地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)受(shou)力均勻，結構(gou)牢固。復合(he)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)安裝方(fang)便，基層(ceng)(ceng)也(ye)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)作法(fa)：一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)先(xian)作找(zhao)平(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)，然后(hou)鋪設(she)(she)PVC墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)，之后(hou)鋪設(she)(she)復合(he)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban);另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)泥找(zhao)平(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)上，鋪設(she)(she)木(mu)龍骨和毛地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，兩(liang)(liang)鋪復合(he)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。

(4)護墻基層。護墻板有平板式(shi)和凹凸式(shi)。做法(fa)是在(zai)墻面上安裝30mm×40mm木(mu)龍骨，在(zai)此基礎上釘多層板或細木(mu)工板，最后釘飾面夾板。為防止發霉(mei)，在(zai)護墻板上部(bu)開一系列直徑(jing)為6mm的氣孔。

(5)門窗套基層。先排(pai)設龍骨，然后釘細木工板，表面(mian)用飾(shi)面(mian)夾板釘木線條(tiao)，避免(mian)日(ri)后膨(peng)脹。

(6)吊頂基層。吊頂材(cai)料(liao)有石膏板，灰(hui)板，夾板，鋁合金扣板，塑料(liao)扣板，磨(mo)砂玻璃(li)，彩繪玻璃(li)等，龍(long)骨(gu)分木龍(long)骨(gu)和輕鋼龍(long)骨(gu)。吊頂開裂的現象經常(chang)出現，如(ru)使用彈性膩子(zi)嵌(qian)縫(feng)，并貼尼龍(long)綁帶(dai)，可以改善這種(zhong)情況。

隱(yin)蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)程完工(gong)(gong)后，需驗收，確保不留隱(yin)患，合格后才(cai)能(neng)進行后續施工(gong)(gong)。否則今后發現問題，需要返工(gong)(gong)，既(ji)影響質量，又拖延工(gong)(gong)期。業主和承包方都將蒙受損失。