一、電梯的種類
按用(yong)(yong)途分類(lei):可分為(wei)乘(cheng)客電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、載貨(huo)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、醫用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、雜物電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、觀光電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、車輛電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、船舶電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、建筑施工電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)、以及一些(xie)特殊(shu)用(yong)(yong)途的電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)。
按(an)驅動方式分(fen)類:可(ke)分(fen)為交流電(dian)梯(ti)、直流電(dian)梯(ti)、液壓(ya)電(dian)梯(ti)、齒輪齒條電(dian)梯(ti)、螺(luo)桿式電(dian)梯(ti)。
按速(su)度分類(lei):可分為(wei)低速(su)梯(ti)、中速(su)梯(ti)、高速(su)梯(ti)和超(chao)高速(su)梯(ti)。
二、電梯的結構
現代電梯主要由曳(ye)(ye)引(yin)機(絞車)、導(dao)軌、對重(zhong)裝(zhuang)置、安(an)全裝(zhuang)置(如限(xian)速器、安(an)全鉗和緩沖器等(deng))、信號(hao)操縱(zong)系(xi)統、轎(jiao)廂(xiang)與廳(ting)門等(deng)組(zu)成。這些部分分別安(an)裝(zhuang)在建筑物(wu)的(de)井道(dao)和機房中(zhong)。通(tong)常采(cai)用(yong)鋼絲繩(sheng)摩(mo)擦(ca)傳動,鋼絲繩(sheng)繞過曳(ye)(ye)引(yin)輪,兩端分別連(lian)接(jie)轎(jiao)廂(xiang)和平衡(heng)重(zhong),電動機驅(qu)動曳(ye)(ye)引(yin)輪使轎(jiao)廂(xiang)升降。
三、電梯的工作原理
電(dian)梯的(de)(de)曳引繩兩端分別連著轎廂(xiang)和(he)對(dui)(dui)重,纏繞在曳引輪(lun)(lun)和(he)導向輪(lun)(lun)上(shang),曳引電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)通(tong)過(guo)減速(su)器(qi)變速(su)后帶動(dong)(dong)曳引輪(lun)(lun)轉動(dong)(dong),靠曳引繩與曳引輪(lun)(lun)摩擦產生的(de)(de)牽引力,實(shi)現轎廂(xiang)和(he)對(dui)(dui)重的(de)(de)升(sheng)降運動(dong)(dong),達到(dao)運輸(shu)目(mu)的(de)(de)。
四、電梯的使用年限是多久
國家目前尚沒有電梯使用年限的強制性規定,一般電梯的使用年限是在15年左右,也可能更短,主要在于管理人員的保養和維護。那么電梯品牌產品如何保養才能延(yan)長使用壽命?
五、電梯的維修和保養
電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)的日(ri)常檢(jian)查保養應(ying)建(jian)立日(ri)、周、月(yue)、季(ji)、年檢(jian)查保養制(zhi)度,并由電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)維修工(gong)執行。
電(dian)梯(ti)的日檢查保養:檢查電(dian)動機、風機、減速器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、制動器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、曳引(yin)輪(lun)、曳引(yin)繩(sheng)、限(xian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、導向輪(lun)、抗繩(sheng)輪(lun)、反(fan)繩(sheng)輪(lun)、漲繩(sheng)輪(lun)、變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)阻器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、機房溫度等是否異常。
電(dian)梯的(de)周檢查(cha)保養:檢查(cha)抱閘(zha)間隙、安全裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、調整電(dian)梯的(de)平層裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、轎內(nei)按(an)鈕動作(zuo)、轎內(nei)信號、轎門開關工作(zuo)情況、風扇(shan)及照明、曳引繩(sheng)。
電(dian)梯的月檢(jian)查保養:檢(jian)查電(dian)梯減速(su)(su)器(qi)、限速(su)(su)器(qi)、安全鉗、緩(huan)沖(chong)器(qi)、廳門鎖、自動(dong)門、導軌、曳引(yin)機、電(dian)動(dong)機油(you)位、接觸器(qi)、導向輪(lun)(lun)、反繩輪(lun)(lun)、選層器(qi)、井道設施、各潤滑系統、各安全開關(guan)等。
六、電梯的安全保護裝置有哪些
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系統一(yi)(yi)般由機械安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)兩大部分組成。機械安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)主(zhu)要有限速(su)器和(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)鉗、緩沖(chong)器、制動器、層門(men)(men)門(men)(men)鎖(suo)與(yu)轎門(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)聯(lian)鎖(suo)裝置(zhi)、門(men)(men)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)、轎頂(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)窗、轎頂(ding)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)欄(lan)桿、護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)腳板等(deng);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)有直接觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、間接觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)故障的(de)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)裝置(zhi)等(deng),其中一(yi)(yi)些(xie)機械安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)裝置(zhi)往往需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)方面的(de)配合(he)和(he)(he)聯(lian)鎖(suo)裝置(zhi)才能完(wan)成其動作和(he)(he)可靠的(de)效果(guo)。