一、隔離開關的作用是什么
隔離開關,俗稱“刀閘”,是開關電器中使用較多的一種開關器件,隔離開關的作用從名字中也可以看出,就是隔離,其主要作用有以下三個:1、隔離電源:在需要檢修的部分和其它帶電部分之間,用隔離開關構成足夠大的明顯可見的空氣絕緣間隔。必要時應在隔離開關上附設接地刀閘,供檢修時接地用。2、倒閘操作:用隔離開關將電氣設備或線路從一組母線切換到另一組母線上。停電時必須按照拉開斷路器、負荷側隔離開關、電源側隔離開關的順序依次操作,送電操作相反。在操作隔離開關前,必須先檢查斷路器在分閘的位置,在合斷路器送電前,必須檢查隔離開關在合閘位置,防止帶負荷拉、合隔離開關。3、分、合小電流:隔離開關沒有滅弧裝置,不能開關或閉合負荷電流和短路電流,但具有一定的分、合小電流的能力。隔離開關電工來說是很常用的一種開關。如果您需要購買隔離開關,可以先來了解一下隔離開關十大品牌。
二、隔離開關和斷路器區別
1、符(fu)(fu)(fu)號不(bu)同(tong):隔(ge)(ge)離開(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)符(fu)(fu)(fu)號是QS,而斷(duan)路器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)符(fu)(fu)(fu)號是QF。2、操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方式不(bu)同(tong):斷(duan)路器(qi)多(duo)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)遙(yao)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo),隔(ge)(ge)離開(kai)關(guan)(guan)多(duo)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)就地手動(dong)(dong)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。3、組成結構(gou)不(bu)同(tong):隔(ge)(ge)離開(kai)關(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要由(you)觸頭、基座、支柱絕緣子、連桿等組成。而斷(duan)路器(qi)一(yi)般由(you)觸頭系(xi)統、滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)系(xi)統、操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)機構(gou)、脫扣器(qi)、絕緣外殼等構(gou)成。4、功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)同(tong):斷(duan)路器(qi)具有很強的(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和各種(zhong)保護功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),可(ke)(ke)以在帶(dai)負載下關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)。隔(ge)(ge)離開(kai)關(guan)(guan)不(bu) 具有滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),只(zhi)可(ke)(ke)在小負載的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)。5、有無滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)裝置:斷(duan)路器(qi)有滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)裝置,故斷(duan)路器(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)帶(dai)負荷(he)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo),不(bu)但(dan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)負荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)故障(短路)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。而隔(ge)(ge)離開(kai)關(guan)(guan)沒(mei)有滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)裝置。6、作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)同(tong):斷(duan)路器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是切(qie)(qie)斷(duan)和接通(tong)負荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,以及切(qie)(qie)斷(duan)故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,防止事故擴大,保證安全(quan)運行。而隔(ge)(ge)離開(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)主(zhu)要是用(yong)(yong)(yong)來隔(ge)(ge)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),確保檢(jian)修工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan),并且能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)分斷(duan)線(xian)路中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。7、定(ding)義(yi)不(bu)同(tong):隔(ge)(ge)離開(kai)關(guan)(guan)是一(yi)種(zhong)主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于“隔(ge)(ge)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、倒閘操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)以連通(tong)和切(qie)(qie)斷(duan)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路”,無滅(mie)(mie)(mie)弧(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)器(qi)件。而斷(duan)路器(qi)是指能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)關(guan)(guan)合、承(cheng)載和開(kai)斷(duan)正(zheng)常或異(yi)常回路條件下的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)裝置。
三、隔離開關符號及圖形
隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)符號(hao)通常由(you)兩個部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成,一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)表(biao)示(shi)旋轉的(de)(de)(de)箭(jian)頭,另外(wai)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)示(shi)。其中,旋轉的(de)(de)(de)箭(jian)頭表(biao)示(shi)該(gai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)可以(yi)旋轉,而(er)(er)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)則反映了該(gai)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)結構類型(xing),有“T”形(xing)(xing)、“U”形(xing)(xing)、“A”形(xing)(xing),“L”形(xing)(xing),及(ji)其他(ta)多(duo)種形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),比如“A”形(xing)(xing)就是(shi)指帶有分(fen)支(zhi)線的(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan),這類結構的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)可以(yi)作(zuo)為多(duo)路隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan),用于控制自動(dong)化(hua)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)路設備。此(ci)外(wai),一(yi)個隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)標識(shi)符號(hao)下(xia)還可以(yi)包含多(duo)個字母,比如“A”形(xing)(xing)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)“A”前可以(yi)有“H”、“K”等字母,這些字母的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)是(shi)該(gai)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),例(li)如“H”表(biao)示(shi)由(you)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)及(ji)把手(shou)組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan),而(er)(er)“K”則表(biao)示(shi)由(you)多(duo)組(zu)件組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)符號(hao)不但有助于識(shi)別(bie)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)類型(xing),更重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)可以(yi)指導(dao)正確的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用方式。當然,識(shi)別(bie)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)符號(hao)不僅(jin)僅(jin)靠符號(hao)本身,還應注意(yi)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)位置以(yi)及(ji)安裝說明書,這樣(yang)才能正確的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用這種電氣設備。
四、隔離開關有幾種類型
隔(ge)離開關的種類(lei)眾多,按(an)照不同分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)方法可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為不同類(lei)型:1、按(an)安裝地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei):屋內型和屋外型。2、按(an)絕(jue)緣支柱(zhu)數目分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei):單立柱(zhu)式(shi)、雙立柱(zhu)式(shi)、三(san)柱(zhu)式(shi)。3、按(an)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei):輸配電(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機引出線用(yong)(yong)(yong)、變壓器(qi)中性點(dian)接地(di)(di)(di)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和快分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)四種。4、按(an)斷口兩(liang)側閉市接地(di)(di)(di)刀情況(kuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei):單接地(di)(di)(di)、雙接地(di)(di)(di)和不接地(di)(di)(di)三(san)種。5、按(an)觸頭運動方式(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei):水平旋轉(zhuan)式(shi)、垂直(zhi)旋轉(zhuan)式(shi)、擺動式(shi)和插(cha)入(ru)式(shi)。6、按(an)現用(yong)(yong)(yong)操動機構分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei):手動、電(dian)(dian)動和氣動操作(zuo)等。7、按(an)極數分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為單極和三(san)極隔(ge)離開關。