一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性(xing)能的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)能指標之(zhi)一(yi)，它表示干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在一(yi)定(ding)狀態下電(dian)(dian)(dian)池兩端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差，一(yi)般(ban)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有(you)三種：

1、標準電壓

又稱額(e)定電(dian)壓，指電(dian)池正負極(ji)材料(liao)因化學反(fan)應而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)位差，由(you)此產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓值。干電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)電(dian)壓為1.5V。

普通干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的化學電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)反應的激烈程度只(zhi)能達(da)到使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)揮出約(yue)1.5V的電(dian)(dian)壓水平(ping)。這個電(dian)(dian)壓跟(gen)化學離子化傾向有(you)關，也(ye)就是(shi)說跟(gen)陰極和陽極材料有(you)關，鋅跟(gen)碳棒在電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)勢就是(shi)大(da)約(yue)1.5伏特。

2、開路電壓

指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在非(fei)工作狀態下即電(dian)(dian)路中無電(dian)(dian)流流過時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負(fu)極之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)勢差。干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)滿電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)開路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又稱端電(dian)(dian)壓，是指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)(xia)即電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有電(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過時電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負極(ji)之間的電(dian)(dian)勢差。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)(xia)，當電(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部時，需克服電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的內阻所造成(cheng)阻力，故(gu)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓總是低于(yu)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓，充電(dian)(dian)時則與之相(xiang)反。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選定一個(ge)適當的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)并聯在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正負(fu)(fu)極間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)存在(zai)某種已知關(guan)系，所(suo)以(yi)根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)及用途,再測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)兩(liang)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，看此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)帶負(fu)(fu)荷時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較空載(zai)時(shi)下降程度，就可以(yi)判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)；不(bu)(bu)過前提條件是不(bu)(bu)施加任何負(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，加負(fu)(fu)載(zai)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會因(yin)為內部阻(zu)抗引(yin)起(qi)壓(ya)降失真，并隨時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)推移(yi)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)同速率逐漸降低(di)，并且在(zai)去除(chu)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)后逐漸升高。因(yin)此如果施加負(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)話，會影響干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)結(jie)果。

萬(wan)用表(biao)也可以(yi)準確(que)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，通過測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的高低(di)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)行(xing)判(pan)斷(duan)，如(ru)果(guo)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)小(xiao)于干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，說(shuo)明(ming)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)是充足的；小(xiao)于干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)多，說(shuo)明(ming)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)多，由(you)于型(xing)號的不(bu)同干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的檢測(ce)(ce)結果(guo)會(hui)受到影響(xiang)，但是對單節干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來說(shuo)，只要使用是普通指針(zhen)式萬(wan)能表(biao)，將萬(wan)能表(biao)選(xuan)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檔（0.5A-1A），負表(biao)筆接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)，正(zheng)表(biao)筆在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)上迅速碰一下，注意(yi)觀察表(biao)針(zhen)運(yun)動（短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）情況，便知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)還剩(sheng)多少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干電(dian)池的電(dian)壓會隨著使用時(shi)間的增加不(bu)斷(duan)下(xia)降，下(xia)降到一定程度就(jiu)不(bu)能用了，一般情況(kuang)下(xia)，干電(dian)池的電(dian)壓降至(zhi)1.0V ~ 1.2V時(shi)，就(jiu)可以視(shi)為干電(dian)池即將沒電(dian)，這時(shi)的干電(dian)池已經不(bu)能滿足大部分(fen)電(dian)子設備的工作(zuo)需求，需要更(geng)換干電(dian)池。