板(ban)(ban)材(cai)按材(cai)質分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)實木板(ban)(ban)、人造板(ban)(ban)兩大類(lei)(lei);按成型分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)實心板(ban)(ban)、夾(jia)板(ban)(ban)、纖維板(ban)(ban)、裝飾(shi)面板(ban)(ban)、防(fang)火板(ban)(ban)等等。
顧名(ming)思(si)義,實(shi)木(mu)板(ban)(ban)就(jiu)是采用完整的木(mu)材制成的木(mu)板(ban)(ban)材。這些板(ban)(ban)材堅(jian)固耐用、紋路自然,是裝修中優中之選(xuan)。但(dan)由于此(ci)類板(ban)(ban)材造價高,而(er)且施工工藝要求高,在裝修中使用反而(er)并不多(duo)。實(shi)木(mu)板(ban)(ban)一般(ban)按(an)照板(ban)(ban)材實(shi)質(zhi)名(ming)稱分類,沒(mei)有(you)統一的標準規格。目前除了地(di)板(ban)(ban)和門扇會使用實(shi)木(mu)板(ban)(ban)外(wai),一般(ban)我們所使用的板(ban)(ban)材都是人(ren)工加工出(chu)來(lai)的人(ren)造板(ban)(ban)。
夾板(ban)(ban)(ban),也稱膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)(ban)、行內俗稱細芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)。由三層或多層一毫米厚的單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)或薄板(ban)(ban)(ban)膠(jiao)貼熱(re)壓制(zhi)而成。是目前手(shou)工制(zhi)作(zuo)家具(ju)最為(wei)常用的材料。夾板(ban)(ban)(ban)一般分為(wei)3厘板(ban)(ban)(ban)、5厘板(ban)(ban)(ban)、9厘板(ban)(ban)(ban)、12厘板(ban)(ban)(ban)、15厘板(ban)(ban)(ban)和18厘板(ban)(ban)(ban)六種規格(1厘即為(wei)1mm)。
裝飾面板(ban),俗稱面板(ban)。是將實木(mu)板(ban)精密刨切成厚度為(wei)(wei)0.2mm左右的微薄木(mu)皮,以(yi)夾板(ban)為(wei)(wei)基材(cai),經過膠(jiao)粘工藝制做而成的具(ju)有單面裝飾作(zuo)用的裝飾板(ban)材(cai)。它是夾板(ban)存在的特殊方式,厚度為(wei)(wei)3厘。
細木(mu)工板,俗(su)稱(cheng)大(da)芯(xin)板。大(da)芯(xin)板是由兩片(pian)單板中(zhong)間粘壓(ya)(ya)拼接木(mu)板而成。大(da)芯(xin)板的價格比細芯(xin)板要便宜(yi),其(qi)豎向(xiang)(xiang)(以芯(xin)材走向(xiang)(xiang)區分)抗彎壓(ya)(ya)強度差,但橫向(xiang)(xiang)抗彎壓(ya)(ya)強度較高。
刨花(hua)板是用(yong)木材(cai)(cai)(cai)碎(sui)料(liao)為主要(yao)原料(liao),再(zai)滲加(jia)膠水,添加(jia)劑經(jing)壓(ya)(ya)制而成的薄型板材(cai)(cai)(cai)。按壓(ya)(ya)制方法可分為擠壓(ya)(ya)刨花(hua)板、平壓(ya)(ya)刨花(hua)板二類(lei)。此類(lei)板材(cai)(cai)(cai)主要(yao)優點是價格極(ji)其(qi)(qi)便宜。其(qi)(qi)缺(que)點也很(hen)明顯:強(qiang)度極(ji)差(cha)。一(yi)般(ban)不適宜制作較大型或者有力學(xue)要(yao)求的家(jia)私。
密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),也稱纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。是(shi)(shi)以木(mu)質(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維或其他植物纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維為(wei)原(yuan)料,施加(jia)脲(niao)醛樹(shu)脂或其他適用的(de)(de)膠(jiao)粘劑制(zhi)成(cheng)的(de)(de)人造板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材,按其密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)的(de)(de)不(bu)同,分為(wei)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、中(zhong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、低密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)由于(yu)質(zhi)軟(ruan)耐沖(chong)擊,也容易再加(jia)工。在國(guo)(guo)(guo)外,密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)作家(jia)私的(de)(de)一種良好材料,但由于(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)關于(yu)高(gao)度(du)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)標(biao)準比國(guo)(guo)(guo)際的(de)(de)標(biao)準低數倍,所(suo)以,密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在我國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)使用質(zhi)量還有待提(ti)高(gao)。
防火板(ban)是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)硅質(zhi)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)或鈣(gai)質(zhi)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)主要(yao)原料(liao)(liao)(liao),與一(yi)定比例的(de)纖維材料(liao)(liao)(liao)、輕質(zhi)骨(gu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、黏(nian)合劑和(he)化(hua)學添加劑混合,經蒸壓技術制成的(de)裝飾板(ban)材。是(shi)(shi)目(mu)前越來越多使用(yong)的(de)一(yi)種新型材料(liao)(liao)(liao),其使用(yong)不僅僅是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)防火的(de)因素。防火板(ban)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)對于粘貼膠(jiao)水的(de)要(yao)求比較高,質(zhi)量較好的(de)防火板(ban)價(jia)格比裝飾面板(ban)也要(yao)貴。防火板(ban)的(de)厚度(du)一(yi)般為(wei)0.8mm、1mm和(he)1.2mm。
三(san)(san)聚(ju)氰(qing)胺板(ban),全稱(cheng)是(shi)三(san)(san)聚(ju)氰(qing)胺浸漬(zi)膠膜紙飾面人造(zao)板(ban),是(shi)一種(zhong)墻面裝飾材(cai)料。其(qi)制造(zao)過程是(shi)將帶有不同(tong)顏(yan)色或紋理的(de)紙放入三(san)(san)聚(ju)氰(qing)胺樹脂膠粘劑中浸泡,然后干燥到一定(ding)固化程度,將其(qi)鋪裝在刨(bao)花板(ban)、中密(mi)度纖(xian)維(wei)板(ban)或硬質纖(xian)維(wei)板(ban)表面,經(jing)熱(re)壓而(er)成的(de)裝飾板(ban)。