一、增韌劑和相容劑區別是什么
1、什么是相容劑
相容劑(ji)又稱增容劑(ji),是(shi)指借助(zhu)于分子間(jian)的(de)鍵(jian)合(he)力,促使不(bu)相容的(de)兩種聚合(he)物(wu)結合(he)在一體,進而得到(dao)穩定的(de)共混(hun)物(wu)的(de)助(zhu)劑(ji)。
在制造高分(fen)子材料(liao)時,如果兩種材料(liao)是不相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的,我(wo)們可(ke)以加(jia)入第三種成分(fen),它既可(ke)以和(he)第一種材料(liao)相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),又能與第二(er)種材料(liao)相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),我(wo)們稱之為(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑,它是相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化技術的關鍵。可(ke)以說,相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑是連接(jie)兩種不相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)材料(liao)的橋梁。
2、什么是增韌劑
增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)劑(ji),是(shi)(shi)指能(neng)(neng)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)膠黏劑(ji)膜層柔韌(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)物質,具有降低復合材(cai)料脆性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)提高復合材(cai)料抗(kang)沖擊性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)作用(yong),它(ta)可分為活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)劑(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)非活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)劑(ji)兩(liang)類,活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)劑(ji)是(shi)(shi)指其分子鏈上含有能(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)基體樹(shu)脂反應的(de)(de)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基團,它(ta)能(neng)(neng)形成(cheng)網絡(luo)結(jie)構,增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)一部(bu)分柔性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鏈,從而提高復合材(cai)料的(de)(de)抗(kang)沖擊性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。非活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)劑(ji)則是(shi)(shi)一類與(yu)(yu)(yu)基體樹(shu)脂很好相溶(rong)、但不參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)化學反應的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)韌(ren)(ren)劑(ji)。
3、增韌劑和相容劑的區別
增(zeng)韌(ren)劑(ji)(ji)和(he)相(xiang)容(rong)劑(ji)(ji)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)改性(xing)塑(su)料使用的(de)(de)助劑(ji)(ji),二者的(de)(de)區別主要是(shi)(shi)效果(guo)不同:相(xiang)容(rong)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)效果(guo)是(shi)(shi)促(cu)進兩種(zhong)以上原料的(de)(de)共混時不分離性(xing),增(zeng)加其兩種(zhong)的(de)(de)相(xiang)容(rong)性(xing);增(zeng)韌(ren)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)效果(guo)是(shi)(shi)增(zeng)加塑(su)料的(de)(de)韌(ren)性(xing),降低脆性(xing),提高抗沖擊性(xing)能。
二、增韌劑和相容劑可以一起用嗎
可以,而且增韌劑一(yi)般大部(bu)分情況下需要與相容劑(ji)一(yi)起使用(yong),增(zeng)韌(ren)關鍵在于增(zeng)容。
一般(ban)而言,塑料在受到外力作用時(shi)以界面脫粘(zhan)、空(kong)洞(dong)化、基(ji)體(ti)剪切屈服的過程吸收、耗散能(neng)量,除了非(fei)極性(xing)塑料樹脂(zhi)增(zeng)韌(ren)時(shi)可以直(zhi)接加入與其相(xiang)容性(xing)好的彈性(xing)體(ti)粒子(相(xiang)似相(xiang)容原理)時(shi),其它極性(xing)樹脂(zhi)都需要有(you)效的增(zeng)容才(cai)能(neng)實現最終增(zeng)韌(ren)的目(mu)的。
產品加(jia)入增韌劑之前先(xian)加(jia)入相容(rong)(rong)劑(增容(rong)(rong)劑),增韌效果會(hui)明顯提高。