一、碳膜電位器和繞線電位器區別在哪里
1、線繞電位器
線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)是由繞(rao)在(zai)(zai)骨(gu)架上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)絲線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和(he)沿(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)移動的(de)(de)滑臂以及其上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷組成(cheng)(cheng),骨(gu)架截面(mian)應(ying)處(chu)處(chu)相等(deng),由材料(liao)和(he)截面(mian)均勻的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)絲等(deng)節距(ju)繞(rao)制而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)體大(da)多是采用(yong)的(de)(de)多碳(tan)酸類的(de)(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)樹脂材料(liao)來(lai)制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),所以應(ying)該避(bi)免與(yu)以下(xia)這些物品(pin)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu):氨水,其它(ta)胺類,堿(jian)水溶(rong)液,芳香族碳(tan)氫化合物,酮(tong)類,脂類的(de)(de)碳(tan)氫化合物,強烈化學品(pin)(酸堿(jian)值過高)等(deng),否則會(hui)影響線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)性能(neng)。線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)端(duan)子在(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)應(ying)避(bi)免使用(yong)水溶(rong)性助焊(han)(han)(han)劑,否則將助長(chang)金屬(shu)氧化與(yu)材料(liao)發霉,避(bi)免使用(yong)劣質(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)劑,焊(han)(han)(han)錫不(bu)(bu)良(liang)可(ke)能(neng)造成(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)錫困難,導(dao)致(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)或者斷路。線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)端(duan)子在(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)過程中若焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)溫度過高或焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)間過長(chang)可(ke)能(neng)導(dao)致(zhi)對線(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)。插腳式端(duan)子焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)235℃±5℃,3秒鐘(zhong)內完成(cheng)(cheng),焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)應(ying)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)本體1.5MM以上(shang),焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)勿(wu)使用(yong)焊(han)(han)(han)錫流穿線(xian)(xian)路板,焊(han)(han)(han)線(xian)(xian)式端(duan)子焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)350℃±10℃,3秒鐘(zhong)內完成(cheng)(cheng)。且端(duan)子應(ying)避(bi)免重(zhong)壓(ya),否則易造成(cheng)(cheng)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)。
2、碳膜電位器
碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)在馬蹄形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙膠(jiao)板上涂(tu)上一(yi)層(ceng)碳(tan)膜而制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)阻(zu)值(zhi)變化和(he)中間觸(chu)頭位(wei)(wei)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系有(you)直(zhi)線式、對數(shu)(shu)式和(he)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)式三種(zhong)(zhong)。碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)大型(xing)(xing)、小型(xing)(xing)、微型(xing)(xing)幾種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)起組(zu)成帶開關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。從(cong)外觀(guan)方面來(lai)看,脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)普通電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)樣都是(shi)三個(ge)(ge)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao),但(dan)在其內部與(yu)(yu)(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)1、2相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)長短(duan)不(bu)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬靜片,與(yu)(yu)(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)3相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)周有(you)12或24個(ge)(ge)齒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬動片。當脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旋轉時可出現四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)狀態:即(ji)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)3與(yu)(yu)(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)1相(xiang)連(lian)(lian),引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)3與(yu)(yu)(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)2及(ji)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)1全相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)。引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)3與(yu)(yu)(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)2相(xiang)連(lian)(lian),引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)3與(yu)(yu)(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)2及(ji)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)1全斷開。碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)體是(shi)用(yong)經(jing)過研(yan)磨(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)黑、石墨、石英(ying)等材料涂(tu)敷于基(ji)體表(biao)面而成,該工(gong)藝簡單,是(shi)目前(qian)應用(yong)最廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是(shi)分(fen)辨力高(gao)耐磨(mo)性好,壽命較(jiao)長。缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)流噪(zao)聲,非線性大,耐潮性以及(ji)阻(zu)值(zhi)穩定性差。
綜上所述,二者最大的區別(bie)是(shi)線繞電(dian)位(wei)器比碳膜電(dian)位(wei)器的功率大得多(duo),前者可根據需(xu)要制成功率不同(tong)的電(dian)位(wei)器。
二、碳膜電位器怎么修
1、替換法
有些碳膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)位器(qi)磨(mo)損嚴重,用摩擦(ca)清洗法(fa)(fa)根本(ben)就不能解決問題,比如(ru)接(jie)觸簧(huang)片與碳膜(mo)片發生斷裂,這樣的問題一般都(dou)是(shi)采用替換法(fa)(fa)來(lai)解決。首(shou)先把損壞的碳膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)位器(qi)從設備上拆(chai)(chai)下來(lai),然后對(dui)它(ta)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)拆(chai)(chai),將壞了的簧(huang)片與碳膜(mo)片用以前廢舊(jiu)電(dian)(dian)位器(qi)中好的進(jin)行(xing)替換再組合就行(xing)了。
2、摩擦清洗法
剛開始碳膜(mo)電位(wei)器的(de)(de)磨損還不(bu)嚴重,表現(xian)出來的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)也只是(shi)在(zai)調節時聲音(yin)出現(xian)雜(za)(za)音(yin)或音(yin)量時大時小(xiao),畫面有一(yi)些(xie)雜(za)(za)波等,這(zhe)主要是(shi)由(you)于碳膜(mo)電位(wei)器在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)過程中侵入了(le)(le)灰塵或觸簧在(zai)與(yu)碳膜(mo)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)摩(mo)擦下產生了(le)(le)塵埃(ai)從而污染了(le)(le)觸點,致使(shi)(shi)觸簧與(yu)碳膜(mo)片(pian)接觸不(bu)良而產生的(de)(de)。對于這(zhe)種問(wen)題(ti),經常使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)修復(fu)方法首先前提是(shi)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)來回(hui)滑(hua)動或旋(xuan)轉電位(wei)器,這(zhe)樣做(zuo)可以(yi)去(qu)除觸點與(yu)碳膜(mo)片(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)污物(wu)(wu),讓觸點變得(de)光潔,即使(shi)(shi)不(bu)清(qing)洗也能讓設備暫時恢復(fu)正常,這(zhe)對于解決臨時問(wen)題(ti)不(bu)失為(wei)一(yi)個可取的(de)(de)辦法。為(wei)了(le)(le)讓問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)的(de)(de)得(de)到解決,我(wo)們(men)就可以(yi)在(zai)摩(mo)擦之后對電位(wei)器用清(qing)洗液進(jin)行清(qing)洗,徹底洗掉(diao)電位(wei)器碳膜(mo)片(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)污物(wu)(wu),讓簧片(pian)與(yu)碳膜(mo)片(pian)接觸良好(hao)。
3、潤滑保護法
為了(le)延(yan)長修理(li)后的(de)電(dian)位(wei)器的(de)使用(yong)壽命,經常在碳(tan)膜電(dian)位(wei)器的(de)碳(tan)膜片上涂一點硅脂(縫(feng)紉機油也是(shi)(shi)可以),這樣做的(de)好處是(shi)(shi)可以防(fang)止產生(sheng)電(dian)弧(hu),由于硅脂的(de)潤滑作用(yong)減輕了(le)簧片與碳(tan)膜片的(de)摩擦,從而(er)使電(dian)位(wei)器在調諧時電(dian)阻的(de)變化(hua)均(jun)衡平滑,效果良好。