一、碳膜電位器和繞線電位器區別在哪里
1、線繞電位器
線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器是由(you)繞(rao)在(zai)骨(gu)(gu)架(jia)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻絲(si)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈和沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器移動的(de)(de)滑臂以(yi)(yi)及其(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)組成(cheng),骨(gu)(gu)架(jia)截面(mian)應(ying)處處相等(deng),由(you)材(cai)料(liao)和截面(mian)均勻的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻絲(si)等(deng)節距繞(rao)制(zhi)而(er)成(cheng)。線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻體(ti)大多是采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)多碳(tan)酸類(lei)的(de)(de)合成(cheng)樹脂材(cai)料(liao)來(lai)制(zhi)成(cheng)的(de)(de),所以(yi)(yi)應(ying)該避(bi)免(mian)(mian)與(yu)以(yi)(yi)下這些物品(pin)直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu):氨(an)水,其(qi)它(ta)胺類(lei),堿水溶液(ye),芳香(xiang)族碳(tan)氫化合物,酮(tong)類(lei),脂類(lei)的(de)(de)碳(tan)氫化合物,強烈化學品(pin)(酸堿值過高)等(deng),否(fou)則會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)性能。線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器的(de)(de)端子在(zai)焊(han)接(jie)時(shi)應(ying)避(bi)免(mian)(mian)使用(yong)(yong)水溶性助焊(han)劑(ji),否(fou)則將助長(chang)金屬氧(yang)化與(yu)材(cai)料(liao)發(fa)霉,避(bi)免(mian)(mian)使用(yong)(yong)劣質焊(han)劑(ji),焊(han)錫(xi)不良(liang)(liang)可能造成(cheng)上(shang)錫(xi)困難,導(dao)致(zhi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)不良(liang)(liang)或者斷路。線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器的(de)(de)端子在(zai)焊(han)接(jie)過程(cheng)中若(ruo)焊(han)接(jie)溫(wen)度過高或焊(han)接(jie)時(shi)間過長(chang)可能導(dao)致(zhi)對(dui)線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器的(de)(de)損壞(huai)。插腳(jiao)式端子焊(han)接(jie)時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)235℃±5℃,3秒鐘(zhong)內完成(cheng),焊(han)接(jie)應(ying)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器本體(ti)1.5MM以(yi)(yi)上(shang),焊(han)接(jie)時(shi)勿(wu)使用(yong)(yong)焊(han)錫(xi)流穿線(xian)(xian)(xian)路板(ban),焊(han)線(xian)(xian)(xian)式端子焊(han)接(jie)時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)350℃±10℃,3秒鐘(zhong)內完成(cheng)。且端子應(ying)避(bi)免(mian)(mian)重壓,否(fou)則易造成(cheng)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)不良(liang)(liang)。
2、碳膜電位器
碳膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)是在馬蹄形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)膠板上涂上一層碳膜(mo)(mo)(mo)而制成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)。碳膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)變化(hua)和中(zhong)間觸頭位(wei)(wei)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系有(you)直線(xian)式、對數式和指數式三(san)(san)種。碳膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)有(you)大型、小(xiao)型、微型幾種,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和開關一起組成(cheng)帶開關電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)。從外觀方面(mian)(mian)來(lai)看,脈沖電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)與(yu)普通電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)一樣(yang)都是三(san)(san)個(ge)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao),但(dan)在其內部與(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)1、2相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是兩個(ge)長(chang)短不一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬靜片(pian),與(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)3相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是一周有(you)12或24個(ge)齒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬動片(pian)。當脈沖電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)旋轉(zhuan)時(shi)可出現(xian)四種狀態:即引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)3與(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)1相(xiang)連(lian)(lian),引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)3與(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)2及(ji)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)1全(quan)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)。引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)3與(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)2相(xiang)連(lian)(lian),引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)3與(yu)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)2及(ji)引(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)1全(quan)斷開。碳膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)體(ti)是用經過研磨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳黑、石墨(mo)、石英等材(cai)料涂敷于基體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)而成(cheng),該工藝簡單(dan),是目前應用最廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)。碳膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是分辨力高耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)好,壽(shou)命較(jiao)長(chang)。缺點是電(dian)流噪聲,非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)大,耐(nai)潮性(xing)(xing)以及(ji)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)穩定性(xing)(xing)差。
綜上所(suo)述,二者(zhe)最(zui)大的區別是線繞電(dian)位(wei)器比碳(tan)膜電(dian)位(wei)器的功率(lv)大得(de)多(duo),前(qian)者(zhe)可根(gen)據(ju)需要(yao)制成功率(lv)不同的電(dian)位(wei)器。
二、碳膜電位器怎么修
1、替換法
有些碳膜(mo)電(dian)位(wei)器磨損(sun)嚴重,用摩擦清洗(xi)法根本就(jiu)(jiu)不能解決(jue)問(wen)題,比(bi)如接觸簧片(pian)與(yu)碳膜(mo)片(pian)發生斷裂,這樣的(de)問(wen)題一般都是采用替(ti)換法來(lai)解決(jue)。首(shou)先把損(sun)壞的(de)碳膜(mo)電(dian)位(wei)器從(cong)設備上拆下來(lai),然(ran)后對它進行(xing)分拆,將壞了的(de)簧片(pian)與(yu)碳膜(mo)片(pian)用以前廢舊電(dian)位(wei)器中好的(de)進行(xing)替(ti)換再(zai)組合就(jiu)(jiu)行(xing)了。
2、摩擦清洗法
剛(gang)開始(shi)碳(tan)膜(mo)電位(wei)(wei)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴重,表現出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)也只是在調節時(shi)聲音出現雜音或音量時(shi)大時(shi)小,畫(hua)面有一些雜波等(deng),這(zhe)主要是由于碳(tan)膜(mo)電位(wei)(wei)器(qi)在使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中侵(qin)入了灰塵或觸(chu)(chu)簧(huang)在與(yu)碳(tan)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)摩擦下產(chan)生(sheng)了塵埃(ai)從而污(wu)染了觸(chu)(chu)點(dian),致(zhi)使(shi)觸(chu)(chu)簧(huang)與(yu)碳(tan)膜(mo)片(pian)接觸(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)而產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。對于這(zhe)種問(wen)題(ti),經常使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)修復方法首先前(qian)提(ti)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來回滑動或旋(xuan)轉電位(wei)(wei)器(qi),這(zhe)樣做可(ke)以去(qu)除(chu)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)與(yu)碳(tan)膜(mo)片(pian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)物,讓(rang)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)變(bian)得(de)光潔,即使(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)也能讓(rang)設(she)備暫(zan)時(shi)恢復正常,這(zhe)對于解(jie)(jie)決(jue)臨(lin)時(shi)問(wen)題(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)為一個可(ke)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法。為了讓(rang)問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)到解(jie)(jie)決(jue),我們(men)就可(ke)以在摩擦之后對電位(wei)(wei)器(qi)用(yong)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液進(jin)行清(qing)(qing)洗(xi),徹(che)底洗(xi)掉電位(wei)(wei)器(qi)碳(tan)膜(mo)片(pian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)物,讓(rang)簧(huang)片(pian)與(yu)碳(tan)膜(mo)片(pian)接觸(chu)(chu)良(liang)好。
3、潤滑保護法
為了延(yan)長修理后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)的(de)(de)使用壽(shou)命,經常(chang)在碳(tan)膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)膜(mo)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上涂一點硅脂(縫(feng)紉機油也(ye)是可(ke)以(yi)),這樣做的(de)(de)好處是可(ke)以(yi)防止產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu),由(you)于(yu)硅脂的(de)(de)潤滑作用減輕了簧片(pian)(pian)(pian)與(yu)碳(tan)膜(mo)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦,從而使電(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)在調諧時電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)變化均衡平滑,效果良好。