什么是承攬合同
承攬合同是日常(chang)生(sheng)活(huo)中除(chu)買(mai)賣合(he)(he)同外(wai)常(chang)見和普遍的(de)(de)合(he)(he)同,根(gen)據《中華人民共和國合(he)(he)同法》第(di)十五章(zhang)、第(di)二(er)百五十一條第(di)一款對承攬(lan)合(he)(he)同所下(xia)定(ding)義為(wei):“承攬(lan)人按(an)照定(ding)作(zuo)人的(de)(de)要求完成工(gong)作(zuo),交付(fu)工(gong)作(zuo)成果,定(ding)作(zuo)人給付(fu)報(bao)酬的(de)(de)合(he)(he)同。
什么建設工程合同
建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)合同(tong)(tong)是(shi)承包人(ren)進(jin)行工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she),發包人(ren)支付(fu)價款的合同(tong)(tong)。通常包括(kuo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)勘察(cha)、設(she)計、施工(gong)合同(tong)(tong)。在傳統民法上,建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)合同(tong)(tong)屬承攬合同(tong)(tong)之一(yi)種,德國(guo)、日本、法國(guo)及(ji)中(zhong)國(guo)臺灣地區民法均將對(dui)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)合同(tong)(tong)的規定納入承攬合同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)。
承攬合同與建設工程合同的相同點
1、均以(yi)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)并交付工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)為標的(de)(de)(de)。在承(cheng)攬合(he)同(tong)中(zhong),承(cheng)攬人(ren)(ren)必(bi)須按(an)(an)照(zhao)定作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),但定作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)不是(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng),而是(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)。建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong),承(cheng)包人(ren)(ren)也(ye)必(bi)須按(an)(an)照(zhao)發(fa)包人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),或(huo)根據(ju)發(fa)包人(ren)(ren)提供的(de)(de)(de)圖紙(zhi)資料,完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),發(fa)包人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de),也(ye)不是(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng),而是(shi)按(an)(an)期(qi)得到(dao)一(yi)項(xiang)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)、合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。
2、合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)標的(de)(de)(de)物具有特(te)定(ding)(ding)性。承攬(lan)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)是為(wei)了(le)滿足(zu)(zu)定(ding)(ding)作人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊要(yao)求而訂(ding)立的(de)(de)(de),因而定(ding)(ding)作人(ren)對標的(de)(de)(de)物質量、數量、規格(ge)、形(xing)狀等的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求使承攬(lan)標的(de)(de)(de)物特(te)定(ding)(ding)化,使它(ta)同(tong)(tong)(tong)市場上的(de)(de)(de)物品有所(suo)區別,以滿足(zu)(zu)定(ding)(ding)作人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊需(xu)要(yao),這(zhe)是與買賣合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大區別之(zhi)處(chu)。建(jian)設工程施工合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong),同(tong)(tong)(tong)樣也(ye)是根據(ju)發包人(ren)提供的(de)(de)(de)與眾不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)圖紙,為(wei)滿足(zu)(zu)發包人(ren)建(jian)設一項與其他建(jian)筑(zhu)物不一樣的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物訂(ding)立的(de)(de)(de)。
3、承攬人(ren)(ren)或(huo)施工(gong)人(ren)(ren)的工(gong)作(zuo)均具(ju)有(you)獨立性。兩類合(he)同(tong)中,承攬人(ren)(ren)和承包人(ren)(ren)都(dou)是(shi)以(yi)自(zi)己的設(she)備、技術、勞力等(deng)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)作(zuo)任(ren)務,不受合(he)同(tong)對方的指揮,獨立完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)合(he)同(tong)約(yue)定的質量、期(qi)限等(deng)責(ze)任(ren),在工(gong)作(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)果和工(gong)程(cheng)交(jiao)付前(qian),對標的物的滅失(shi)或(huo)工(gong)作(zuo)條件惡化(hua)風險所(suo)造成(cheng)(cheng)的損(sun)失(shi)承擔責(ze)任(ren)。
4、均具有一定的人身性質。承攬人或承包人一般必須以自己的設備、技術、勞力完成工作或(huo)工程(cheng)(cheng),并承擔風險,不得擅自將承攬的工作(zuo)或(huo)工程(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)給第(di)三(san)人完成,且對完成工作(zuo)、工程(cheng)(cheng)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)遭(zao)受的意外風險負責。
5、均是雙務(wu)、有(you)(you)償(chang)合同(tong)。承(cheng)攬合同(tong)中,承(cheng)攬人(ren)負(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作并支付工(gong)(gong)(gong)作成(cheng)果的(de)義務(wu),而定作人(ren)則負(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)支付報酬(chou)的(de)義務(wu),兩者的(de)義務(wu)是相互的(de)、對流(liu)的(de)、有(you)(you)償(chang)的(de)。建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)中,承(cheng)包人(ren)負(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)按期保質完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)并交付工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)義務(wu),發包人(ren)負(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)支付工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款(kuan)的(de)義務(wu),兩者的(de)義務(wu)也是相互、有(you)(you)償(chang)的(de)。
承攬合同與建設工程合同的區別
1、合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)標(biao)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)區別。建設(she)工(gong)程施工(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)完(wan)成的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)構成不(bu)(bu)動(dong)產(chan),即(ji)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)標(biao)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)動(dong)產(chan)物(wu)(wu),包(bao)括民(min)法(fa)意義(yi)上的(de)(de)完(wan)全不(bu)(bu)動(dong)產(chan)物(wu)(wu)和(he)大部分類不(bu)(bu)動(dong)產(chan)物(wu)(wu),而(er)承攬(lan)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)完(wan)成的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)則不(bu)(bu)構成不(bu)(bu)動(dong)產(chan)的(de)(de),即(ji)標(biao)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)一(yi)般是(shi)指動(dong)產(chan)。
2、合同(tong)(tong)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)區別。建設工程施工合同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)包人為特殊主(zhu)體,法(fa)律對承(cheng)包人有(you)(you)(you)特殊要求,即(ji)承(cheng)包人必須是經國家認(ren)可的(de)(de)(de)具有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定建設資質的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)人。而一(yi)般承(cheng)攬合同(tong)(tong)在法(fa)律沒有(you)(you)(you)明確規定的(de)(de)(de)情況下,合同(tong)(tong)雙方(fang)為一(yi)般主(zhu)體。