汽車制動器是什么

汽車制動器是指(zhi)產(chan)生阻礙車輛運(yun)動或運(yun)動趨勢的力（制動力）的部件，其中(zhong)也(ye)包括輔助制動系統中(zhong)的緩速(su)裝置(zhi)。

汽車制動器有哪幾種

汽車(che)制動器簡單的(de)說就是汽車(che)的(de)制動裝置，汽車(che)所用的(de)制動器幾(ji)乎都是摩擦式(shi)(shi)的(de)，主要可分為鼓(gu)式(shi)(shi)和盤式(shi)(shi)兩大類(lei)。

1、盤式制動器

盤(pan)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器又(you)稱為碟式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器，顧名(ming)思義(yi)是取其形狀而得名(ming)。它由液(ye)壓控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)要零部件有制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤(pan)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)泵(beng)以及制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鉗(qian)(qian)和油管(guan)等，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤(pan)用合金(jin)鋼制(zhi)(zhi)造并固定在(zai)車輪上(shang)隨車輪轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)泵(beng)固定在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器的(de)底板上(shang)固定不動(dong)(dong)(dong)。制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鉗(qian)(qian)上(shang)的(de)兩個摩擦片分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)裝在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤(pan)的(de)兩側。分(fen)(fen)(fen)泵(beng)的(de)活塞受油管(guan)輸送來的(de)液(ye)壓作用，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)摩擦片壓向制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤(pan)發(fa)生摩擦制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)作起來就好象用鉗(qian)(qian)子鉗(qian)(qian)住旋轉中的(de)盤(pan)子迫使它停下來一(yi)樣。

這種制動器散熱快重量輕，構造簡單調整方便。特別(bie)是(shi)高負載時耐(nai)高溫性能好，制動效果(guo)穩(wen)定而且不(bu)怕泥水侵襲(xi)，在冬季(ji)和惡劣(lie)路況下(xia)行車(che)盤式(shi)制動比鼓式(shi)制動更容(rong)易在較短的(de)時間內令車(che)停下(xia)。

2、鼓式制動器

鼓式制(zhi)(zhi)動器(qi)是最早(zao)形(xing)式的(de)(de)汽車制(zhi)(zhi)動器(qi)，當盤式制(zhi)(zhi)動器(qi)還沒有(you)出(chu)現(xian)前它已經廣泛用(yong)(yong)于(yu)各類汽車上。但由于(yu)結構問題使它在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)動過程(cheng)中散熱性能差和排(pai)水性能差，容(rong)易導致(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)動效率下降，因此在(zai)(zai)近三(san)十年中在(zai)(zai)轎(jiao)車領域上已經逐步退出(chu)讓位給(gei)盤式制(zhi)(zhi)動器(qi)。但由于(yu)成(cheng)本比較(jiao)(jiao)低所以(yi)仍然在(zai)(zai)一(yi)些經濟(ji)類轎(jiao)車中使用(yong)(yong)，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)動負荷比較(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)后(hou)輪和駐車制(zhi)(zhi)動。

鼓(gu)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器一(yi)(yi)般用于后輪(lun)。典型的(de)(de)鼓(gu)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器主要由(you)底板(ban)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄、輪(lun)缸（制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)泵）以(yi)及回(hui)位(wei)(wei)彈簧(huang)和定(ding)位(wei)(wei)銷(xiao)(xiao)等零部件組成。底板(ban)安(an)裝在車軸(zhou)的(de)(de)固定(ding)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)固定(ding)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)，上(shang)面裝有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄、輪(lun)缸、回(hui)位(wei)(wei)彈簧(huang)和定(ding)位(wei)(wei)銷(xiao)(xiao)，承受制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時的(de)(de)旋轉扭力。每一(yi)(yi)個鼓(gu)有(you)一(yi)(yi)對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄上(shang)有(you)摩擦襯片。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)則是(shi)安(an)裝在輪(lun)轂上(shang)，是(shi)隨車輪(lun)一(yi)(yi)起旋轉的(de)(de)部件，它是(shi)由(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)份(fen)量的(de)(de)鑄鐵(tie)做成，形狀似園(yuan)鼓(gu)狀。當制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時輪(lun)缸活塞推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄壓(ya)迫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)受到(dao)摩擦減速迫使(shi)車輪(lun)停止轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

汽車制動器故障怎么辦

如果車主正在駕駛中，那么千萬不要慌張，盡量把車速降下來，然后盡快靠邊選擇安全位置停靠，對汽車進行檢查。第一檢查剎車油是否缺少，如果有缺少注意是否有地方漏油；第二檢查剎車片磨損程度。