汽車制動器是什么

汽車制動器是(shi)指產生(sheng)阻(zu)礙車輛運動(dong)或運動(dong)趨(qu)勢的(de)(de)力（制動(dong)力）的(de)(de)部件，其中也包括(kuo)輔助制動(dong)系統(tong)中的(de)(de)緩(huan)速裝置(zhi)。

汽車制動器有哪幾種

汽車制(zhi)動器簡單的說就是汽車的制(zhi)動裝(zhuang)置，汽車所用的制(zhi)動器幾(ji)乎都是摩(mo)擦式的，主要可分為鼓(gu)式和盤式兩大類。

1、盤式制動器

盤式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)又稱為碟(die)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)，顧名(ming)思義是取(qu)其形狀而得(de)名(ming)。它由(you)液壓控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)要(yao)零(ling)部件有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤、分泵以及(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鉗和油管等，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤用(yong)(yong)合金鋼(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造并固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)車(che)輪上隨(sui)車(che)輪轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)。分泵固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)的底板(ban)上固(gu)定(ding)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鉗上的兩(liang)個摩(mo)擦(ca)片分別裝在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤的兩(liang)側。分泵的活(huo)塞受油管輸送來(lai)的液壓作用(yong)(yong)，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)摩(mo)擦(ca)片壓向制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤發生(sheng)摩(mo)擦(ca)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)作起來(lai)就(jiu)好象用(yong)(yong)鉗子(zi)鉗住旋轉中的盤子(zi)迫使它停下(xia)來(lai)一樣。

這種制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器散熱快重量輕，構造(zao)簡單調整方便。特別是高(gao)(gao)負載時(shi)(shi)耐高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)性(xing)能好(hao)，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)效果穩(wen)定而且(qie)不怕泥水侵(qin)襲，在冬季和惡劣路況下行車盤式制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)比(bi)鼓式制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)更(geng)容易在較短的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內令車停下。

2、鼓式制動器

鼓式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器是最早形式的汽車(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器，當盤(pan)式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器還沒(mei)有出現前它已經廣(guang)泛(fan)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)各類(lei)汽車(che)上。但由于(yu)(yu)結構問題使它在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)散熱性(xing)能差(cha)和(he)(he)排水(shui)性(xing)能差(cha)，容易導(dao)致制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率下降，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)近三十(shi)年中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)轎(jiao)車(che)領域上已經逐步退出讓位給盤(pan)式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器。但由于(yu)(yu)成本比較低所(suo)以仍然(ran)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)些經濟類(lei)轎(jiao)車(che)中(zhong)(zhong)使用(yong)，主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)負(fu)荷比較小的后輪和(he)(he)駐車(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

鼓(gu)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器一(yi)般用(yong)于后輪。典型(xing)的(de)鼓(gu)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器主要由(you)底板、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄、輪缸(gang)（制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分泵）以及回位(wei)(wei)(wei)彈簧和定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)銷(xiao)等零部(bu)件組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。底板安(an)裝在車(che)軸的(de)固定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang)是固定(ding)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)，上(shang)(shang)面裝有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄、輪缸(gang)、回位(wei)(wei)(wei)彈簧和定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)銷(xiao)，承受(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時的(de)旋轉扭力。每一(yi)個鼓(gu)有一(yi)對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄上(shang)(shang)有摩擦(ca)襯片。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)則是安(an)裝在輪轂上(shang)(shang)，是隨車(che)輪一(yi)起旋轉的(de)部(bu)件，它是由(you)一(yi)定(ding)份量的(de)鑄鐵(tie)做成(cheng)(cheng)，形狀似園鼓(gu)狀。當制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時輪缸(gang)活(huo)塞推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄壓(ya)迫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)受(shou)到摩擦(ca)減(jian)速(su)迫使車(che)輪停止轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

汽車制動器故障怎么辦

如果車主正在駕駛中，那么千萬不要慌張，盡量把車速降下來，然后盡快靠邊選擇安全位置停靠，對汽車進行檢查。第一檢查剎車油是否缺少，如果有缺少注意是否有地方漏油；第二檢查剎車片磨損程度。