一、汽車啟動系統的組成
汽車點火開關
汽車點(dian)火開(kai)(kai)關(guan)可自由開(kai)(kai)啟或(huo)關(guan)閉點(dian)火線圈的(de)主要電路。鑰匙(chi)插進點(dian)火開(kai)(kai)關(guan)后,在每個(ge)擋位做瞬間(jian)停留大約1-2秒鐘,這(zhe)時(shi)能聽見電器設備通電的(de)聲音,然后再(zai)進入下一個(ge)擋位就(jiu)可以了。
汽車啟動繼電器
起動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機工作時,需要有很大的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),而汽(qi)車起動(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)就(jiu)是來(lai)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)。主要是通過控(kong)制(zhi)低壓(ya)線路的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來(lai)控(kong)制(zhi)高壓(ya)線路的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),起到電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)開關的(de)作用(yong)。啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)系統組成部件之一,在汽(qi)車上主要作用(yong)為(wei)小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)控(kong)制(zhi)大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方式啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)馬達轉動(dong)(dong),從而帶動(dong)(dong)發電(dian)(dian)機內部磁電(dian)(dian)機轉子轉動(dong)(dong),給點(dian)火(huo)器(qi)(qi)輸入點(dian)火(huo)脈沖信號,使(shi)點(dian)火(huo)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花,點(dian)燃汽(qi)缸(gang)內的(de)混合(he)燃氣并(bing)做功(gong)。
汽車啟動機
起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)可以將(jiang)蓄電池(chi)的(de)電能轉化(hua)為機(ji)械能,驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)飛(fei)輪旋轉實現發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)在以自身(shen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力運轉之前,必須借助(zhu)外(wai)(wai)力旋轉。發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)借助(zhu)外(wai)(wai)力由靜(jing)止狀態過渡(du)到能自行運轉的(de)過程,稱為發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。
汽車蓄電池
汽車蓄電池(chi)是一種將(jiang)化學能轉變成電能的裝置,屬于直流電源,它的作用有:
(1)啟動(dong)發動(dong)機(ji)時,給起(qi)(qi)動(dong)機(ji)提供強大(da)的起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電流(10A左(zuo)右)。
(2)當發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)過載時,可以協助發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)向用電(dian)(dian)設備供電(dian)(dian)。
(3)當發動(dong)機處(chu)于怠速時,向用電(dian)設備供(gong)電(dian)。
(4)蓄電(dian)池(chi)還是一個(ge)大容量(liang)電(dian)容器,可以保護汽車的用(yong)電(dian)器。
(5)當發電(dian)(dian)機端電(dian)(dian)壓高于鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)動勢時(shi),將一部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉變(bian)為(wei)化(hua)學能(neng)儲(chu)存起來,也就是進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)。
汽車發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機是汽車的(de)主要電(dian)源(yuan),其功用是在發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機正常(chang)運(yun)轉時(shi),向(xiang)所(suo)有用電(dian)設備(起動(dong)機除外)供電(dian),同(tong)時(shi)向(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)。
汽車保險絲
汽車保(bao)(bao)(bao)險絲是電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)險絲的一種,當電(dian)路電(dian)流超過(guo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險絲額定電(dian)流的2倍(bei)時就(jiu)會在(zai)幾秒內(nei)熔斷,起到電(dian)路保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的作用。常用于汽車電(dian)路過(guo)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu),也用于工業(ye)設備的過(guo)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)。
二、汽車啟動系統故障維修
原因
原因一:蓄電(dian)(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統有問題
如蓄電池(chi)電量不足、汽小伙(huo)伴電源保(bao)險或(huo)繼電器(qi)損壞、起動(dong)機電纜和蓄電池(chi)接線(xian)柱(zhu)松動(dong)或(huo)是接線(xian)柱(zhu)氧化。
原因二:起(qi)動繼電器(qi)故障(zhang)問題
如起動繼電(dian)器電(dian)感線圈短路(lu)、起動繼電(dian)器電(dian)感線圈斷路(lu)或搭鐵、起動繼電(dian)器動觸點(dian)或靜觸點(dian)燒蝕、起動繼電(dian)器鐵芯與觸點(dian)臂間隙(xi)過大等。
原因三(san):起動機故障問題
如起動機(ji)直流電動機(ji)故(gu)障問題、傳動機(ji)構(gou)故(gu)障問題、調(diao)節裝置故(gu)障問題等。
原因四:起動(dong)開關故障問題
汽車起動擋失靈。
檢測方法
檢測(ce)方法一:檢測(ce)蓄電池
當有(you)喇(la)叭不響、儀表燈暗淡、電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車窗升降(jiang)慢、汽車前大燈昏(hun)暗、防(fang)起動(dong)(dong)指示燈閃爍(有(you)些(xie)車型)等(deng)狀況時(shi),檢測蓄電(dian)池接(jie)線(xian)柱是不是氧化或連接(jie)不良、蓄電(dian)池接(jie)地不良、測量起動(dong)(dong)機的(de)起動(dong)(dong)電(dian)壓應該是大于9.6V。
檢測方法二:檢測起動機
將起動機上接電纜線的(de)主接線桿與(yu)起動接線柱短接,若起動機不可以工作,說明(ming)起動機的(de)電磁(ci)開關等有故障問題,需拆下起動機進行檢修(xiu)。
檢測方(fang)法三:檢測點火(huo)開關和點火(huo)開關有關線(xian)路。
檢測(ce)方(fang)法四:檢測(ce)汽車起(qi)動繼電(dian)器和(he)起(qi)動保險,用這(zhe)個判斷故(gu)障問題地方(fang)位置。