一、汽車啟動系統的組成
汽車點火開關
汽車點火開關(guan)可自由開啟(qi)或關(guan)閉點火線圈的主要(yao)電(dian)(dian)路。鑰(yao)匙(chi)插進點火開關(guan)后(hou),在每個(ge)擋位(wei)做瞬間停留大約1-2秒鐘,這時能聽(ting)見(jian)電(dian)(dian)器設備通電(dian)(dian)的聲音(yin),然(ran)后(hou)再進入(ru)下一個(ge)擋位(wei)就(jiu)可以了。
汽車啟動繼電器
起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機工作時,需要有很大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),而(er)汽(qi)車起(qi)動(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)器就是(shi)來(lai)控制電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)。主要是(shi)通過控制低壓(ya)線路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來(lai)控制高壓(ya)線路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),起(qi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)開關的(de)(de)作用。啟動(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)器是(shi)啟動(dong)系統組成部件之一(yi),在汽(qi)車上主要作用為小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)控制大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方式啟動(dong)馬達轉動(dong),從而(er)帶動(dong)發電(dian)(dian)機內部磁電(dian)(dian)機轉子轉動(dong),給點火(huo)器輸(shu)入點火(huo)脈沖(chong)信號,使(shi)點火(huo)器產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花,點燃汽(qi)缸內的(de)(de)混合燃氣并做(zuo)功。
汽車啟動機
起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機可以(yi)將蓄電(dian)池的電(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)機械能(neng),驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機飛輪旋轉(zhuan)實現發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機在以(yi)自(zi)身(shen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力運(yun)轉(zhuan)之前,必須借助(zhu)外(wai)力旋轉(zhuan)。發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機借助(zhu)外(wai)力由靜止狀態過(guo)渡(du)到能(neng)自(zi)行(xing)運(yun)轉(zhuan)的過(guo)程,稱為(wei)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。
汽車蓄電池
汽車蓄(xu)電池是一(yi)種將化學(xue)能(neng)轉變成電能(neng)的裝置,屬(shu)于直流電源,它的作用有:
(1)啟動(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)時,給起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)提供強大的(de)起動(dong)(dong)電流(10A左右)。
(2)當發電(dian)機(ji)過載時(shi),可(ke)以(yi)協助發電(dian)機(ji)向用電(dian)設備(bei)供電(dian)。
(3)當發動機處于怠速(su)時,向用(yong)電設(she)備(bei)供電。
(4)蓄電池還是一個大容(rong)(rong)量電容(rong)(rong)器,可以保護汽車的用電器。
(5)當發電機端電壓高于(yu)鉛蓄電池的電動勢時,將一部分電能轉變為化學能儲存(cun)起來,也就是進行充電。
汽(qi)車發電(dian)(dian)機是(shi)汽(qi)車的主要電(dian)(dian)源(yuan),其功用是(shi)在發動(dong)(dong)機正常運轉時(shi)(shi),向(xiang)所有用電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機除外)供電(dian)(dian),同時(shi)(shi)向(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
汽車保險絲
汽車(che)保(bao)(bao)險絲是電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)險絲的(de)(de)一種,當(dang)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)流超過保(bao)(bao)險絲額定電(dian)流的(de)(de)2倍(bei)時就會(hui)在幾秒內(nei)熔斷,起到電(dian)路(lu)(lu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。常(chang)用于汽車(che)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)過流保(bao)(bao)護(hu),也用于工(gong)業(ye)設備的(de)(de)過流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。
二、汽車啟動系統故障維修
原因
原因一:蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統有問題
如(ru)蓄(xu)電池電量不足、汽小伙伴電源保險或(huo)(huo)繼電器損壞、起動機(ji)電纜和蓄(xu)電池接線柱(zhu)松動或(huo)(huo)是(shi)接線柱(zhu)氧化。
原(yuan)因二:起動(dong)繼電器(qi)故障問(wen)題
如起動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電器(qi)電感線圈短路、起動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電器(qi)電感線圈斷路或搭(da)鐵、起動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電器(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)觸點或靜(jing)觸點燒蝕、起動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電器(qi)鐵芯與(yu)觸點臂(bei)間隙過大(da)等。
原因(yin)三:起動機(ji)故(gu)障問題
如起動(dong)機直流電動(dong)機故障問(wen)題、傳動(dong)機構故障問(wen)題、調節裝置(zhi)故障問(wen)題等。
原因四:起(qi)動開關故(gu)障問題(ti)
汽車(che)起動擋(dang)失靈。
檢測方法
檢測方法一:檢測蓄(xu)電池
當(dang)有(you)喇(la)叭不(bu)響、儀表(biao)燈(deng)(deng)暗淡、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)窗(chuang)升降慢、汽車(che)前大(da)燈(deng)(deng)昏暗、防起(qi)(qi)動(dong)指示燈(deng)(deng)閃(shan)爍(shuo)(有(you)些(xie)車(che)型)等狀況時,檢測蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池接(jie)線柱(zhu)是不(bu)是氧化或連接(jie)不(bu)良、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池接(jie)地不(bu)良、測量起(qi)(qi)動(dong)機的起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)該是大(da)于9.6V。
檢測方法二(er):檢測起動(dong)機
將(jiang)起動(dong)機(ji)上(shang)接電纜線的(de)(de)主接線桿(gan)與起動(dong)接線柱短接,若起動(dong)機(ji)不(bu)可以(yi)工作(zuo),說明起動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)電磁(ci)開(kai)關等有(you)故(gu)障問題,需拆下(xia)起動(dong)機(ji)進行(xing)檢修(xiu)。
檢測方法三:檢測點火開(kai)關和點火開(kai)關有關線路。
檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)法四:檢(jian)測(ce)汽車起(qi)動繼電(dian)器(qi)和起(qi)動保險(xian),用這(zhe)個(ge)判斷故(gu)障問題地方(fang)位置。