農產品批發市場的意義

農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發市場(chang)是(shi)(shi)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)集中交易提供(gong)場(chang)所(suo)的(de)有(you)形(xing)市場(chang)，是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)(liu)通體(ti)系與營銷體(ti)系的(de)核(he)心環節(jie)，發揮著(zhu)集散農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、提供(gong)價格服務等功(gong)能。我(wo)國(guo)“小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)，大市場(chang)”的(de)矛盾導致了在眾多(duo)的(de)小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)和巨大的(de)市場(chang)之間需要一(yi)個龐大的(de)流(liu)(liu)通體(ti)系來完成生(sheng)鮮(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)集散功(gong)能。順應(ying)需求，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)并形(xing)成了批(pi)發市場(chang)主導型鮮(xian)活(huo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)物流(liu)(liu)模(mo)式。目前，我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)通過批(pi)發市場(chang)流(liu)(liu)通的(de)比(bi)率非常高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發市場(chang)作為農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)(liu)通的(de)中心樞紐(niu)，對(dui)保障城市供(gong)應(ying)、解決農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)“買賣難”問題(ti)起著(zhu)重(zhong)要作用(yong)。

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農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通決(jue)定(ding)了農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)擴大(da)再生產(chan)(chan)(chan)，而農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通的(de)主要(yao)渠道。所以農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化的(de)關(guan)鍵不是生產(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)節，而是銷售環(huan)節，取(qu)決(jue)于農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是否(fou)能(neng)(neng)夠開拓(tuo)市場(chang)、贏得(de)市場(chang)。目前，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易額(e)已占農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)社會(hui)消(xiao)費(fei)總(zong)額(e)的(de)70%以上(shang)。在新時代(dai)下，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)供應鏈受到(dao)農(nong)(nong)超、消(xiao)費(fei)升(sheng)級(ji)的(de)挑戰，面臨被(bei)孤(gu)立的(de)現實。因(yin)此我(wo)們應通過農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市場(chang)的(de)升(sheng)級(ji)改(gai)造，完善農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)物流體(ti)系，增強(qiang)其信(xin)息服務功能(neng)(neng)，促進生產(chan)(chan)(chan)流通與消(xiao)費(fei)的(de)緊密(mi)結合，建立農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)現代(dai)化市場(chang)流通體(ti)系，提高我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)競爭(zheng)力。

如何進行農產品批發市場功能優化

1、完善農產品集散和交易的基本功能

農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品批(pi)發市場(chang)(chang)功能優化需(xu)要(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品批(pi)發市場(chang)(chang)進一步完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品集散(san)和(he)交易(yi)的基(ji)本功能，主要(yao)體現(xian)為優化農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品批(pi)發市場(chang)(chang)的區域(yu)布局(ju)以及(ji)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品批(pi)發交易(yi)提供(gong)完(wan)備的基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品的交易(yi)過程中，由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品大多具有(you)鮮活易(yi)腐爛的特點，保(bao)存時間較短，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品在批(pi)發交易(yi)過程中損耗(hao)率較高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品批(pi)發市場(chang)(chang)需(xu)要(yao)加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品倉(cang)儲(chu)、物流、冷(leng)鏈、保(bao)鮮等基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)，降低農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品在流通過程中的損耗(hao)。此外，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品批(pi)發市場(chang)(chang)應(ying)該具備完(wan)善的農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品分類、分級、加工、包裝、儲(chu)運、裝卸以及(ji)金融結算服務功能，以提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品的流通效率和(he)交易(yi)效率。

2、強化價格形成和降低交易成本的核心功能

由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)具有一定周期性，而(er)傳統(tong)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)即期現(xian)(xian)貨(huo)交(jiao)易(yi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的價(jia)格(ge)存在滯(zhi)后性，只(zhi)能(neng)反映當(dang)前農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)供求形(xing)(xing)勢，無法體現(xian)(xian)未來農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)供給狀況及價(jia)格(ge)走勢，在引導農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方面的作用(yong)有限。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)應(ying)當(dang)能(neng)夠發(fa)揮套期保值、規(gui)避風險和(he)價(jia)格(ge)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的功能(neng)，能(neng)夠有效(xiao)對沖現(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)價(jia)格(ge)的波動，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者提(ti)供明確的價(jia)格(ge)信號。此外，出臺相關(guan)法律(lv)法規(gui)，規(gui)范農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)的交(jiao)易(yi)秩序，減(jian)少(shao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)中的惡性競爭、壟斷(duan)經(jing)營以及各種亂收費(fei)現(xian)(xian)象也是(shi)降低農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)成(cheng)本(ben)的有效(xiao)途徑。

3、明確信息服務和公益性的衍生功能

農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是人們日常生(sheng)活中的(de)(de)(de)(de)必需品(pin)(pin)，農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)供求及價格穩定關系到農(nong)民收益(yi)和消費者(zhe)福利，是重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)民生(sheng)問題。農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)場具有顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)性特征，我們應當保障農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市(shi)場供應、穩定農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)價格、確保農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)功(gong)能。農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展可以(yi)重點從農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)交易的(de)(de)(de)(de)稅收減免和保障農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)食品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)兩方面強化其公(gong)(gong)益(yi)性特征。