顯微鏡常見故障及維修

一、粗調失靈

故障(zhang)現(xian)象是(shi)當轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗準焦螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)時，鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)不能(neng)隨(sui)(sui)之升(sheng)(sheng)降。顯微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)簡的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)降是(shi)靠齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)因條(tiao)來(lai)實現(xian)的(de)(de)，而(er)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)粗調(diao)旋(xuan)鈕的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)軸上(shang)(shang)，齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)上(shang)(shang)。當轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗調(diao)旋(xuan)鈕時，齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)帶動(dong)條(tiao)使鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)升(sheng)(sheng)降。如果鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)不能(neng)隨(sui)(sui)之升(sheng)(sheng)降，說(shuo)明齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)與齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)沒有吻合(he)。常見的(de)(de)故障(zhang)原因是(shi)齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套隨(sui)(sui)粗調(diao)旋(xuan)紐(niu)一起轉(zhuan)動(dong)，即齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)二個止(zhi)動(dong)螺(luo)(luo)釘(ding)沒有把齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)燕尾(wei)導軌上(shang)(shang)。修理方(fang)法是(shi)把齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)移到齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套缺口中間(jian)，并讓(rang)齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套的(de)(de)缺口面向(xiang)齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)，再(zai)用(yong)(yong)小螺(luo)(luo)絲(si)刀(dao)將(jiang)尾(wei)導軌端面上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)二個止(zhi)動(dong)螺(luo)(luo)釘(ding)旋(xuan)緊(jin)。如果無效，說(shuo)明齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)磨損嚴重，則需取(qu)下鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)，旋(xuan)出齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)上(shang)(shang)、下的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)螺(luo)(luo)釘(ding)，將(jiang)齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)倒過來(lai)使用(yong)(yong)，因為(wei)齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)磨損主要發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)部。或(huo)者根據齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)寬度剪(jian)一條(tiao)金屬薄片(pian)，讓(rang)金屬薄片(pian)鑲嵌(qian)在(zai)(zai)齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)上(shang)(shang)，并用(yong)(yong)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)螺(luo)(luo)釘(ding)把薄片(pian)和(he)齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)上(shang)(shang)，插上(shang)(shang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)調(diao)試。如感到有松緊(jin)情況，則可更(geng)換金屬薄片(pian)的(de)(de)厚度，直至(zhi)合(he)適為(wei)止(zhi)。或(huo)者按原型(xing)號規格向(xiang)生(sheng)產廠(chang)家購買新齒(chi)(chi)條(tiao)。

二、鏡筒自行下滑

故障現(xian)象是(shi)(shi)當焦(jiao)(jiao)距對準后，手松開準焦(jiao)(jiao)螺旋(xuan)，鏡(jing)(jing)簡會自行(xing)下滑(hua)，導致(zhi)焦(jiao)(jiao)距不準。顯微鏡(jing)(jing)粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)構造中，齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松緊(jin)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)齒(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)(tao)與(yu)(yu)粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小來控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)軸與(yu)(yu)齒(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)由與(yu)(yu)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)軸連接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旅鈕(niu)(niu)通過兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)塑(su)料墊(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)緊(jin)壓在(zai)齒(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)(tao)端面(mian)上而取得(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。糧調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)或(huo)(huo)與(yu)(yu)齒(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)(tao)端面(mian)壓得(de)(de)(de)越緊(jin)，得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)就越大。鏡(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)自行(xing)下滑(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因是(shi)(shi)由于墊(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)日久，磨(mo)損變形，導致(zhi)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)軸與(yu)(yu)齒(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)減少，齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)軸與(yu)(yu)齒(chi)桿(gan)套(tao)(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)(li)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)矩克服不了(le)鏡(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)自身(shen)重力(li)(li)而產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)矩而引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。修理方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)，雙手各(ge)握一(yi)側粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)，相(xiang)對按照順時針方(fang)向(xiang)擰緊(jin)粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)。如(ru)果無效(xiao)，則(ze)需加(jia)厚墊(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)。用(yong)(yong)尖嘴鉗插入任(ren)一(yi)粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)端面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙眼(yan)螺母內(nei)，將(jiang)其旋(xuan)出，取下粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)，取出塑(su)料墊(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，用(yong)(yong)青殼紙或(huo)(huo)薄(bo)塑(su)料片剪(jian)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)直徑相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墊(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，夾在(zai)原墊(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)(yu)粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)之(zhi)間(jian)，重新裝好，如(ru)果轉(zhuan)動粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)(niu)很費力(li)(li)，說明墊(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)加(jia)得(de)(de)(de)太厚了(le)，應換個(ge)(ge)薄(bo)些的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墊(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，總之(zhi)以轉(zhuan)動粗(cu)(cu)調(diao)(diao)旋(xuan)或(huo)(huo)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)力(li)(li)又(you)要鏡(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)不易自行(xing)下滑(hua)為準。

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三、集光器不能定位或卡死

常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)集光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器有二種(zhong)：一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)圓(yuan)盤或(huo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)欄(lan)，在(zai)圓(yuan)盤卜有大小(xiao)(xiao)不等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)孔(kong)。這種(zhong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)欄(lan)是(shi)(shi)依靠(kao)載物臺下面的(de)(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)(wei)(wei)彈(dan)簧(huang)和滾(gun)珠卡在(zai)圓(yuan)盤的(de)(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)中來(lai)定位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。當滾(gun)珠遺失或(huo)彈(dan)簧(huang)失效時(shi)都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)造成(cheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柱(zhu)(zhu)不能(neng)(neng)定位(wei)(wei)(wei)。修(xiu)理方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)更(geng)換滾(gun)珠或(huo)彈(dan)簧(huang)。現(xian)在(zai)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)廠家已經把(ba)這種(zhong)依靠(kao)彈(dan)簧(huang)和滾(gun)珠的(de)(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)改為依靠(kao)彈(dan)來(lai)定位(wei)(wei)(wei)，這種(zhong)結構(gou)更(geng)牢固(gu)，更(geng)不容易損壞。另一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)彩虹(hong)式光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柱(zhu)(zhu)，它是(shi)(shi)由(you)十(shi)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)圓(yuan)弧形(xing)薄鋼片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)（即(ji)遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)）組成(cheng)。只要(yao)撥動(dong)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)權上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手柄(bing)(bing)，就可(ke)以任意(yi)(yi)改變光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)。其(qi)(qi)常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)是(shi)(shi)遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)鋼柱(zhu)(zhu)脫(tuo)(tuo)落，造成(cheng)手柄(bing)(bing)卡死，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)圈無法(fa)(fa)改變。修(xiu)理方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)，用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)螺(luo)絲刀把(ba)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)欄(lan)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二個(ge)(ge)固(gu)定螺(luo)釘松(song)開，取出遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，把(ba)脫(tuo)(tuo)落的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)銅柱(zhu)(zhu)重新裝在(zai)遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)，并用(yong)502膠水把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)銅柱(zhu)(zhu)膠牢，防止其(qi)(qi)再脫(tuo)(tuo)落。安裝時(shi)要(yao)注意(yi)(yi)，每(mei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)銅柱(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向要(yao)相反(fan)。或(huo)者找(zhao)一(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)段粗(cu)細和這光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)徑(jing)配合(he)緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅導(dao)線制作成(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)銅柱(zhu)(zhu)裝上(shang)(shang)，然后把(ba)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)欄(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)底板(ban)（帶有十(shi)二個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)板(ban)叫底板(ban)）朝上(shang)(shang)，把(ba)每(mei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)～端的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)銅柱(zhu)(zhu)插在(zai)底板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)孔(kong)內，并按逆時(shi)外方(fang)(fang)(fang)向逐片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)排(pai)列整(zheng)齊。再讓(rang)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)槽(cao)依次套在(zai)上(shang)(shang)述遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)另一(yi)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)銅柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)，蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)蓋(gai)板(ban)，把(ba)三個(ge)(ge)固(gu)定螺(luo)釘擰緊即(ji)可(ke)，如果遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)斷(duan)裂一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，只要(yao)把(ba)斷(duan)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)取出光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)欄(lan)仍可(ke)以正常(chang)使用(yong)，斷(duan)裂兩片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)以上(shang)(shang)應向生產廠家購買更(geng)換。

四、傾斜關節過松

傾(qing)(qing)斜關(guan)節(jie)是指鏡(jing)臂(bei)與鏡(jing)柱連接處的活(huo)動(dong)關(guan)節(jie)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)顯微(wei)鏡(jing)時，常將(jiang)(jiang)鏡(jing)臂(bei)向后(hou)傾(qing)(qing)斜成便(bian)于觀察(cha)的角度，期使(shi)(shi)用(yong)后(hou)，傾(qing)(qing)斜關(guan)節(jie)就可能(neng)松(song)動(dong)，造成鏡(jing)臂(bei)不能(neng)隨(sui)意(yi)傾(qing)(qing)斜。修理辦(ban)法是，是尖嘴(zui)鉗分(fen)別插入傾(qing)(qing)斜關(guan)節(jie)端面的二個雙(shuang)眼(yan)螺母內，順時針旋轉，直至鏡(jing)臂(bei)傾(qing)(qing)斜時松(song)緊適度。如果無效，則可能(neng)是鏡(jing)臂(bei)與鏡(jing)柱兩(liang)端面的摩擦(ca)墊圈(quan)磨損，需加厚墊圈(quan)，用(yong)尖嘴(zui)銷將(jiang)(jiang)雙(shuang)眼(yan)螺母旋下，取出轉動(dong)軸，用(yong)青(qing)殼紙或薄塑料片剪(jian)一個直徑相同的奎圖將(jiang)(jiang)原墊圈(quan)加厚，重新組(zu)裝好。

五、反光鏡的插腳在插座內過松或過緊

反光鏡插腳結構常見有二種：一種是在插腳上開條槽，依靠槽的寬窄來調節插腳在插座中的松緊一輸腳在插座中過松時，可用一字螺絲刀插(cha)(cha)(cha)入插(cha)(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)(jiao)的槽內，使槽的開(kai)(kai)口增大(da)，從而使插(cha)(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)插(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)內的松緊(jin)合適(shi)。反(fan)之(zhi)，當(dang)插(cha)(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)(jiao)過(guo)緊(jin)，可用(yong)鋼(gang)絲鉗(qian)把插(cha)(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)(jiao)上槽的開(kai)(kai)口收(shou)小。另一種是(shi)依(yi)靠止緊(jin)螺(luo)(luo)釘來(lai)調節(jie)插(cha)(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)插(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)內牙將緊(jin)，當(dang)插(cha)(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)插(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)內過(guo)松時，可用(yong)螺(luo)(luo)絲刀(dao)擰(ning)緊(jin)止緊(jin)螺(luo)(luo)釘。如果(guo)插(cha)(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)插(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)內過(guo)緊(jin)，當(dang)轉動反(fan)光鏡時、易(yi)把插(cha)(cha)(cha)腳(jiao)(jiao)扭斷，可用(yong)螺(luo)(luo)絲刀(dao)把止緊(jin)螺(luo)(luo)釘擰(ning)松即可。