一、微音器電位是什么

耳(er)(er)(er)蝸微音(yin)(yin)器(qi)(qi)電位(wei)(wei)(wei)亦稱“耳(er)(er)(er)蝸微音(yin)(yin)器(qi)(qi)效應”、“耳(er)(er)(er)蝸電位(wei)(wei)(wei)”、“微音(yin)(yin)器(qi)(qi)電位(wei)(wei)(wei)”。一(yi)種感受器(qi)(qi)交流電位(wei)(wei)(wei)。耳蝸接受聲(sheng)音(yin)刺激(ji)時，像(xiang)微音(yin)器(qi)一樣(yang)，可(ke)將機械(xie)能(neng)的變化(hua)轉換(huan)為電(dian)能(neng)的電(dian)位(wei)變化(hua)。主要(yao)由柯蒂氏器(qi)外側毛細胞產(chan)生。在可(ke)聽范(fan)圍(wei)內，可(ke)如實再現刺激(ji)（甚(shen)至像(xiang)言語和(he)音(yin)樂這樣(yang)復雜的聲(sheng)刺激(ji)）的頻率(lv)和(he)波形。其(qi)幅值(zhi)至少(shao)在100分(fen)貝的動態范(fan)圍(wei)內是聲(sheng)壓的線性函(han)數，相當于聲(sheng)壓100萬(wan)倍的變化(hua)。在大(da)約0.005微伏時即可(ke)啟(qi)動。此電(dian)位(wei)最大(da)可(ke)達數毫伏，響應(ying)頻率(lv)在10000赫茲(zi)以上。

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二、微音器電位的特點

特(te)點：潛(qian)伏期短；無不(bu)應(ying)期；對(dui)(dui)缺(que)氧和深度麻(ma)醉相對(dui)(dui)不(bu)敏感；在聽神(shen)經變(bian)性時仍能出(chu)現(xian)。

三、微音器電位與耳蝸神經動作電位關系

微音器電(dian)位與耳蝸(gua)神(shen)經(jing)動作(zuo)電(dian)位雖緊密相聯，但來源不同。

微音器電(dian)(dian)位起源于毛(mao)(mao)細胞(bao)的表面，當引導電(dian)(dian)極越靠近毛(mao)(mao)細胞(bao)時，所記錄到的微音器電(dian)(dian)位越大(da)。它的發生與蓋膜(mo)和毛(mao)(mao)細胞(bao)之(zhi)間(jian)的相應(ying)位置移(yi)動有關。微音器電(dian)(dian)位是毛(mao)(mao)細胞(bao)接(jie)受(shou)聲波刺(ci)激而產(chan)生的感受(shou)器電(dian)(dian)位之(zhi)一。

此外還有總合電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，其閾值比微音器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高，等微音器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)增大到一(yi)定程度時才出現總合電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。總合電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也是毛細胞(bao)接受(shou)聲波刺激所(suo)產生的(de)一(yi)種感(gan)受(shou)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。聽神(shen)經(jing)上的(de)傳入沖動(dong)是由感(gan)受(shou)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)（微音器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和總合電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)）所(suo)啟(qi)動(dong)的(de)。在聽神(shen)經(jing)發生動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)前有興奮性突觸后電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)產生。