【濟寧天(tian)氣】濟寧氣候特點(dian) 濟寧地(di)理環境

濟寧氣候特點

地處暖溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)區。氣(qi)候(hou)具有四季(ji)分(fen)明、光照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)充足(zu)、雨熱(re)同季(ji)、降(jiang)水(shui)集中、干濕交替、無霜(shuang)期(qi)長、偶有災(zai)害的(de)特點。氣(qi)溫(wen)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均13．6℃。年(nian)(nian)內1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均-1．7℃，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱(re)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均26．8℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)較差10．2～11．5℃。不(bu)低(di)于(yu)0℃的(de)農耕期(qi)年(nian)(nian)均296天(tian)(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均積(ji)溫(wen)5076．7℃。不(bu)低(di)于(yu)10℃的(de)喜溫(wen)作物生(sheng)長期(qi)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均215天(tian)(tian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均活動積(ji)溫(wen)4571．9℃。低(di)于(yu)0℃的(de)越冬(dong)期(qi)約70天(tian)(tian)，負積(ji)溫(wen)117．5～172．5℃。降(jiang)水(shui)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雨量(liang)707．1毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨最(zui)(zui)(zui)多1394．8毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)少只(zhi)有285．6毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。夏(xia)季(ji)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均441．7毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，占年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)2．5％。冬(dong)季(ji)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)小，只(zhi)有27．8毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，僅占年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)4％。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)61～85天(tian)(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)初雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)早在11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬，終雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)晚在4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬。降(jiang)雪(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均為(wei)(wei)6．6～12天(tian)(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雪(xue)量(liang)20毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)多40～50毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)少不(bu)足(zu)0．5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)2406．8小時，年(nian)(nian)均2272．3小時。年(nian)(nian)內夏(xia)季(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長，冬(dong)季(ji)最(zui)(zui)(zui)短。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)長短的(de)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)際變化是6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)短。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)百分(fen)率為(wei)(wei)53～56％。霜(shuang)期(qi)，歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均初霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，終霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，無霜(shuang)期(qi)199天(tian)(tian)。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均土(tu)壤凍(dong)結日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬，解凍(dong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬，凍(dong)土(tu)期(qi)110大(da)，凍(dong)土(tu)深一般20～30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。

濟寧地理環境

1、位置境域

濟寧位于魯(lu)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)腹(fu)地，地處黃淮海平原與(yu)(yu)魯(lu)中(zhong)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地交(jiao)接地帶。東(dong)(dong)鄰(lin)臨(lin)沂地區，西(xi)與(yu)(yu)菏澤接壤，南(nan)(nan)面是(shi)棗莊市(shi)和江蘇(su)省徐州市(shi)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)面與(yu)(yu)泰安市(shi)交(jiao)界，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)角(jiao)隔黃河(he)與(yu)(yu)聊城市(shi)相(xiang)望。最北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)端是(shi)梁山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)小路口鎮(zhen)鄒橋村(cun)，為(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)緯(wei)35°57′；最南(nan)(nan)端是(shi)微山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)高樓鄉(xiang)，為(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)緯(wei)34°26′；最東(dong)(dong)端是(shi)泗水縣(xian)(xian)泉林鎮(zhen)，為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經(jing)117°36′；最西(xi)端是(shi)梁山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)黑虎廟(miao)鄉(xiang)高堂村(cun)，為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經(jing)115°52′；總(zong)面積11187平方公(gong)里；南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)167公(gong)里，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬158公(gong)里。

2、地形地貌

濟寧(ning)屬(shu)魯(lu)南(nan)泰沂(yi)低山(shan)丘陵與魯(lu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)黃淮海(hai)(hai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)交(jiao)接(jie)地(di)(di)帶，地(di)(di)質構造上屬(shu)華北地(di)(di)區(qu)魯(lu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)斷塊凹陷區(qu)。濟寧(ning)市地(di)(di)形以(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)洼地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，地(di)(di)勢(shi)東高西(xi)(xi)低，地(di)(di)貌較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)復(fu)雜。東部(bu)(bu)山(shan)巒綿亙，丘陵起伏。京滬鐵路以(yi)東，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)在50—100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上，比(bi)較(jiao)有名的(de)山(shan)有曲阜尼山(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)344米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)），鄒城嶧(yi)山(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)545米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)），鳳凰(huang)山(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)648.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)濟寧(ning)市最高山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)），泗水堯山(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)582米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)），老寨(zhai)山(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)532米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)）。各山(shan)之間分布有許多小型(xing)盆地(di)(di)和(he)谷(gu)地(di)(di)。南(nan)四(si)(si)湖(hu)以(yi)東部(bu)(bu)山(shan)麓為(wei)(wei)(wei)泰沂(yi)山(shan)前沖積(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)，自東向西(xi)(xi)傾斜(xie)(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)60-35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，地(di)(di)面(mian)起伏稍(shao)大(da)（地(di)(di)面(mian)坡降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1/1000—1/3000）；南(nan)四(si)(si)湖(hu)以(yi)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)較(jiao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)坦的(de)黃泛平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)，自西(xi)(xi)向東傾斜(xie)(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)39-34米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，起伏較(jiao)小（地(di)(di)面(mian)坡降(jiang)僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)1/5000—1/10000）。嘉祥(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)和(he)金鄉縣(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)北部(bu)(bu)，有零星孤(gu)山(shan)、殘丘出(chu)露，如(ru)孟(meng)良山(shan)（主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)243.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)嘉祥(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)最高山(shan)）、羊(yang)山(shan)等(deng)。中部(bu)(bu)有南(nan)四(si)(si)湖(hu)（微山(shan)湖(hu)、南(nan)陽湖(hu)、昭陽湖(hu)、獨山(shan)湖(hu)的(de)總稱(cheng)）貫穿(chuan)南(nan)北。地(di)(di)勢(shi)四(si)(si)周(zhou)高，中間低，如(ru)同一碟形盆地(di)(di)。最低湖(hu)底海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高度：上級(ji)湖(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)31.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)級(ji)湖(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。湖(hu)北為(wei)(wei)(wei)泰沂(yi)山(shan)前沖積(ji)扇(shan)下(xia)緣，自東北向西(xi)(xi)南(nan)傾斜(xie)(xie)，地(di)(di)面(mian)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)60-36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，起伏比(bi)較(jiao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)緩，地(di)(di)面(mian)坡降(jiang)1/3000-1/5000。汶上縣(xian)(xian)北部(bu)(bu)軍(jun)屯、白石一帶有孤(gu)山(shan)分布。

3、氣候

濟寧(ning)(ning)市位于東亞季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu)，屬(shu)暖溫帶季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，四季分明(ming)。夏季多偏南風(feng)，受熱帶海洋氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)或變性熱帶海洋氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)影響(xiang)(xiang)，高溫多雨；冬季多偏北(bei)風(feng)，受極(ji)地大陸氣(qi)(qi)團(tuan)影響(xiang)(xiang)，多晴(qing)寒天氣(qi)(qi)；春(chun)秋兩季為(wei)(wei)(wei)大氣(qi)(qi)環流(liu)調整時期，春(chun)季易(yi)旱多風(feng)，回暖較快；秋季涼爽，但(dan)時有(you)陰雨。具有(you)充(chong)裕的光能資源，是濟寧(ning)(ning)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)的突出特(te)點(dian)。濟寧(ning)(ning)市年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)13.3℃一(yi)14.1℃，平均(jun)無(wu)霜期為(wei)(wei)(wei)199天。年平均(jun)降水(shui)量在597—820毫(hao)米左(zuo)右

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