電梯變頻器工作原理

現在電梯都是用變頻器來控制(zhi)，當變頻(pin)器出(chu)故(gu)障就會給很多(duo)人帶來不便(bian)，如(ru)果維修人員能正確理解電梯(ti)變頻(pin)器原理，那么維修就得容易了。

VVVF 是 Variable Voltage and Variable Frequency 的縮寫，意為(wei)改變電壓和改變頻率，也就(jiu)是人們所說的變壓變頻。

CVCF 是 Constant Voltage and Constant Frequency 的(de)縮寫(xie)，意為恒(heng)電(dian)壓(ya)、恒(heng)頻率，也就是人們所說的(de)恒(heng)壓(ya)恒(heng)頻。

我(wo)們(men)使(shi)用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)分為(wei)(wei)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)(he)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，一般的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)大多(duo)是(shi)由交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通過變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波后得到的(de)(de)。交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)在人們(men)使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中占總使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)95％左(zuo)右。無論是(shi)用于(yu)(yu)家庭還是(shi)用于(yu)(yu)工廠(chang)，單(dan)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)(he)三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)均按各(ge)國的(de)(de)規定(ding)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)標(biao)準，如我(wo)國大陸規定(ding)，直(zhi)接用戶單(dan)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)220V，三(san)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)380V，頻(pin)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)50Hz，其(qi)它國家的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)可能于(yu)(yu)我(wo)國的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)不同，如有單(dan)相(xiang)100V/60Hz，三(san)相(xiang)200V/60Hz等(deng)等(deng)，標(biao)準的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)叫工頻(pin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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通(tong)常(chang)，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)工頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)裝置稱作“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器”。為了產(chan)生可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)，該設備首先要(yao)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換為直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC），這(zhe)個過(guo)程叫整流(liu)(liu)(liu)。把(ba)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC）變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（AC）的(de)(de)裝置，其科學術語(yu)為“inverter”(逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器)。一(yi)般逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器是(shi)把(ba)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)和(he)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。對于(yu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)可(ke)(ke)調、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)(ke)調的(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器我們稱為變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器。

變頻器輸出的波形是模擬正弦波，主要是用在三相異步電動機調速用，又叫變頻調速器。對于主要用在儀器儀表的(de)檢(jian)測設備(bei)中的(de)波(bo)形要(yao)求(qiu)較高的(de)可(ke)變頻(pin)率逆變器(qi)，要(yao)對波(bo)形進(jin)行整理，可(ke)以(yi)輸(shu)出標準的(de)正弦波(bo)，叫變頻(pin)電源。一般變頻(pin)電源是變頻(pin)器(qi)價格的(de)15－－20倍。由于(yu)變頻(pin)器(qi)設備(bei)中產生變化(hua)的(de)電壓(ya)或頻(pin)率的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)裝置叫“inverter”，故該產品本身就被命名為“inverter”，即(ji)：變頻(pin)器(qi)。

變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)也可用(yong)(yong)于家電(dian)(dian)(dian)產品(pin)。使用(yong)(yong)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)的(de)(de)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)產品(pin)中(zhong)，不僅有電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)（例如空調(diao)等），還有熒光燈等產品(pin)。用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)控制的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)，既(ji)可以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，又可以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)率。但用(yong)(yong)于熒光燈的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)率。汽車上使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)）產生交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)設備(bei)也以(yi)“inverter”的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)進行出(chu)售。變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)的(de)(de)工作原理被(bei)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于各個領域。例如計算機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在該項應用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)于抑制反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)(pin)率的(de)(de)波動及電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電梯變頻器維修與保養

1、電梯電氣(qi)室(shi)溫度不(bu)能太高，否則(ze)變頻器元件容易老化，最(zui)好裝(zhuang)有(you)空調，效果相當不(bu)錯(cuo)！

2、防止雨水淋濕(shi)，通常是在(zai)刮臺(tai)風時(shi)，窗門(men)被風吹壞而(er)使(shi)變頻器(qi)淋到雨水。

3、防雷電(dian)，這個(ge)就關系到整棟樓或整個(ge)小區防雷設施問(wen)題，被雷擊的變頻器(qi)一般損壞嚴重。

4、變頻器的散(san)熱風扇(shan)要定時清塵，發現其有響聲或不運轉就(jiu)要更換(huan)。

5、電梯(ti)電機有不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)常響(xiang)聲通常是變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)有問題，如電機三相(xiang)電流不(bu)(bu)平衡，這時(shi)最好(hao)就要(yao)維(wei)修(xiu)，等到變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)完全不(bu)(bu)行(xing)則(ze)損壞可能比較嚴(yan)重。如果自己(ji)沒有維(wei)修(xiu)經(jing)驗就不(bu)(bu)要(yao)自己(ji)維(wei)修(xiu)，避免把變(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)弄得更壞。