矢量變頻器工作原理

矢(shi)量(liang)變頻(pin)器的(de)原理是(shi)矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)制技術通過坐標變換，將三相(xiang)(xiang)系統(tong)(tong)等(deng)效(xiao)變換為(wei)M-T兩(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)系統(tong)(tong)，將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)機定(ding)子(zi)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量(liang)分解(jie)成兩(liang)個直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分量(liang)，從而達到分別(bie)控(kong)制交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)動機的(de)磁通和轉矩的(de)目(mu)的(de)，因而可獲得(de)與(yu)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)調(diao)速系統(tong)(tong)同(tong)樣好的(de)控(kong)制效(xiao)果。

通過矢量(liang)(liang)運算器產生磁場定(ding)(ding)向定(ding)(ding)子電流分量(liang)(liang)，給定(ding)(ding)值和滑(hua)差角頻度給定(ding)(ding)值和測量(liang)(liang)所得(de)的電機轉(zhuan)速，經過積分運算可得(de)轉(zhuan)子磁通位(wei)置(zhi)角θ，并送至旋轉(zhuan)變換(huan)環節。

矢(shi)量(liang)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)組成(cheng)：基于雙DSP矢(shi)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)的三(san)相籠(long)型(xing)異(yi)步(bu)電機(ji)驅(qu)動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)采用(yong)(yong)交直交電壓(ya)型(xing)結構和SVPWM脈(mo)寬調(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)方式。矢(shi)量(liang)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由三(san)相整流器(qi)、濾波(bo)電容(rong)、電壓(ya)型(xing)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)、逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)驅(qu)動電路、三(san)相籠(long)型(xing)異(yi)步(bu)電機(ji)和雙DSP控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)構成(cheng)。其中雙DSP控制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由VC33子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，F240子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和數據交換單元三(san)部分(fen)構成(cheng)。矢(shi)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)VC33芯片為核心(xin)，用(yong)(yong)來完(wan)成(cheng)矢(shi)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)核心(xin)算法，及兩相電流檢測(ce)。

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矢量變頻器和普通變頻器的區別

變頻器(qi)有通用(yong)型變頻器(qi)和(he)矢(shi)量型變頻器(qi)兩(liang)種(zhong)，不過這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)變頻器(qi)雖然都可以使用(yong)，但(dan)是(shi)這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)變頻器(qi)還(huan)是(shi)有區(qu)別的，看了下(xia)面的分析就(jiu)明白(bai)矢(shi)量變頻器(qi)為什么價格比通用(yong)變頻器(qi)價格高(gao)了。

矢量變頻器跟普通變頻主要有兩種區別：一(yi)是(shi)控制精度高，二就是(shi)低(di)轉(zhuan)速輸出轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)大。可以輸出額定轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)150%-200%的轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)。因為矢量變(bian)頻(pin)是(shi)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分(fen)(fen)解為D軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和Q軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，其中D軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，Q軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是(shi)力矩(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。通過把D和Q分(fen)(fen)開控制，可使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機得(de)到(dao)更大的啟動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)。一(yi)般應用在(zai)重(zhong)負載啟動(dong)(dong)的場合。例如大功率的長(chang)皮帶，和提升(sheng)機等(deng)等(deng)。而此時選(xuan)用普通變(bian)頻(pin)器由于在(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)時負載太重(zhong)，輸出轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)不夠，會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機啟動(dong)(dong)不了，而報電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機堵轉(zhuan)或者變(bian)頻(pin)器過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)等(deng)故障(zhang)。

對于普通水泵的(de)控制選用風機水泵專用型(xing)或者通用型(xing)的(de)就可以(yi)，沒必要選矢(shi)量(liang)，價格高。關于參數設置(zhi)都大(da)同小異(yi)。沒什么主要的(de)區別。

用開車(che)來打比方，大家知(zhi)道：矢量控制又稱為‘速度控制’，從字面上就可(ke)以看出幾分區別(bie)。

V/F控制方式：就像開(kai)車(che)時(shi)(shi)你(ni)(ni)腳(jiao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)油門開(kai)度(du)是(shi)保(bao)持(chi)不變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)，而這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)車(che)子的(de)(de)速度(du)肯定(ding)是(shi)在(zai)變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)！因(yin)為車(che)子行走的(de)(de)道(dao)路是(shi)不平的(de)(de)，道(dao)路的(de)(de)阻力(li)也是(shi)在(zai)變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)坡時(shi)(shi)速度(du)就會慢下來，下坡時(shi)(shi)速度(du)就會加快(kuai)。對變(bian)(bian)頻器來說，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)頻率設定(ding)值就是(shi)相當于(yu)你(ni)(ni)開(kai)車(che)時(shi)(shi)腳(jiao)上(shang)(shang)油門的(de)(de)開(kai)度(du)，V/F控制時(shi)(shi)油門開(kai)度(du)是(shi)固定(ding)的(de)(de)。

矢量(liang)控制方式：可以控制車子在路(lu)況(kuang)變化、阻(zu)(zu)力(li)變化、上坡、下(xia)(xia)(xia)坡等變化情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，盡量(liang)讓車速(su)保持恒定不(bu)變，提高速(su)度控制精度。那(nei)么，要想在無(wu)論上坡、下(xia)(xia)(xia)坡、路(lu)況(kuang)阻(zu)(zu)力(li)變化的情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，都讓車速(su)穩定不(bu)變，油門開(kai)度肯定要隨時(shi)調節。