矢量變頻器工作原理

矢(shi)量變(bian)頻(pin)器的原(yuan)理是矢(shi)量控(kong)制技(ji)術通過坐標變(bian)換，將三(san)相系統(tong)等效變(bian)換為M-T兩(liang)相系統(tong)，將交(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)定子電(dian)(dian)流矢(shi)量分解成(cheng)兩(liang)個直流分量，從而達到(dao)分別控(kong)制交(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)的磁通和轉(zhuan)矩(ju)的目的，因而可獲得與直流調速系統(tong)同(tong)樣好的控(kong)制效果(guo)。

通過矢(shi)量運(yun)算器產生磁場定(ding)(ding)向定(ding)(ding)子電流(liu)分(fen)量，給定(ding)(ding)值和滑差角(jiao)頻度給定(ding)(ding)值和測量所得(de)的電機轉(zhuan)速，經過積分(fen)運(yun)算可得(de)轉(zhuan)子磁通位置角(jiao)θ，并送至旋轉(zhuan)變換環節。

矢(shi)量變頻器的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)組成(cheng)：基于雙DSP矢(shi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)三(san)相籠(long)型(xing)異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)變頻器采用(yong)交直交電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)結構和(he)SVPWM脈寬(kuan)調制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式。矢(shi)量變頻器系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由三(san)相整流器、濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)逆(ni)變器、逆(ni)變器驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)路、三(san)相籠(long)型(xing)異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)機和(he)雙DSP控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)構成(cheng)。其(qi)中雙DSP控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由VC33子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，F240子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)數(shu)據交換單(dan)元三(san)部分構成(cheng)。矢(shi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)VC33芯片為核心(xin)，用(yong)來完成(cheng)矢(shi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心(xin)算法，及(ji)兩相電(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢測。

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矢量變頻器和普通變頻器的區別

變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)有通用(yong)型變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)和矢(shi)量(liang)型變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)兩(liang)種(zhong)，不過這兩(liang)種(zhong)變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)雖然都可以(yi)使用(yong)，但是這兩(liang)種(zhong)變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)還是有區別的，看了下(xia)面的分析就(jiu)明白(bai)矢(shi)量(liang)變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)為什么價格比通用(yong)變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)價格高了。

矢量變頻器跟普通變頻主要有兩種區別：一是(shi)控制精度(du)高，二就是(shi)低轉(zhuan)速(su)輸出(chu)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)大。可(ke)以輸出(chu)額定轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)150%-200%的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)。因為矢量變(bian)頻是(shi)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流分解為D軸電(dian)(dian)流和Q軸電(dian)(dian)流，其(qi)中(zhong)D軸電(dian)(dian)流是(shi)勵磁電(dian)(dian)流，Q軸電(dian)(dian)流是(shi)力矩(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)流。通過(guo)把(ba)D和Q分開控制，可(ke)使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)得到更大的(de)(de)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)。一般應用在(zai)重負載(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)的(de)(de)場合。例如(ru)大功率(lv)的(de)(de)長皮帶，和提升機(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。而(er)此時選用普通變(bian)頻器由于在(zai)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)時負載(zai)太重，輸出(chu)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)不夠，會使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)不了，而(er)報電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)堵轉(zhuan)或者變(bian)頻器過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流等(deng)(deng)故障。

對于普通水泵(beng)的(de)控制選用風機(ji)水泵(beng)專(zhuan)用型(xing)或者通用型(xing)的(de)就可以，沒必要選矢量，價格(ge)高。關于參數設(she)置都大同小(xiao)異。沒什么主要的(de)區(qu)別。

用(yong)開車來打比方(fang)，大家知(zhi)道：矢量(liang)控制又稱(cheng)為(wei)‘速(su)度控制’，從字面上就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)幾分區別(bie)。

V/F控(kong)制方式：就(jiu)像開(kai)車(che)時(shi)(shi)你(ni)腳上(shang)的(de)(de)油門開(kai)度(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保持不變(bian)的(de)(de)，而這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)車(che)子的(de)(de)速(su)度(du)肯定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在變(bian)化的(de)(de)！因(yin)為車(che)子行走的(de)(de)道路(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不平的(de)(de)，道路(lu)的(de)(de)阻力(li)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在變(bian)化的(de)(de)，上(shang)坡(po)時(shi)(shi)速(su)度(du)就(jiu)會(hui)慢下(xia)來(lai)，下(xia)坡(po)時(shi)(shi)速(su)度(du)就(jiu)會(hui)加(jia)快(kuai)。對變(bian)頻(pin)器來(lai)說(shuo)，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)你(ni)的(de)(de)頻(pin)率設定值(zhi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)當于你(ni)開(kai)車(che)時(shi)(shi)腳上(shang)油門的(de)(de)開(kai)度(du)，V/F控(kong)制時(shi)(shi)油門開(kai)度(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)固定的(de)(de)。

矢量控制(zhi)方(fang)式：可以(yi)控制(zhi)車(che)子在(zai)路況(kuang)變(bian)化、阻力變(bian)化、上(shang)坡(po)、下(xia)(xia)坡(po)等(deng)變(bian)化情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，盡量讓車(che)速保持恒(heng)定不變(bian)，提(ti)高速度控制(zhi)精(jing)度。那么，要想在(zai)無論上(shang)坡(po)、下(xia)(xia)坡(po)、路況(kuang)阻力變(bian)化的情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，都讓車(che)速穩定不變(bian)，油門開度肯定要隨時調節。