隨著(zhu)科學技術的(de)(de)發展，現(xian)在鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)類(lei)(lei)產品(pin)已經成(cheng)為了(le)主流(liu)。鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)是一(yi)類(lei)(lei)由鋰(li)(li)金(jin)屬或鋰(li)(li)合金(jin)為負極材(cai)，使用(yong)非水電解(jie)質(zhi)溶液(ye)制(zhi)作(zuo)而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)電池(chi)，大致(zhi)可分為鋰(li)(li)金(jin)屬電池(chi)和鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電池(chi)這兩種類(lei)(lei)別(bie)。在文獻和現(xian)實生活中，鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)和鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電池(chi)是互(hu)相區別(bie)而(er)又有繼承和發展關系的(de)(de)一(yi)對概念(nian)，而(er)隨著(zhu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電池(chi)的(de)(de)運用(yong)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣泛，人們便普遍將鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電池(chi)稱為鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)。

鋰(li)金(jin)(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)早于1912年出(chu)并研究，也(ye)可稱為鋰(li)原(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，它是一(yi)種一(yi)次性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，主(zhu)要有鋰(li)錳，鋰(li)鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等等。鋰(li)金(jin)(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以(yi)連續(xu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也(ye)可以(yi)間歇放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)耗盡便不(bu)能(neng)再(zai)用，不(bu)可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極容(rong)易(yi)引起爆炸。

鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)(shi)指以兩種不同的(de)(de)，能夠可(ke)逆(ni)的(de)(de)，嵌入(ru)和(he)(he)脫嵌鋰(li)離子的(de)(de)嵌鋰(li)化(hua)合(he)物分別作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)池正極和(he)(he)負極的(de)(de)二次電(dian)(dian)池體系，鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)循環充電(dian)(dian)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池和(he)(he)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)相同點是(shi)(shi)在正極和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質上(shang)，兩種電(dian)(dian)池都采用金(jin)屬氧化(hua)物和(he)(he)硫化(hua)物作(zuo)為正極，而以有機(ji)溶劑或無(wu)機(ji)鹽體系作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質。

一、新電池充電

新電池(chi)一般要激(ji)活，電池(chi)放置一段(duan)時間后，會(hui)進入(ru)休(xiu)眠狀(zhuang)態，此時容(rong)量低于正常值，使用時間亦隨(sui)之縮(suo)短，因(yin)此需要激(ji)活。鋰電池(chi)激(ji)活方法非(fei)常簡(jian)單，只要經(jing)過3—5次正常的(de)充放電循環就可(ke)激(ji)活電池(chi)，恢復正常容(rong)量。

二、舊電池(chi)充電

1、充電方法

舊電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)指已經充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池，而(er)不(bu)是(shi)報廢的(de)電(dian)(dian)池。鋰電(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命與充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)次(ci)(ci)(ci)數(shu)無關，它(ta)沒有記憶效應，不(bu)論(lun)你(ni)怎么充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，都不(bu)會(hui)影響充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環次(ci)(ci)(ci)數(shu)。因此不(bu)要把電(dian)(dian)池用到完(wan)全沒電(dian)(dian)才(cai)去充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最好是(shi)當你(ni)能充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，就盡量把電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)飽，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間以2-3小時以內為宜，當然你(ni)也不(bu)一定非(fei)要充(chong)(chong)滿。

2、充電電壓

鋰電(dian)池安全(quan)工(gong)作電(dian)壓(ya)范圍是(shi)2.8到4.2V，低于(yu)或高于(yu)這個電(dian)壓(ya)范圍，電(dian)池中的鋰離(li)子變得(de)非(fei)常不(bu)穩定，甚至造成事故(gu)。為保證電(dian)池處于(yu)安全(quan)范圍，因此需要專門(men)的充電(dian)器。這些(xie)充電(dian)器會自(zi)動(dong)根(gen)據電(dian)池當前狀態而調整充電(dian)方式。

3、充電工具

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要用專(zhuan)用的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，它可以保障(zhang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)安全性。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作(zuo)時，以恒(heng)定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)升高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器同時提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以加(jia)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池到達4.2V截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時候，此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池大約僅(jin)沖入70%左右的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)（并未飽滿）。此時充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器即(ji)以恒(heng)定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，逐(zhu)漸變小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當值至(zhi)小于0.1A充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然(ran)檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓繼續升高(gao)時候才停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、定期充電

長期不用的鋰電池，應該以半電狀態，存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險，且電池會有損害，而無電存放，電池可能會被破壞，從而失去作用。在存放過程中，每隔3--6個月，要完成一個充電周期，做一次電量校準。【詳細>>】

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池一(yi)般能夠(gou)完全充(chong)放300-500個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期(qi)(qi)，超過這(zhe)個(ge)次(ci)數，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池就(jiu)不能用了，當然，這(zhe)只(zhi)能作為參考。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數無關，與充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的周期(qi)(qi)有關，也就(jiu)是從零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)充(chong)到(dao)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的次(ci)數。一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期(qi)(qi)意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)由滿用到(dao)空，再由空充(chong)到(dao)滿的過程，這(zhe)并不等(deng)同于充(chong)一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。比如(ru)說，一(yi)塊鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在第一(yi)天只(zhi)用了一(yi)半的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，然后又為它(ta)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果第二天還如(ru)此(ci)，即用一(yi)半就(jiu)充(chong)，總共兩次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下來，這(zhe)只(zhi)能算作一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期(qi)(qi)，而不是兩個(ge)。

在日常生活中，通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期，電池容量就會減少一點。不過，這個電量減少幅度非常小，高品質的電池充過多次周期后，仍然會保留原始容量的80%，很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然，鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳(xiang)細>>】

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可能會(hui)(hui)爆炸，其(qi)爆炸原因有很多，可大致歸類為外部短(duan)路(lu)、內部短(duan)路(lu)、及過充(chong)三種。正常情(qing)況下，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)兩(liang)極本身是絕對不會(hui)(hui)接(jie)觸的(de)，因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)廠商會(hui)(hui)在(zai)兩(liang)極之間放置隔(ge)膜。

質量(liang)好的(de)隔(ge)膜(mo)紙，在(zai)電池內部溫度較高時，會將(jiang)細(xi)孔關閉(bi)，將(jiang)電化(hua)學反(fan)應終止(zhi)，使(shi)電流驟降，溫度也慢慢下(xia)降，從而(er)(er)避免爆(bao)炸(zha)發(fa)生。但如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)各種因(yin)素的(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)，導致隔(ge)膜(mo)破裂，那么電池里所(suo)有的(de)能量(liang)都會涌向電解(jie)液，而(er)(er)電解(jie)液本身(shen)就是一種不(bu)太穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)化(hua)學物質，承受太多能量(liang)之后，就大量(liang)發(fa)熱(re)，乃(nai)至起(qi)火爆(bao)炸(zha)。

鋰(li)電池優點

1、鋰(li)電池電壓平臺高，單體電池的平均(jun)電壓為3.7V或3.2V，約等(deng)于3只鎳(nie)鎘電池或鎳(nie)氫電池的串聯電壓，便(bian)于組成電池電源組。

2、相對電(dian)(dian)池而言鋰電(dian)(dian)池能(neng)量(liang)密度(du)高(gao)。具有高(gao)儲存能(neng)量(liang)密度(du)，目前已達到(dao)460-600Wh/kg，是鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池的約6-7倍(bei)。

3、相對鉛酸電池而言(yan)鋰電池重量輕，相同體(ti)積下(xia)重量約為鉛酸產品的1/5-6。

4、鋰(li)電池使(shi)用壽(shou)命相對較長，使(shi)用壽(shou)命可達(da)到6年以(yi)上，磷酸(suan)亞鐵鋰(li)為正極的電池用1CDOD充放(fang)，有可以(yi)使(shi)用1000次的記錄。

5、具備高功率承(cheng)受(shou)力(li)，其中電(dian)動(dong)汽車用的磷(lin)酸亞鐵鋰鋰離子電(dian)池可以達到15-30C充放電(dian)的能力(li)，便于(yu)高強度的啟動(dong)加速。

6、自放電(dian)率低，無(wu)記(ji)憶效應，常(chang)(chang)應用于日常(chang)(chang)電(dian)子產品供電(dian)。

7、鋰電池高低溫適(shi)應(ying)性強(qiang)，可以在-20℃--60℃的環(huan)境下使(shi)用，經過工藝(yi)上的處理，可以在-45℃環(huan)境下使(shi)用。

8、綠色環保，不論生產、使用和(he)報(bao)廢，都不含(han)有、也(ye)不產生任(ren)何(he)鉛、汞、鎘等有毒(du)有害重金屬元(yuan)素和(he)物質。

鋰電池(chi)的缺(que)點

1、鋰電池均(jun)存(cun)在(zai)安全性差，有發生爆炸(zha)的危(wei)險。

2、鈷酸鋰(li)材(cai)料的鋰(li)電池不能大電流(liu)放電，安(an)全性較(jiao)差。

3、鋰電池均需保護線路，防止電池被過充過放(fang)電。

4、生產要求條件高，成本高。【詳細>>】

1、鋰(li)電(dian)池應(ying)儲存(cun)在陰涼、干燥、安全的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境，它(ta)可儲存(cun)在溫度(du)為-5～35℃，相對濕度(du)不大(da)于(yu)75%的(de)(de)(de)清潔(jie)、干燥、通風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中。注意在較熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中存(cun)放(fang)電(dian)池，會不可避免的(de)(de)(de)對電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)質量造成(cheng)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞。

2、避(bi)免(mian)將鋰電(dian)池(chi)靠近熱源、明火、易燃易爆氣體、液(ye)體，這樣(yang)可能導致電(dian)池(chi)泄露、發熱、冒煙(yan)、火災以及爆炸。

3、鋰電(dian)池(chi)如需(xu)長時(shi)間儲存（超過一個(ge)月(yue)），電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量(liang)應保(bao)持標(biao)稱容量(liang)的30%～50%，儲存時(shi)每月(yue)需(xu)對電(dian)池(chi)進行補充電(dian)1—2小時(shi)。

4、電(dian)池應包裝(zhuang)成箱進(jin)行運輸(shu)，在運輸(shu)過程中應防(fang)止劇烈振動、撞擊(ji)或擠壓，防(fang)止日曬雨淋(lin)，可(ke)使用汽車(che)、火(huo)車(che)、輪船、飛機等交(jiao)通工具進(jin)行運輸(shu)。

5、鋰(li)電(dian)池存儲(chu)過程(cheng)中應(ying)避免金屬物體進入(ru)電(dian)池箱，這可能導致電(dian)池產生泄露、發熱、冒煙、火(huo)災以及爆炸。

6、如果在高于規定(ding)的(de)(de)操作溫(wen)度，即35°C以(yi)上的(de)(de)環(huan)境中使用(yong)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量將會不斷的(de)(de)減少(shao)。如果在這樣(yang)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度下，還要為鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，那對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)損(sun)傷將更大(da)。所(suo)以(yi)，盡(jin)量保持在適(shi)宜的(de)(de)操作溫(wen)度是延長鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)壽命的(de)(de)好方法。

7、要(yao)想發揮鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)最大效能(neng)，就需要(yao)經(jing)常用它，讓鋰電(dian)內的(de)電(dian)子(zi)始終(zhong)處于流動狀(zhuang)態。如(ru)果不經(jing)常使用鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，請一(yi)(yi)定記(ji)得(de)每月給鋰電(dian)完(wan)成一(yi)(yi)個充電(dian)周期，做一(yi)(yi)次(ci)電(dian)量校(xiao)準，即(ji)深(shen)(shen)放深(shen)(shen)充一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。

8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處，只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時，才有深放深充的必要。所以，使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程，一切以方便為先，隨時充電，不必擔心影響壽命。【詳細>>】

1、看外觀

看外觀(guan)是指看鋰(li)電池的外觀(guan)，做工，大小和(he)工藝。看外殼接(jie)縫線寬(kuan)(kuan)不寬(kuan)(kuan)，是否有毛刺，有沒(mei)有油漬，摸起來手(shou)感(gan)好(hao)不好(hao)，先進的工藝都是手(shou)感(gan)很(hen)舒服的，經過打磨，橡(xiang)膠(jiao)油拋光(guang)材料(liao)既手(shou)感(gan)好(hao)，同時絕緣性能也很(hen)強。

2、看(kan)是否明(ming)確標示容量(liang)

無明確標(biao)示容量(liang)的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)，很可能(neng)就是使(shi)用劣質電(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)或回(hui)收(shou)(shou)電(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)重新組裝的(de)垃(la)圾電(dian)池(chi)。市面上充斥著許多廉價的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)，就是使(shi)用回(hui)收(shou)(shou)電(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)或拆機(ji)電(dian)池(chi)芯(xin)做的(de)，價格雖然便(bian)宜，但是壽命短，品(pin)質不穩定(ding)，使(shi)用不慎可能(neng)會損壞設備，甚至發生爆炸。

3、看保護(hu)電路

鋰電池的(de)特(te)性決(jue)定了鋰電池一定要外(wai)(wai)加(jia)保(bao)護板(ban)，以(yi)防(fang)止鋰電池過(guo)充、過(guo)放及短路(lu)等情況的(de)發生(sheng)，不加(jia)保(bao)護板(ban)的(de)鋰電池會有(you)(you)(you)變形、漏(lou)液、爆炸(zha)的(de)危(wei)險。在激烈的(de)價格競爭下，各電池封裝(zhuang)廠尋求更低價位的(de)保(bao)護電路(lu)，或者根(gen)本省略了這個裝(zhuang)置，使得市面(mian)上(shang)充斥著有(you)(you)(you)爆炸(zha)危(wei)險的(de)鋰電池。當然，實際上(shang)消費者無(wu)法從外(wai)(wai)觀分辨(bian)出來是否(fou)有(you)(you)(you)保(bao)護電路(lu)板(ban)，因此最(zui)好選擇有(you)(you)(you)信譽(yu)的(de)商(shang)家購買。

4、看品牌

鋰電池的品牌很多，質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下，大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課，多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說，專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜，從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳(xiang)細>>】