紹興市2015年年底共有(you)(you)79個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),24個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道,2175 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun),514個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(社(she)區(qu))居民(min)(min)委員會(hui)(hui)。其中越城區(qu)有(you)(you)10個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道,251 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun),166個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(社(she)區(qu))居民(min)(min)委員會(hui)(hui);柯橋區(qu)有(you)(you)12個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道,250個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun),104個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(社(she)區(qu))居民(min)(min)委員會(hui)(hui);上虞(yu)區(qu)有(you)(you) 15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道,339個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun),109個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(社(she)區(qu))居民(min)(min)委員會(hui)(hui);諸(zhu)暨市有(you)(you) 23個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道,468個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun),74個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(社(she)區(qu))居民(min)(min)委員會(hui)(hui);嵊州市有(you)(you) 11個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道,452個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun),42個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(社(she)區(qu))居民(min)(min)委員會(hui)(hui);新(xin)昌縣(xian)有(you)(you)8 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道,415個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun),19 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(社(she)區(qu))居民(min)(min)委員會(hui)(hui)。與2014年相比,全市減(jian)少(shao)(shao)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun),減(jian)少(shao)(shao)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)居民(min)(min)委員會(hui)(hui),增加10個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)社(she)區(qu)。
紹(shao)興市位(wei)于(yu)浙江省中(zhong)北部、杭州(zhou)灣南(nan)岸(an)(an)。東(dong)連寧波市,南(nan)臨臺州(zhou)市和金(jin)華市,西接杭州(zhou)市,北隔錢塘江與(yu)嘉興市相望(wang),位(wei)于(yu)北緯 29°13′35″至30°17′30″、東(dong)經 119°53′03″至121°13′38″之間(jian),屬于(yu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣候,溫暖濕潤,四(si)季分明。全(quan)(quan)境域東(dong)西長(chang)130.4千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北寬118.1千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),海岸(an)(an)線長(chang)40千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),陸域總面積(ji)為(wei)(wei)8273.3平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),市區(qu)面積(ji)2942平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)。至2015年末(mo),全(quan)(quan)市建(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)面積(ji)為(wei)(wei)326.6平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),其中(zhong)市區(qu)建(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)面積(ji)209.1平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)。
紹興市全(quan)境(jing)處于浙(zhe)西山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵(ling)、浙(zhe)東丘(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和浙(zhe)北平原(yuan)(yuan)三大地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)單元(yuan)的(de)交(jiao)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢南高北低,形(xing)成群山(shan)(shan)(shan)環繞、盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)內含、平原(yuan)(yuan)集中(zhong)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)特征,地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)骨架呈“山(shan)(shan)(shan)”字形(xing)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)可概括為(wei)“四山(shan)(shan)(shan)三盆二(er)江一(yi)平原(yuan)(yuan)”,而(er)在面積(ji)分(fen)配(pei)上,則(ze)表現為(wei)“六山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)水三分(fen)田”,全(quan)境(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由西南向東北傾(qing)斜而(er)下,最高點為(wei)位于諸(zhu)暨(ji)(ji)境(jing)內海(hai)拔1194.6米的(de)會稽山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)主(zhu)峰東白山(shan)(shan)(shan),最低點為(wei)海(hai)拔僅3.1米的(de)諸(zhu)暨(ji)(ji)“湖田”地(di)(di)(di)(di)區,中(zhong)部(bu)多為(wei)海(hai)拔500米以下的(de)丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)。北部(bu)平原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)比較(jiao)(jiao)單調,但地(di)(di)(di)(di)下空間(jian)比較(jiao)(jiao)復雜,發育了分(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)復雜的(de)淤泥(ni)層、軟土層和硬土層,為(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表建(jian)筑提(ti)供了多樣的(de)建(jian)設(she)基礎。
市境地(di)處亞熱(re)帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣候區,季(ji)(ji)風(feng)顯著,四季(ji)(ji)分明,氣候溫(wen)(wen)和,濕(shi)潤多(duo)雨(yu)(yu)。但由于(yu)地(di)處中緯(wei)度,地(di)形較復雜,小(xiao)氣候差異明顯,災害(hai)性天氣頻繁。春(chun)季(ji)(ji),冬、夏季(ji)(ji)風(feng)交替(ti),太(tai)陽輻射增強,氣溫(wen)(wen)漸升(sheng),冷暖空氣活動頻繁,春(chun)雨(yu)(yu)連綿(mian),雨(yu)(yu)水增多(duo),風(feng)向多(duo)變,天氣變化(hua)大,常有倒(dao)春(chun)寒(han)、大風(feng)冰雹出現。梅(mei)雨(yu)(yu)季(ji)(ji)常年在6月中旬入(ru)梅(mei),7月上旬出梅(mei),雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)相對集中,常伴有暴雨(yu)(yu),引(yin)起洪澇災害(hai)。此時(shi),溫(wen)(wen)、濕(shi)同步增長。梅(mei)雨(yu)(yu)結束后就進入(ru)盛夏高溫(wen)(wen)季(ji)(ji)節,在西北太(tai)平(ping)洋副(fu)熱(re)帶高壓控制下,紹興市天氣晴熱(re)、溫(wen)(wen)度高、日(ri)照強、蒸(zheng)發(fa)大,常會(hui)引(yin)起干旱(伏旱)。
秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)季(ji),北方冷(leng)空氣逐漸影(ying)響(xiang),氣溫(wen)開始下(xia)降,常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)”一(yi)陣秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)雨(yu)(yu)一(yi)陣涼(liang)”。暑熱漸消(xiao),多數年份秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)高氣爽,”十月小陽春”,但常(chang)(chang)受(shou)臺風影(ying)響(xiang),狂風暴雨(yu)(yu),有些年也會出現(xian)”秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)拉撒”天(tian)氣,因此,秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)季(ji)也是(shi)第二雨(yu)(yu)季(ji)。冬季(ji)受(shou)冬季(ji)風控制,盛吹偏北風,寒冷(leng)、干燥(zao),天(tian)氣穩定(ding),是(shi)一(yi)年中溫(wen)度最低(di)、降水最少(shao)的季(ji)節(jie)。
紹興市在氣候分帶(dai)(dai)上(shang)處于(yu)亞熱帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)北緣,在生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)分布上(shang)處于(yu)靠近古(gu)北界(jie)的(de)(de)東洋界(jie),產于(yu)古(gu)北界(jie)和東洋界(jie)的(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu),都有(you)可能(neng)生(sheng)存。加上(shang)紹興地質結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)高(gao)度碎片(pian)化和多(duo)樣性,造成了較(jiao)為復雜(za)的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)多(duo)樣性背景,為生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性提(ti)供了良好的(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)環境。據有(you)關專業部門不完全調查,紹興市境內已確定存在的(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)中,有(you)原核生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)界(jie)的(de)(de)藍藻(zao)門生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)38種(zhong)(zhong),原生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)界(jie)的(de)(de)藻(zao)類和原生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)453種(zhong)(zhong),真菌界(jie)176種(zhong)(zhong),地衣18種(zhong)(zhong),植物(wu)(wu)界(jie)2537 種(zhong)(zhong),動物(wu)(wu)界(jie)2450種(zhong)(zhong)。總(zong)計5672種(zhong)(zhong)。
香(xiang)榧(fei)(fei)(fei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)常(chang)綠(lv)(lv)大喬木(mu),是我國特有(you)的第(di)三(san)紀(ji)孑遺植物,國家二級保護樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)姿雄偉,樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)端正,為(wei)(wei)優(you)良的園林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)。榧(fei)(fei)(fei)材紋理直,結構細,具芳香(xiang),不翹不裂,耐(nai)腐耐(nai)磨,為(wei)(wei)優(you)良用(yong)材。香(xiang)榧(fei)(fei)(fei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是經人(ren)工(gong)嫁接培育(yu)的優(you)良品種(zhong),是紹(shao)興勞動人(ren)民(min)的智慧結晶(jing)。香(xiang)榧(fei)(fei)(fei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是搖錢樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),2013年紹(shao)興市(shi)有(you)香(xiang)榧(fei)(fei)(fei)面積26.7萬畝,產量230.5萬公(gong)斤,產值4.4億元。香(xiang)榧(fei)(fei)(fei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是長壽(shou)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),全(quan)市(shi)現有(you)千年以上(shang)(shang)的古香(xiang)榧(fei)(fei)(fei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4500多株。紹(shao)興市(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)歷經5個多月(yue)的評選后,塵埃落(luo)定(ding),香(xiang)榧(fei)(fei)(fei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以占有(you)效票數(shu)的56.2%當(dang)選。于(yu)2014年10月(yue)28日(ri)召開(kai)的紹(shao)興市(shi)七屆人(ren)大常(chang)委會第(di)19次會議上(shang)(shang),正式被確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)“紹(shao)興市(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”。
紹興(xing)市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)是蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua),1984年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)22日(ri),紹興(xing)市(shi)(shi)第一屆人(ren)民代表大會(hui)常務(wu)委員會(hui)第二次(ci)會(hui)議通過決議,確定蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)紹興(xing)市(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。1988年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian),紹興(xing)的蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)在全國(guo)(guo)三(san)屆蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)博覽會(hui)、兩次(ci)全國(guo)(guo)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)覽會(hui)上共獲得(de)金牌13塊、銀(yin)牌27塊,并獲得(de)優秀品種獎(jiang)(jiang)牌10塊,栽培獎(jiang)(jiang)牌3塊,科技(ji)獎(jiang)(jiang)牌1塊。老一輩無產階級革命家朱德同志曾與紹興(xing)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)農交流養蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)經驗(yan),紹興(xing)還(huan)有專門的花(hua)(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)。1991年(nian)(nian),在全國(guo)(guo)春季蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)開幕式上,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)學會(hui)名譽(yu)理事長吳應祥教授在講(jiang)話中(zhong)稱:紹興(xing)----中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的故鄉。
南宋高宗趙(zhao)構(gou)取(qu)“紹奕世之宏休,興(xing)百(bai)年之丕緒”之意(yi),于(yu)建(jian)炎(yan)五年(1131)改(gai)元紹興(xing),升越州為紹興(xing)府,是為紹興(xing)名稱之由來,并沿用至今。
紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)從新(xin)石器時代(dai)中期的小(xiao)黃山文化開始,至今已有約 9000年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)。越(yue)國(guo)古都建(jian)(jian)于公元(yuan)前 490年(nian)(nian),距今已有2500多年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)城史(shi)。春秋(qiu)時期,於越(yue)民族以今紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶為中心建(jian)(jian)立越(yue)國(guo),成(cheng)為春秋(qiu)列國(guo)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。北宋熙寧(ning)七年(nian)(nian)(1074),下(xia)詔從建(jian)(jian)炎五年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)起(qi)改元(yuan)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),并升越(yue)州為紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)府。民國(guo)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1912)2月(yue),廢府、州、廳舊制,實行省、縣(xian)(xian)兩級制,原紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)府轄(xia)(xia)縣(xian)(xian)均直屬浙江(jiang)(jiang)省軍政(zheng)(zheng)府。1949年(nian)(nian)5月(yue),紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)境解(jie)放,6 月(yue),設為浙江(jiang)(jiang)省第十專(zhuan)(zhuan)區(qu),轄(xia)(xia)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、上虞、嵊縣(xian)(xian)、新(xin)昌、諸暨、蕭山六縣(xian)(xian),余姚劃歸第二專(zhuan)(zhuan)區(qu)(寧(ning)波(bo))。2013年(nian)(nian),國(guo)務院批復同(tong)意(yi)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市調整部(bu)分(fen)行政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)劃:撤銷紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)縣(xian)(xian),設立紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市柯橋區(qu);撤銷上虞市,設立紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市上虞區(qu);將原紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)縣(xian)(xian)的孫端鎮、陶堰鎮、富盛(sheng)鎮劃歸越(yue)城區(qu)管轄(xia)(xia)。紹(shao)(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市從原來(lai)的“一(yi)(yi)(yi)區(qu)五縣(xian)(xian)(市)”調整為“三(san)區(qu)三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(市)”,市區(qu)面積擴大到2942平(ping)方千(qian)米。
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